Journal of Scientific Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Productivity and Environmental Stewardship for Future Generations","authors":"Niru Kumari, Amit Kumar Pandey, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Singh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82284","url":null,"abstract":"All global development is based on the agricultural practice. If not managed responsibly, increasing its productivity and production might have an impact on the land's capacity in the future. Preserving potential land use might be achieved through sustainable agriculture. Enhancing and balancing productivity with environmental sustainability may be accomplished by concentrating on locally accessible organic resources, INM, IFS, etc. and proper management of soil health. Due to their high input usage efficiencies, decreased use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and enhanced soil resilience and quality in a changing climate, they might increase agricultural output and ecosystem sustainability. This review briefly overviews sustainable agriculture, its components, and the potential to achieving overall sustainability by integrating innovative agronomic approaches and practices to meet the increasing demands for food while preserving the environment.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative Gene Editing Methods: Precision in Genetically Modified Crops through Trait Modification","authors":"Gangadhara Doggalli, Kavya, Oinam Bobochand Singh, Manojkumar H G, Mitali Srivastava, Chaya G B, Abhishek V Karadagi, Vinodh Kumar P N","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82283","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change and adverse abiotic and biotic factors are significantly limiting agricultural productivity, presenting substantial challenges for crop scientists striving to meet the growing global food demand. The primary aim of plant biology research is to enhance food security by increasing crop yields, improving resistance to stresses, and boosting nutrient content. While traditional breeding has successfully produced high-yielding crop varieties, persistent challenges remain. Advanced biotechnological methods, including overexpression, RNA interference, and genome editing, offer promising solutions to these challenges. Innovations like next-generation sequencing, high-throughput genotyping, precision editing, and space technology have accelerated crop improvement programs. Site-specific nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas systems have revolutionized biological research by enabling precise genome modifications essential for agriculture. These technologies facilitate targeted genome modifications, allowing for the development of traits crucial for food security and expediting trait development in key crops. The integration of cutting-edge tools and technologies has significantly advanced these strategies, driving the enhancement of crop species. CRISPR/Cas genome-wide screens open new opportunities for discovering and expanding traits vital for food security. This discussion explores the development and application of various site-specific nuclease systems in plant genome engineering, highlighting their potential to precisely enhance traits, thereby increasing crop productivity and resilience against climate change. Cutting-edge genome-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems, are poised to transform the agricultural landscape and play a pivotal role in ensuring future food security. These technologies offer a vision of a future where agriculture can adapt to changing environmental conditions and meet the growing global demand for food. Advances in genetic engineering, gene editing, and synthetic biology drive crop trait modifications, aiming to enhance productivity, improve nutritional quality, and provide resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. These innovations are essential for securing a sustainable agricultural future and ensuring the global population has access to sufficient, nutritious food.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Study the Status of Alternaria Leaf Blotch on Apple under Kashmir Conditions","authors":"Javeid Ahmad Dar, G.H. Mir, Z.A Bhat, M. A. Bhat, S. A. Padder, Jamal Ahmad","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82285","url":null,"abstract":"Alternarialeaf blotch (Alternaria maliRoberts) of apple is one of the major fungal diseases in all the apple growing regions of the world. Although the disease was previously of minor economic importance in Kashmir valley, it has now attained the status of one of the major diseases of apple.The frequent epidemics of Alternaria leaf blotch have been witnessed in Kashmir, inflicting heavy losses. As most of the commercial apple cultivars are susceptible to this disease, orchardists mainly rely on frequent fungicide applications for its management. Four districts of the valley viz., Pulwama, Kulgam, Shopian and Srinagar were surveyed to record the status of Alternaria leaf blotch disease of apple. The disease was prevalent in all the districts surveyed with an overall disease incidence and intensity of 55.59 and 33.16, respectively. The highest disease incidence and intensity were recorded in district Kulgam and least in district Shopian. What is the significance of your research (our significance is to record the disease incidence and intensity of major apple growing belts of jammu and Kashmir because maximum apple growers are unnable to manage the disease from last six years moreover in this study we observed were growers are lacking to controll disease ? Did you try to suggest a means of solving this problem (yes sir in this study we observed that why most of the apple growers are unable to manage this major foliar disease? What is the contribution of your research to knowledge in Science? (our contribution of research in science is to provide the management capsule for controlling Alternaria leaf blotch of apple.