Vicky Yadav, S. Lal, Rishabh Singh Gaur, Biswajit Malik
{"title":"Millets and Indigenous Food Systems in Indian Subcontinent: Revitalization, Resilience and Sovereignty","authors":"Vicky Yadav, S. Lal, Rishabh Singh Gaur, Biswajit Malik","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72122","url":null,"abstract":"Millet serves as a nutritional powerhouse, brimming with minerals, protein, beneficial fats, calcium, and an array of vital nutrients. Of all the millet varieties, Ragi takes the lead with its remarkable calcium content. Millets play a pivotal role in promoting good health, exhibiting the capacity to combat a range of diseases, even including cancer. Furthermore, these grains are highly recommended for individuals dealing with diabetes, forming a valuable part of the diet for diabetic patients. Presently, millet cultivation spans across 131 nations, with India prominently positioned as a frontrunner, contributing 41% to the global millet production. Remarkably, India's stature extends further as it clinches the fifth spot among the world's millet exporters. Noteworthy is the fact that in December 2018, India's proposal for designating 2023 as the International Year of Millets was embraced by the FAO, subsequently declared in March 2023. This paper delves into a comprehensive exploration of millets, encompassing their definition, a nutritional juxtaposition with cereals, accrued health advantages, contribution of millet production to the attainment of SDGs, a comprehensive overview of millet's cultivation landscape concerning geographical extent, production, productivity, and export trends. Additionally, a substantial focus is dedicated to elaborating on the significance and implications of the International Year of Millets, reflecting India's proactive role in enhancing global awareness about these grains.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Monica, P. Rajanikanth, P. Duraimurugan, S. A. Basha, D. S. Chary
{"title":"Characterization of Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolates: Growth Dynamics, Viability, Density, and Morphological Attributes","authors":"S. S. Monica, P. Rajanikanth, P. Duraimurugan, S. A. Basha, D. S. Chary","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72124","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to comprehensively characterize endophytic entomopathogenic fungal isolates, focusing on their growth dynamics, viability, density, and morphological attributes, with implications for biocontrol strategies against insect pests. \u0000Study Design: The research tracked radial growth rates of fungal isolates over 21 days, conducted conidial viability assessments at 24 and 48 hours, measured conidial density, and performed morphological analysis to identify distinct characteristics. \u0000Methodology: Endophytic entomopathogenic fungal isolates, including Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii, were subjected to radial growth rate tracking, viability assessments, density measurements, and morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was employed to identify significant variations among isolates and time intervals. \u0000Results: Significant variations in radial growth rates were observed among isolates, with Beauveria bassiana isolate ChBb exhibiting a rate of 3.66 mm/day, followed by B. bassiana isolate NaBb with 3.92 mm/day, and Lecanicillium lecanii isolate KmLl with 3.06 mm/day. Conidial viability assessments revealed temporal dynamics, with NaBb maintaining the highest viability at both 24 and 48 hours. Additionally, significant differences in conidial density were noted, with NaBb exhibiting the highest density followed by ChBb and KmLl. Morphological analysis unveiled distinct characteristics among isolates, including differences in conidia length, width, and length-to-width ratio. \u0000Conclusion: The findings underscore the potential of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii isolates in biocontrol strategies against insect pests, highlighting their varying growth dynamics, viability, density, and morphological attributes. These insights contribute to the understanding of entomopathogenic fungi and their applications in sustainable pest management practices.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. D, Shridhar, N. B., Vinuta, M. H, S. U, Manjunatha, S.S, Pradeep, B.S, Sagar, M., Suma, N.
