Journal of Scientific Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"In-situ Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Function by a New Point Source Field Dripper Method (NPSFDM)","authors":"Mohd Tabish, A.K. Bajpai, Chhedi Lal Verma, S.K. Pyasi, R.B. Singh, G.D. Deshmukh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72128","url":null,"abstract":"Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function (Kh) is an important soil parameter for drip irrigation design. There are many laboratory and in-situ measurement methods available for the measurement of Kh with associated limitations. A point source field dripper model (PSFDM) using Wooding [1] theory was used by Shani et al. [2] for Kh measurement in the field for the first time. Warrick (1985) gave an approximate equation for Kh estimation. Keeping the difficulty of detecting interface and steady state conditions a new model for in-situ measurement of Kh was developed. An experimental set up (micro-irrigation simulator) was developed for in-situ measurement of Kh which simulates real field drip conditions. Steady state saturated fronts diameters were measured against 2.02, 4.04, 7.56 and 8.31 lph dripper discharges maintaining one atmospheric pressure in drip line. Ks values calculated by PSFDM-Shani, PSFDM-Warrick and PSFDM-New were 3.60, 4.31 and 3.22 cm/hr and α as 0.1643, 0.1544 and 0.1468 cm-1, respectively. Ks values measured by PSFDM are quite close to each other. Ks value measured by using inverse auger hole method (IAHM) was 0.60 cm/hr and by infiltrometer method (IM) as 0.79 cm/hr. The PSFDM is the only method available to measure any change in Kh value due to tillage or any other interventions. Newly developed experimental set up in combination to PSFD Models is the best combination for field application.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Greenhouse Microclimate Management: A Review","authors":"K. Yadav, I. Arora, A. Kumar, M.K. Rana, V. Kumar, Kapil, Amit","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72127","url":null,"abstract":"The normal development of plants and an increase in yield depend on the microclimate in a greenhouse being controlled. Key microclimate factors, like carbon dioxide, temperature, sunlight and relative humidity could be altered by a variety of control actions such as humidification and dehumidification, heating, natural or forced ventilation and concentration of carbon dioxide. Factors like effective natural ventilation in greenhouses, considering factors like temperature differences, wind velocity, and appropriate ventilator area, are crucial for regulating internal climate, reducing energy use, and ensuring healthy plant growth.  However, these modifications result in higher energy and fuel consumption throughout the manufacturing process. Thus, appropriate management is obligatory to perform the intricate operations related to balancing energy, i.e., lowering the emanations and reducing the cost of production, even though severe climatic conditions could adversely affect the microclimate inside the greenhouse. This review document will provide concise information on the management of greenhouse microclimate, focusing on different factors that affect crop growth and how these factors can be managed.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Benefits of e-Extension Tools: Perspectives from Extension Personnel","authors":"Ritesh Singh, R. Doharey, N. Meena, Abhinav Singh, Smita Singh, Anurag Shankar Singh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72126","url":null,"abstract":"This study, conducted in Uttar Pradesh during 2023-2024, aims to evaluate the benefits of e-Extension tools among extension personnel in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) host by Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology (ANDUAT). Uttar Pradesh was selected purposively due to its high number of KVKs, totalling 89, and the study focused on those hosted by Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology (ANDUAT), which has the maximum number of KVKs in the state. Data were collected from 137 extension personnel using a Google Form questionnaire. The findings reveal a predominantly positive perception of e-Extension tools, with a majority recognizing their advantages in promoting communication, enhancing extension work, and providing quick access to agricultural information. Specifically, 67.15% of respondents perceived high benefits, while 26.28% perceived medium benefits, and only 6.57% perceived low benefits. Despite these positive perceptions, concerns were noted regarding the cost-effectiveness and ability of e-Extension tools to address all technical problems, as well as their impact on interpersonal relationships between extension personnel and farmers.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"97 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sesame Germplasm for Resistance against Leaf Webber, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel)","authors":"N. Swetha, T. Boopathi, B.S.L. Ramani, A. Tejaswini, A.L. Rathnakumar, K. T. Ramya, Praduman Yadav, C. N. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72123","url":null,"abstract":"Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), known as the sesame leaf webber is an important and specific pest of sesame, exerting a considerable yield loss of up to 72%. The objective of this study was to assess various sesame germplasm for their resistance against A. catalaunalis. The present study was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. A total of 276 germplasm were evaluated for their resistance against Sesame leaf webber, together with a resistant check (Swetha) and a susceptible check (Prachi). The experiment was conducted using Randomized Block design for two seasons (2023 and 2024). Incidence of leaf webber was observed on 10 randomly selected plants on each germplasm at weekly intervals. Percent Leaf damage was calculated for all the 276 germplasm along with a resistant check and a susceptible check. The data on percentage of leaf damage for both the seasons were also subjected to statistical analysis using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The performance of the germplasm were evaluated using 1-9 scoring methodology, categorizing them as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible or highly susceptible based on scores. In season 1, germplasm, B 203, DSK-1-A, EC-511212, EVC-101, IC-205201, IC-205775, IC-413205, IC-500343, IS-17, and SL-11 were found to be completely free from the incidence of A. catalaunalis. The germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (53), resistant (62), moderately resistant (56), susceptible (74), and highly susceptible (31). In season 2, none of the germplasm exhibited complete resistance. The germplasm were categorized as follows: highly resistant (46), resistant (51), moderately resistant (69), susceptible (55), and highly susceptible (55). The incidence of the pest on the resistant check, Swetha, was 4.46% in season 1 and 5.94% in season 2, while the percent pest incidence on the susceptible check, Prachi, was 76.69% in season 1 and 69.18% in season 2. 