Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems最新文献

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Drug Delivery Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Advances and Clinical Translation Aspects. 类风湿关节炎的药物给药途径:最新进展和临床翻译方面。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i3.10
Madhumithra Thangadurai, Swaminathan Sethuraman, Anuradha Subramanian
{"title":"Drug Delivery Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Advances and Clinical Translation Aspects.","authors":"Madhumithra Thangadurai, Swaminathan Sethuraman, Anuradha Subramanian","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i3.10","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized with symmetrical progression of joint deformity that is often diagnosed at a chronic condition with other associated pathological conditions such as pericarditis, keratitis, pulmonary granuloma. Despite the understanding of RA pathophysiology in disease progression, current clinical treatment options such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, steroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide only palliative therapy while causing adverse side effects such as off-target multi-organ toxicity and risk of infections. Further, available drug delivery strategies to treat RA pathogenicity does not successfully reach the site of action due to various barriers such as phagocytosis and first pass effect in addition to the disease complexity and unknown etiology, thereby leading to the development of irreversible joint dysfunction. Therefore, novel and effective strategies remain an unmet need to control the disease progression and to maintain the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This review provides a comprehensive outlook on the RA pathophysiology and its corresponding disease progression. Contributions of synoviocytes such as macrophages, fibroblast-like cells in increasing invasiveness to exacerbate joint damage is also outlined in this review, which could be a potential future therapeutic target to complement the existing treatment regimens in controlling RA pathogenesis. Further, various smart drug delivery approaches under research to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse side effects have been discussed, which in turn emphasize the unmet challenges and future perspectives in addressing RA complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 3","pages":"1-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced Early Brain Tumor Detection Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier through MRI Images Using Berkeley Wavelet-Transformation-Based Segmentation. 基于伯克利小波变换的MRI图像跨血脑屏障增强早期脑肿瘤检测。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025055526
D Santhakumar, R Prasanna, M Sivakumar, S Aswath, P S Arthy, R Rajesh Kanna
{"title":"Enhanced Early Brain Tumor Detection Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier through MRI Images Using Berkeley Wavelet-Transformation-Based Segmentation.","authors":"D Santhakumar, R Prasanna, M Sivakumar, S Aswath, P S Arthy, R Rajesh Kanna","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025055526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025055526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumor is one of the reasons for several mortality cases in hospitals. Early detection and diagnosis of brain tumors are necessary to cure the disease early. The extraction of the tumor from the brain's magnetic resonance image (MRI) is considered to be a difficult task when done by clinical experts, and it is also pretty time-consuming. These drawbacks can be overcome by using computer vision-based technologies. The proposed method detects brain tumor crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through MRI images by using Berkeley wavelet transformation (BWT) for segmenting the affected areas. Support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification purpose by which the classification process is divided into two different categories namely, the tumor affected and tumor non-affected parts. Initially, the acquired image is converted to a greyscale from RGB. Then, image segmentation is done. During the image segmentation, morphological operations are carried out. Two morphological operations have been used in the proposed system. They are erosion and dilation. Both these techniques are used for edge detection. In erosion, the pixels are removed from the edges of the tumor image. In dilation, pixels are added at the edges of the tumor images. After the morphological operation, feature extraction is carried out. The features like homogeneity, contrast of the image and the energy might be determined. Then, the image is classified using the SVM classification algorithm. The experimental results have been tabulated and depicted using graphical representations. Comparing to the existing approaches the proposed method is proved to be better in accuracy and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 4","pages":"93-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymeric Nanoparticles Revolutionizing Brain Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Advances. 聚合纳米粒子革新脑癌治疗:策略和进展的综合综述。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024051822
Gilchrist Singh Wahengbam, Sakshi Nirmal, Jai Nandwana, Swatileena Kar, Vandana Kumari, Rajeev Mishra, Abhijeet Singh