{"title":"Toxicity Studies of Trema orientalis in Rats with Respect to Certain Haematological and Biochemical Parameters","authors":"N. D, Shridhar, N. B., Vinuta, M. H, S. U, Manjunatha, S.S, Pradeep, B.S, Sagar, M., Suma, N.","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72125","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study was carried out to assess the toxicological aspects of methanolic extract of leaves and stems of Trema orientalis (METO) in rats. Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of METO was performed in male Wistar albino rats as per the OECD guidelines 407. In total, 24 rats were assigned in four groups of six in each group. Group I served as control, while Group II, III and IV rats were orally gavaged with METO daily at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. The experimental rats were apparently healthy throughout the experimental period with respect to feed intake and body weight gain. Haematological parameters such as total erythrocytes count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were assessed from blood on day 14 and day 28 in the repeated dose oral toxicity study. Also, certain biochemical parameters like AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine from serum were estimated. TLC was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in group IV of METO treated rats. The significant (p < 0.05) increase in creatinine values of group IV on 28th day, associated with occurrence of various phytochemicals. Other haematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant changes in METO treated groups. The study concluded that the doses of T. orientalis resulted in pulmonary, hepatic and renal damage in experimental rats and might be toxic to the domestic animals also, which need to be investigated in future.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"112 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. M. Malathi, A. Srinivasa Rao, B. R. Kiran, R. G. Babu
{"title":"Study on Physical Properties of Groundnut Cultivated in Andhra Pradesh for Design of Remote-Operated Groundnut Planter","authors":"K. M. Malathi, A. Srinivasa Rao, B. R. Kiran, R. G. Babu","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72120","url":null,"abstract":"Physical properties of groundnut seeds play an important role in designing the cell size of seed metering device, the thickness of metering disc, the diameter of metering device and the design of seed hopper for the development of remote-operated groundnut planter. The present study describes the measurement of the physical properties of four groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties namely K-6 (Kadiri-6), Kadiri Lepakshi, Tag-24 (Trombay Akola Groundnut-24) and Dharani using standard measuring procedures. The results obtained for four varieties revealed that the seed length, width and thickness vary from 10.29 ± 1.11 to 17.52 ± 0.76 mm, 6.15 ± 0.39 to 9.51 ± 0.46 mm and 5.48 ± 0.33 to 8.59 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. The geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter and surface area varied from 7.39 ± 0.15 to 10.58 ± 0.36 mm, 7.87 ± 0.32 to 11.13 ± 0.45 mm, and 171.98 ± 6.89 to 352.21 ± 24.54 mm2, respectively. The Sphericity and Aspect Ratio varied from 55.51 ± 2.99 to 81.36 ± 6.87 % and 42.40 ± 4.16 to 77.82 ± 8.86 %, respectively. The Moisture Content (db.), bulk density, true density, porosity, hundred seeds weight and Angle of Repose for four different groundnut varieties are obtained as 5.25 to 10.45 %, 605.8 to 691.49 kg/m3, 1008.12 to 1123.4 kg/m3, 32.25 to 46.05 %, 30.485 to 45.62 g and 26.32 to 36.58º, respectively. The maximum values of axial dimensions were considered for design of seed metering device cell. The parameters of bulk density, test weight, and angle of repose were useful in the design of the seed hopper.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"122 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hala Aawada, Salam Chamseddine, Sana Kayel, Akram El-Jarf
{"title":"Water Stress: Between Farmers' Needs and Public Policies the Case of Smallholder Farmers in the Villages of Nabatieh Governorate","authors":"Hala Aawada, Salam Chamseddine, Sana Kayel, Akram El-Jarf","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72121","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is a paramount developmental and livelihood issue globally, posing life-threatening challenges in the Arab world and the Eastern Mediterranean. This scarcity manifests in two forms: physical scarcity, due to insufficient water resulting from local environmental conditions, and economic scarcity, characterized by inadequate water infrastructure. When these forms of scarcity converge, they lead to severe water stress, exemplified by regions experiencing both low rainfall and inadequate water storage and sanitation facilities. In Lebanon, state policies, or the lack thereof, have significantly exacerbated water scarcity. Governmental negligence and mismanagement of water resources, compounded by insufficient investment in infrastructure, have intensified both physical and economic water scarcities. The lack of effective water conservation policies, poor maintenance of existing water facilities, and failure to develop new water projects have led to severe water stress, hindering developmental progress and threatening the livelihoods and health of the population. The combined effect of environmental challenges and governmental inaction has made water scarcity a critical issue, necessitating immediate and comprehensive interventions to ensure sustainable water management and availability for the future.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Livelihood Security and Personal Attributes of Small and Marginal Farmers in Rewa Block of Rewa District M.P, India","authors":"Upasna Digarse, Sanjay Singh, Ashish Kumar, Ashish Kumar Nagar, Ashutosh Singh Rajpoot","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72117","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the Rewa block of the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh in 2021. Rewa block consists of 211 villages. Out of which 10 villages namely, Karhiya, Ataria, Bisar, Bhitwa, Rithi, Jori, Lohi, Bansi, Kitvariya and Khajua of Rewa block were selected randomly. A village-wise list of small and marginal farmers adopting various occupations along with farming was prepared. From this list of small and marginal farmers, 6 small and 6 marginal farmers were selected from each selected village to give a total sample size of 120 respondents (60 small and 60 marginal farmers). The study revealed that the majority of respondents of the respondents were from the middle age group, had education up to primary level, belonged to OBC category, were medium family size, equal percent of respondents were found as marginal as well as small size land holders, possessed less livestock holding, medium social participation, had medium level of experience in farming, majority of the respondents were involved in only agricultural activities, had low family income, most of the respondents had low cropping system. Further, the study shows that the majority of the respondents had medium mass media exposure, had medium level of exposure, low achievement motivation, most of the respondents had medium risk orientation, and medium economic motivation.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anil Sidaray Chikkalaki, B. Krishnamurthy, Bharat Singh Ghanghas