46 germplasm were observed to be highly resistant to Antigastra catalaunalis across both the seasons and also based on the combined mean percent leaf damage analysis. Thus, these germplasm can be used as donors in future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millets and Indigenous Food Systems in Indian Subcontinent: Revitalization, Resilience and Sovereignty","authors":"Vicky Yadav, S. Lal, Rishabh Singh Gaur, Biswajit Malik","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72122","url":null,"abstract":"Millet serves as a nutritional powerhouse, brimming with minerals, protein, beneficial fats, calcium, and an array of vital nutrients. Of all the millet varieties, Ragi takes the lead with its remarkable calcium content. Millets play a pivotal role in promoting good health, exhibiting the capacity to combat a range of diseases, even including cancer. Furthermore, these grains are highly recommended for individuals dealing with diabetes, forming a valuable part of the diet for diabetic patients. Presently, millet cultivation spans across 131 nations, with India prominently positioned as a frontrunner, contributing 41% to the global millet production. Remarkably, India's stature extends further as it clinches the fifth spot among the world's millet exporters. Noteworthy is the fact that in December 2018, India's proposal for designating 2023 as the International Year of Millets was embraced by the FAO, subsequently declared in March 2023. This paper delves into a comprehensive exploration of millets, encompassing their definition, a nutritional juxtaposition with cereals, accrued health advantages, contribution of millet production to the attainment of SDGs, a comprehensive overview of millet's cultivation landscape concerning geographical extent, production, productivity, and export trends. Additionally, a substantial focus is dedicated to elaborating on the significance and implications of the International Year of Millets, reflecting India's proactive role in enhancing global awareness about these grains.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolates: Growth Dynamics, Viability, Density, and Morphological Attributes","authors":"S. S. Monica, P. Rajanikanth, P. Duraimurugan, S. A. Basha, D. S. Chary","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72124","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to comprehensively characterize endophytic entomopathogenic fungal isolates, focusing on their growth dynamics, viability, density, and morphological attributes, with implications for biocontrol strategies against insect pests. \u0000Study Design: The research tracked radial growth rates of fungal isolates over 21 days, conducted conidial viability assessments at 24 and 48 hours, measured conidial density, and performed morphological analysis to identify distinct characteristics. \u0000Methodology: Endophytic entomopathogenic fungal isolates, including Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii, were subjected to radial growth rate tracking, viability assessments, density measurements, and morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was employed to identify significant variations among isolates and time intervals. \u0000Results: Significant variations in radial growth rates were observed among isolates, with Beauveria bassiana isolate ChBb exhibiting a rate of 3.66 mm/day, followed by B. bassiana isolate NaBb with 3.92 mm/day, and Lecanicillium lecanii isolate KmLl with 3.06 mm/day. Conidial viability assessments revealed temporal dynamics, with NaBb maintaining the highest viability at both 24 and 48 hours. Additionally, significant differences in conidial density were noted, with NaBb exhibiting the highest density followed by ChBb and KmLl. Morphological analysis unveiled distinct characteristics among isolates, including differences in conidia length, width, and length-to-width ratio. \u0000Conclusion: The findings underscore the potential of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii isolates in biocontrol strategies against insect pests, highlighting their varying growth dynamics, viability, density, and morphological attributes. These insights contribute to the understanding of entomopathogenic fungi and their applications in sustainable pest management practices.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Studies of Trema orientalis in Rats with Respect to Certain Haematological and Biochemical Parameters","authors":"N. D, Shridhar, N. B., Vinuta, M. H, S. U, Manjunatha, S.S, Pradeep, B.S, Sagar, M., Suma, N.","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72125","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study was carried out to assess the toxicological aspects of methanolic extract of leaves and stems of Trema orientalis (METO) in rats. Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of METO was performed in male Wistar albino rats as per the OECD guidelines 407. In total, 24 rats were assigned in four groups of six in each group.  