{"title":"Polymeric Nanoparticles Revolutionizing Brain Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Advances.","authors":"Gilchrist Singh Wahengbam, Sakshi Nirmal, Jai Nandwana, Swatileena Kar, Vandana Kumari, Rajeev Mishra, Abhijeet Singh","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024051822","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024051822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain cancer continues to be one of the most formidable malignancies to manage, mainly attributable to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting the permeability of drugs and the diverse characteristics of brain tumors complicating treatment. The management of brain tumors has been hampered by many different factors, including the impermeability of the BBB, which restricts the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor site, as well as intertumoral heterogeneity and the influence of brain tumor stem cells. In addition, small molecular weight drugs cannot specifically accumulate in malignant cells and have a limited circulation half-life. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be engineered to traverse the BBB and transport therapeutic medications directly into the brain, enhancing their efficacy compared with the conventional delivery of unbound drugs. Surface modifications of NPs can boost their efficiency by increasing their selectivity towards tumor receptors. This review covers treatment methods for malignant gliomas, associated risk factors, and improvements in brain drug administration, emphasizing the future potential of polymeric NPs and their mechanism for crossing the BBB. To surmount these obstacles, the newly formulated drug-delivery approach utilizing NPs, particularly those coated with cell membranes, has demonstrated potential in treating brain cancer. These NPs provide targeted tumor specificity, biocompatibility, extended circulation, enhanced BBB penetration, and immune evasion. This review focuses on coating strategies for PLGA NPs, particularly dual-targeting methods, to enhance BBB permeability and tumor-targeted delivery of drugs in brain cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 2","pages":"73-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microneedle-Mediated Delivery for Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. 微针介导的靶向肿瘤治疗:综述
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053964
S M Simi, R Pruthvi, K S Nagashree, Bhavya Malgur Vishweshwaraiah, Riyaz Ali M Osmani
{"title":"Microneedle-Mediated Delivery for Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"S M Simi, R Pruthvi, K S Nagashree, Bhavya Malgur Vishweshwaraiah, Riyaz Ali M Osmani","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microneedle-based delivery systems have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in the realm of targeted cancer therapy. By facilitating the transdermal administration of therapeutic agents, microneedles offer a minimally invasive method to overcome the limitations posed by conventional drug delivery systems. This review comprehensively examines the potential of microneedles to enhance drug bioavailability, improve therapeutic outcomes, and reduce systemic toxicity. We explore the diverse applications of MNs in cancer treatment, including their use in chemotherapy, where MNs enable direct delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thus maximizing drug efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, we discuss the role of MNs in immunotherapy, highlighting how they can be used to deliver immune-modulating agents that activate localized immune responses against cancer cells. Furthermore, the potential of microneedles in gene therapy is addressed, emphasizing their ability to deliver genetic material directly to tumor cells, thereby offering a novel approach to cancer treatment. The review also delves into the challenges associated with MN-based therapies, such as ensuring consistent and controlled drug delivery, addressing patient variability, and overcoming manufacturing and scalability issues. Despite these challenges, the advancements in microneedle technology and the promising results from preclinical and clinical studies underscore their transformative potential in cancer therapy. We emphasize the need for further research and clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of microneedles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 5","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: An Evolutionary Paradigm in Women's Reproductive Health. 宫颈癌免疫治疗:妇女生殖健康的进化范式。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025044498
Mansi Damani, Akshada Mhaske, Sayali Dighe, Sujata P Sawarkar
{"title":"Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: An Evolutionary Paradigm in Women's Reproductive Health.","authors":"Mansi Damani, Akshada Mhaske, Sayali Dighe, Sujata P Sawarkar","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025044498","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025044498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The major causative factor for cervical cancer is primary prolonged infection with human papillomavirus, along with secondary factors such as immunodeficiency, smoking, low socioeconomic standards, poor hygiene, and overuse of oral contraceptives. A grave need exists to practice novel strategies to overcome existing drawbacks of conventional therapy such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Cancer immunotherapy works by strengthening the immune system of the host to combat against the cancerous cells. Immunotherapy in cervical cancer treatment has demonstrated long-lasting effects; however, the response to such therapies was nominal due to its prominent limitations such as immunosuppressive behavior of the tumor. Presently plethora of nanoplatforms such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, and dendrimers are being maneuvered with cancer immunotherapy. The amalgamation of nanotechnology and immunotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer is conceivable due to the mutual association between the tumor microenvironment and immunosurveillance. Safety concerns of nanoplatforms with immunotherapeutics such as toxicity, inflammation, and unwanted accumulation in tissues could be surmounted by surface modification methods. This review highlights the benefits of the amalgamation of nanotechnology and immunotherapy to improve shortcomings applicable to the conventional delivery of cancer treatment. We also aim to outline the nanoimmunotherapy sophistications and future translational avenues in this rapidly flourishing cancer treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 3","pages":"55-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insight on the Rise and Raise of Drug Delivery with Special Emphasis on Five Classes of Therapeutics. 透视药物输送的兴起和提高,特别强调五类治疗方法。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053703