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Fruit Growers of Karnataka","authors":"Anil Sidaray Chikkalaki, B. Krishnamurthy, Bharat Singh Ghanghas","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72118","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted following ex-post facto research design during 2020 to analyse the entrepreneurial behaviour of fruit growers of Karnataka. Forty each grape, lime and pomegranate growers were selected from Vijayapura district by use of simple random sampling technique. Thus, making the sample size of 120. The findings revealed more than two fifth (42.50%) of grape growers, two fifth (40.00%) of lime growers and 37.50 per cent of pomegranate growers belonged to medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour. With respect to overall entrepreneurial behaviour, more than one third (37.50%) of the respondents had medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour followed by high (33.33%) and low (29.17%) levels. Considering the dimension wise entrepreneurial behaviour of fruit crop growers, significant percentage of them belonged to medium category of innovativeness (38.33%), decision making ability (41.67%), achievement motivation (38.33%), knowledge on farming enterprise (41.67%), risk orientation (40.83%), information seeking behaviour (34.17%), ability to coordinate farm activities (44.17%), economic motivation (38.33%), leadership ability (38.33%), scientific orientation (36.67%) and management orientation (45.00%). The study also revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean entrepreneurial behaviour among grape, lime and pomegranate growers. Regression analysis was carried out to see the effect on independent variables on entrepreneurial behaviour.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Mahasamund and Raigarh Districts of Chhattisgarh in India","authors":"Mamta Patel, Sneha Pandey","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72119","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut is an important oilseed in Mahasamund and Raigarh District of Chhattisgarh and plays a crucial role, both in area and production. This study investigates the resource use efficiency of groundnut production using data from 145 farmers through personal interviews and survey method the 2020-2021 cropping year. The input output relationship of groundnut production was examined using the Cobb-Douglas production function. It was found that Marginal value product of groundnut to price ratio (MVP/Pi) was less than unity human labour, seed, manure, fertilizer and plant protection chemicals. Tractor cost (X3) significantly contributed to production of groundnut. However human labour (X1), seed (X2), manure (X4) and fertilizer (X5) were non-significant. Groundnut production in the study area was profitable.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divi Niharika Nirmala, Abhilasha A. Lal, Sobita Simon
{"title":"Report on Phytophthora sp. Causing Corm Rot of Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta L.) from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Divi Niharika Nirmala, Abhilasha A. Lal, Sobita Simon","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62114","url":null,"abstract":"Taro [(Colocasia esculenta L.) Schott] also known as old cocoyam or true cocoyam is a water-loving herbaceous plant. Taro is affected by major diseases and pests in different parts of the world but among them taro blight and corm rot caused by a fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora colocasiae Racib is most important disease. The infected corm samples were collected from markets in two districts of Andhra Pradesh and the experiment was carried out based on Koch’s postulates in the Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Rabi season (2022-23). Isolation was done from collected corm samples (infected corms) for identification of the pathogen. Based on the cultural and morphological characters under microscopic examination, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora sp. which causes corm rot and leaf blight of Colocasia. The isolated pathogen was inoculated into the healthy corms of Colocasia. At the time of corm germination, the typical symptoms were observed like downy whitish growth on the surface of the corms and on the leaf surface as small grey to brown discoloured water-soaked spots which later enlarged, became dark brown and coalesced, finally destroyed entire leaf lamina. After the examination of the symptoms, reisolation was done and pathogenecity of the fungus was proved by Koch’s postulates. Perusal of the literature revealed that Phytophthora sp. causes post and pre harvest corm rot and leaf blight in colocasia and it seems to be the first report from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepak Kumar Mishra, Birender Singh, Manigopa Chakraborty, Nutan Verma, S. Surin, S. Mishra
{"title":"Combining Ability and Heterosis in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines","authors":"Deepak Kumar Mishra, Birender Singh, Manigopa Chakraborty, Nutan Verma, S. Surin, S. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62112","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was framed to determine the combining ability and the extent of heterosis in maize using line × tester design at maize section, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur. Crosses were made involving ten lines and three testers in Rabi, 2019-20 for the study. 30 Crosses along with 13 parents and 2 checks were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications during kharif, 2020. The hybrids DHM 117 and SHM 1 were used as checks. Data were recorded on 13 morphological traits. The contribution of lines is found to be greater than that of the testers for most of the characters studied. On the basis of GCA effects, the lines VL109476, VL109475, VL1010848, VL109479 and tester VP15295 were identified as good combiners for grain yield, whereas the line VL1017524 and the tester SML-1 were also identified as good combiner in terms of earliness. These can be used as parents in multiple hybridization programme. On the basis of SCA effects, the crosses VL109476 x V P15295, VL1010763 x VP15295, VL1018419 x VP15295 and VL109475 x SML-1 were identified as good specific combiners for grain yield, whereas on the basis of standard heterosis VL109476 x V P15295, VL1010763 x VP15295, VL109475 x SML-1 and VL109479 x SML-1 were superior to the better check in grain yield. The identified hybrids may be tested on large scale multi-location trial and in farmers’ field before commercial utilization.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}