Group I served as control, while Group II, III and IV rats were orally gavaged with METO daily at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. The experimental rats were apparently healthy throughout the experimental period with respect to feed intake and body weight gain. Haematological parameters such as total erythrocytes count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were assessed from blood on day 14 and day 28 in the repeated dose oral toxicity study. Also, certain biochemical parameters like AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine from serum were estimated. TLC was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in group IV of METO treated rats. The significant (p < 0.05) increase in creatinine values of group IV on 28th day, associated with occurrence of various phytochemicals. Other haematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant changes in METO treated groups. The study concluded that the doses of T. orientalis resulted in pulmonary, hepatic and renal damage in experimental rats and might be toxic to the domestic animals also, which need to be investigated in future.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"112 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Physical Properties of Groundnut Cultivated in Andhra Pradesh for Design of Remote-Operated Groundnut Planter","authors":"K. M. Malathi, A. Srinivasa Rao, B. R. Kiran, R. G. Babu","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72120","url":null,"abstract":"Physical properties of groundnut seeds play an important role in designing the cell size of seed metering device, the thickness of metering disc, the diameter of metering device and the design of seed hopper for the development of remote-operated groundnut planter. The present study describes the measurement of the physical properties of four groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties namely K-6 (Kadiri-6), Kadiri Lepakshi, Tag-24 (Trombay Akola Groundnut-24) and Dharani using standard measuring procedures. The results obtained for four varieties revealed that the seed length, width and thickness vary from 10.29 ± 1.11 to 17.52 ± 0.76 mm, 6.15 ± 0.39 to 9.51 ± 0.46 mm and 5.48 ± 0.33 to 8.59 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. The geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter and surface area varied from 7.39 ± 0.15 to 10.58 ± 0.36 mm, 7.87 ± 0.32 to 11.13 ± 0.45 mm, and 171.98 ± 6.89 to 352.21 ± 24.54 mm2, respectively. The Sphericity and Aspect Ratio varied from 55.51 ± 2.99 to 81.36 ± 6.87 % and 42.40 ± 4.16 to 77.82 ± 8.86 %, respectively. The Moisture Content (db.), bulk density, true density, porosity, hundred seeds weight and Angle of Repose for four different groundnut varieties are obtained as 5.25 to 10.45 %, 605.8 to 691.49 kg/m3, 1008.12 to 1123.4 kg/m3, 32.25 to 46.05 %, 30.485 to 45.62 g and 26.32 to 36.58º, respectively. The maximum values of axial dimensions were considered for design of seed metering device cell. The parameters of bulk density, test weight, and angle of repose were useful in the design of the seed hopper.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"122 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Stress: Between Farmers' Needs and Public Policies the Case of Smallholder Farmers in the Villages of Nabatieh Governorate","authors":"Hala Aawada, Salam Chamseddine, Sana Kayel, Akram El-Jarf","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72121","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is a paramount developmental and livelihood issue globally, posing life-threatening challenges in the Arab world and the Eastern Mediterranean. This scarcity manifests in two forms: physical scarcity, due to insufficient water resulting from local environmental conditions, and economic scarcity, characterized by inadequate water infrastructure. When these forms of scarcity converge, they lead to severe water stress, exemplified by regions experiencing both low rainfall and inadequate water storage and sanitation facilities. In Lebanon, state policies, or the lack thereof, have significantly exacerbated water scarcity. Governmental negligence and mismanagement of water resources, compounded by insufficient investment in infrastructure, have intensified both physical and economic water scarcities. The lack of effective water conservation policies, poor maintenance of existing water facilities, and failure to develop new water projects have led to severe water stress, hindering developmental progress and threatening the livelihoods and health of the population. The combined effect of environmental challenges and governmental inaction has made water scarcity a critical issue, necessitating immediate and comprehensive interventions to ensure sustainable water management and availability for the future.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood Security and Personal Attributes of Small and Marginal Farmers in Rewa Block of Rewa District M.P, India","authors":"Upasna Digarse, Sanjay Singh, Ashish Kumar, Ashish Kumar Nagar, Ashutosh Singh Rajpoot","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72117","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the Rewa block of the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh in 2021. Rewa block consists of 211 villages. Out of which 10 villages namely, Karhiya, Ataria, Bisar, Bhitwa, Rithi, Jori, Lohi, Bansi, Kitvariya and Khajua of Rewa block were selected randomly. A village-wise list of small and marginal farmers adopting various occupations along with farming was prepared. From this list of small and marginal farmers, 6 small and 6 marginal farmers were selected from each selected village to give a total sample size of 120 respondents (60 small and 60 marginal farmers). The study revealed that the majority of respondents of the respondents were from the middle age group, had education up to primary level, belonged to OBC category, were medium family size, equal percent of respondents were found as marginal as well as small size land holders, possessed less livestock holding, medium social participation, had medium level of experience in farming, majority of the respondents were involved in only agricultural activities, had low family income, most of the respondents had low cropping system. Further, the study shows that the majority of the respondents had medium mass media exposure, had medium level of exposure, low achievement motivation, most of the respondents had medium risk orientation, and medium economic motivation.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}