Madhuri Desavathu, Pratiksha Singh, Ananya Pal, Nisha Joshi, Rajshekher Upadhyay
{"title":"Insight on the Rise and Raise of Drug Delivery with Special Emphasis on Five Classes of Therapeutics.","authors":"Madhuri Desavathu, Pratiksha Singh, Ananya Pal, Nisha Joshi, Rajshekher Upadhyay","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few years, delivery tactics for enhancing drug bioavailability, biocompatibility, and therapeutic index have advanced significantly in innovative strategies, encompassing delivery of small molecules, proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, and, most recently, live-cell therapies. Challenges associated with different drug delivery systems such as reducing off-target toxicity, improving solubility and permeability, non-invasive handling, overcoming biological obstacles, decreasing immunogenicity, improving stability, getting into the nucleus or cytoplasm, viability and persistence in vivo, etc. can be overcome by any one of the three strategies- Modification of drug molecule, change in physiological environment, and using novel drug carrier. This article describes the problems with traditional medication delivery methods and how other methods have been developed to overcome those problems. Additionally, this review also provides knowledge on a few unique technique of drug delivery including nanotechnology, 3D printing, AI aided delivery of therapeutics, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 4","pages":"59-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanistic Understanding of Onychomycosis Progression and Current Advancement in the Transungual Drug Delivery System. 甲真菌病进展的机制理解和经舌给药系统的最新进展。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024053869
Gaurav S Chavan, Aarti Belgamwar, Kiran D Patil, Yogeeta O Agrawal
{"title":"Mechanistic Understanding of Onychomycosis Progression and Current Advancement in the Transungual Drug Delivery System.","authors":"Gaurav S Chavan, Aarti Belgamwar, Kiran D Patil, Yogeeta O Agrawal","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024053869","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024053869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onychomycosis, a nail infection prevalent in 50 to 60% of all nail illnesses globally, caused by dermatophytes, poses significant challenges to current therapies due to their limitations in effective administration. This review explores recent advancements in novel drug delivery systems while exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying onychomycosis progression. The physicochemical properties of antifungal treatments and the intricate structure of the nail plate present challenges and can be addressed by nanotechnology-enabled solutions. Furthermore, the review extensively covers diagnostic methods crucial for accurate onychomycosis identification. This review offers insights to enhance onychomycosis management by elucidating mechanistic aspects of the disease. Emphasizing the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems, it addresses current treatment challenges using innovative approaches. Moreover, the evaluation of various formulations highlights opportunities to improve therapeutic efficacy. Overall, this comprehensive review explores the current status, challenges, diagnostics advances, and novel approaches for the administration of drugs for the management of onychomycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 3","pages":"89-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancements in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Harnessing Technology, Natural Therapies, and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches. 皮肤癌预防和治疗的进展:利用技术、自然疗法和新兴诊断方法。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053255
Roshan Kumar Gupta, Lensi Parvadiya, Kiran Dudhat
{"title":"Advancements in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Harnessing Technology, Natural Therapies, and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches.","authors":"Roshan Kumar Gupta, Lensi Parvadiya, Kiran Dudhat","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies globally, with rising incidence rates driven by environmental and genetic factors. This manuscript aims to explore recent advancements in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer, focusing on the integration of emerging technologies, plant-based therapies, and innovative diagnostic approaches. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary environmental risk factor for skin cancer, contributing to both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Advances in technology, such as AI-driven diagnostic tools and non-invasive imaging techniques, are transforming early detection and risk assessment. Additionally, the role of genetic factors, such as p53 mutations in the development of SCC, is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of molecular diagnostics in guiding treatment strategies. In the realm of therapeutics, plant-based compounds are gaining traction for their anti-cancer properties. Natural agents such as polyphenols and flavonoids exhibit UV-protective and anti-carcinogenic effects, offering promising adjuncts to conventional treatments. Moreover, innovative treatment modalities, including immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, are being explored to enhance the efficacy of traditional chemotherapies while minimizing side effects. This article comprehensively reviews the types and classifications of skin cancer, the role of biological and non-biological risk factors, and cutting-edge prevention strategies. It also delves into the potential of plant-based therapies and the emerging role of nanotechnology and advanced diagnostic techniques in skin cancer management. By examining these novel approaches, the manuscript offers a forward-looking perspective on improving early detection, enhancing treatment outcomes, and reducing the global burden of skin cancer. These insights could pave the way for integrating innovative therapies and technologies into clinical practice, facilitating more effective skin cancer management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 5","pages":"1-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combating HIV Latency: A Review of Innovative Interventions and Nanotechnology-Based Formulations. 抗击艾滋病毒潜伏期:创新干预措施和基于纳米技术的配方综述。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025054733
Divya Dubey, Trinette Fernandes, Prabha Singh
{"title":"Combating HIV Latency: A Review of Innovative Interventions and Nanotechnology-Based Formulations.","authors":"Divya Dubey, Trinette Fernandes, Prabha Singh","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025054733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025054733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HIV-1 reservoir is a residual pool of integrated viral genomes that endure in a condition of reversible non-productive infection, notwithstanding suppressive antiretroviral therapy's ability to successfully inhibit HIV-1 replication and evolution. Individual T cells are capable of developing a latent infection due to HIV-1. Even in patients receiving highly effective marketed antiretroviral medication, latent virus survives perpetually in memory T cells and exhibit atypical cellular signaling and metabolic dysfunction, which can cause minor to severe cellular and systemic comorbidities. These include lymphocytic, cardiac, renal, hepatic, and pulmonary dysfunctions as well as genomic DNA damage, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This latent reservoir is understood to be a substantial challenge for treating HIV-1 infection. The presence of a latent reservoir for HIV-1 can be used to explain the extremely low levels of viremia in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. In an effort to eradicate the latent reservoir, several methods are being investigated for reactivating dormant viruses. This review concentrates on figuring out how to awaken latent HIV-1 by adding detailed information about drugs and formulations discovered for latent HIV. This work may provoke the thoughts related for discovering many more promising drugs, and targeting strategies to totally eradicate the HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 5","pages":"55-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Review on Nanophytomedicines in the Treatment of Oral Cancer: Recent Trends and Treatment Prospects. 纳米植物药在口腔癌治疗中的应用综述:最新趋势与治疗前景》。
IF 3 4区 医学
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i1.30
Neha P Shukla, Giftson J Senapathy
{"title":"Current Review on Nanophytomedicines in the Treatment of Oral Cancer: Recent Trends and Treatment Prospects.","authors":"Neha P Shukla, Giftson J Senapathy","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i1.30","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases in the world and oral cancer is the 8th most common type of deadly cancers in Asian countries. Despite many causes, tobacco is the main causative agent as 90% of oral cancer cases were due to daily consumption of tobacco and its products. The major drawback of the conventional therapies for oral cancer including chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy or combination of these is the dose limiting toxicity. Developments in technology and research led to new innovative discoveries in cancer treatments. In the past few decades, increased attention has been given to researches in alternative cancer treatment strategies using plants and plant products. Recently many anticancer drugs from natural products or phytochemicals were approved internationally. Due to the low bioavailability and poor solubility of phytochemicals, various research works on nano-carrier based drug delivery systems were exploited in the recent past to make them as promising anticancer agents. In the current review, an overview of oral cancer and its treatment, risk factors, missing links of conventional therapies, contribution of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and research on phytochemical based drug treatment and different polymeric nanoparticles were discussed briefly. The future prospects for the use of various types of polymeric nanoparticles applied in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer were also mentioned. The major concern of this review is to give the reader a better understanding on various types of treatment for oral cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"42 1","pages":"89-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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