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Round-shaped Variety Anand Raj Exhibiting Glossy Skin Characteristics in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"M. M. Pandya, R. R. Acharya, N. A. Patel, K. B. Kathiria, A. Bhanvadia, D. D. Gohil, J. N. Patel, V. Joshi","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82279","url":null,"abstract":"In brinjal, consumer preference hinges on multifaceted criteria encompassing nutritional content, visual appeal, and culinary attributes, while farmers prioritize factors such as yield potential and market suitability. In response to this dual demand spectrum, the cultivar \"Anand Raj\" was meticulously developed, and tailored to excel in the unique agro-climatic conditions prevalent in middle Gujarat. Anand Raj, emerged from the controlled cross breeding program involving AB 07-2 x GOB 1 utilizing the pedigree method of plant breeding at the Main Vegetable Research Station of Anand Agricultural University, Anand, spanning the years 2017 to 2021. Anand Raj showcased a mean fruit yield of 425.77 q/ha, exhibiting 25.47, 20.90, 24.33, 25.69 and 32.00% higher fruit yield in whole Gujarat while evaluating under PET, SSVT and LSVT. Based on mean fruit yield data, Anand raj (513.18q/ha) exhibited 26.88, 31.65, 47.55, 35.76 and 32.00 higher fruit yield at Anand during the kharif season compared to the controls GAOB 2, GNRB 1, GRB 5, Swarna Mani Black and GOB 1, respectively. Fruits of this variety have Strong Fruit: Glossiness at harvest maturity and shows lower susceptibility to diseases and pests. This variety presents a promising option for middle Gujarat, offering improved yields and market preference.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"14 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Functional and Financial Performance: A Study on Selected Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Sasikanth R, Ravichandran S","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82280","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study conducts a meticulous evaluation of the functional and financial performances of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Tamil Nadu, unveiling insights into their functional dynamics and assessing their economic sustainability \u0000Research Gap: In the limited literature on FPOs, the focus predominantly revolves around income and turnover metrics. This highlights a notable absence of comprehensive evaluation methods, emphasizing the need for thorough assessments of FPO performance. Additionally, there is a scarcity of studies specifically addressing the financial performance of selected FPOs in distinct regions. \u0000Study Location: The study is geographically focused on Tamil Nadu, with a specific emphasis on Farmer Producer Organizations specializing in millet and oilseed. \u0000Sample Size: The study encompasses thirty FPOs, with 15 focusing on millet and another 15 specializing in oilseed. \u0000Data Collection: A meticulous process, including stakeholder discussions and quantitative analyses, was employed to create a performance rating tool for FPOs. Adapted from GIZ India's 2020 tool for functional measures, this approach ensures standardized scoring. \u0000Data Analysis: Ratio analysis was employed to analyze the financial performance of the selected FPOs. \u0000Conclusion: FPOs in millet and oilseed clusters received positive scores due to strong governance, compliance, member engagement and efficient operations. Most millet-based FPOs have healthy short-term finances, but three face liquidity issues. Similarly, in the oilseed cluster, most FPOs fare well in the short term, except for one with liquidity concerns. To ensure sustainability, strategies should focus on financial ratio optimization, debt management and improving profit margins and Earnings per share.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"47 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) on Some Selected Agro-Based Waste Extracts Media under In vitro Conditions","authors":"Sruthi G, Prameela M, Vidya Sagar B, A. J.","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82281","url":null,"abstract":"Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), known for growing on decaying deciduous trees, are particularly notable for their health benefits. In Telangana state, the climate and agricultural waste provide optimal conditions for mushroom cultivation, which can boost the local economy and nutrition. The present investigation was taken up in Completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 3 replications to evaluate the performance of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) on seventeen different agro-based waste extract media and maintained at two different temperatures viz., 20°C and 24°C under in vitro conditions. Results revealed that at 20°C, the maximum mycelium growth of L. edodes was recorded in treatment T 17 (PDA) (75.33 mm, 90.00 mm) on 7 DAI (Days After Inoculation) and 14 DAI respectively, while minimum mycelium growth was recorded in T 8 (Sawdust + Paddy Straw) (22.00 mm, 35.00 mm). Similarly at 24°C treatment T 17 (PDA) and T 12 (Eucalyptus Bark + Wheat Grains and Sorghum Grains) recorded the maximum mycelium growth (90.00 mm, 90.00 mm) and T 8 (Sawdust + Paddy Straw) recorded minimum mycelium growth (30.33 mm, 42.97 mm) on 7 DAI and 14 DAI respectively. The Principal Component Analysis of recorded values of the mycelial growth was shown in the form of eigen values, the highest eigen values were recorded for L. edodes mycelial growth on 7 DAI and 14 DAI at 24°C indicating the significant influence of temperature and media.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Vegetative Growth of Calendula officinalis L. (cv. Calypso Orange)","authors":"Navdeep Kaur, Jujhar Singh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82282","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out at the laboratory of floriculture and experimental farm of Mata Gujri college, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 i.e., Sodium azide @1500ppm, T2 i.e., Sodium azide @2500ppm, T3 i.e., Sodium azide @3500ppm, T4 i.e., Sodium azide @4500ppm, T5 i.e., Diethyl sulphate @1500ppm, T6 i.e., Diethyl sulphate @2500ppm, T7 i.e., Diethyl sulphate @3500ppm, T8 i.e., Diethyl sulphate @4500ppm and T9 i.e., control. Observations were recorded for vegetative among all treatments maximum plant height (24.84cm), number of leaves per stem (8.95), number of stems per plant (7.48), stem length (22.85cm), leaf length (9.48cm), plant spread (24.89cm2) and diameter of main stem (9.39mm) were found maximum in T1 i.e., Sodium azide @1500ppm. Best vegetative parameters were recorded in Sodium azide @1500ppm Therefore, Sodium azide @1500ppm is best dosage for Calendula officinalis cv. Calypso orange. From the present study it can be concluded that the lowest concentration of Sodium Azide (1500ppm) reported the best performance of vegetative parameters such as plant height, number of leaves per stem, number of stems per plant, stem length, leaf length, plant spread, and diameter of main stem. From the results, it can be concluded that Sodium Azide @1500ppm is best dosage for Calendula officinalis cv. Calypso orange.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"44 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Mating Systems on Trait Associations in Segregating Populations of Maize (Zea mays L.) Double Cross","authors":"P. B. Priya, T. Pradeep, K. Sumalini, D. Vishnuvardhan Reddy","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82277","url":null,"abstract":"In the present challenging scenario of climate change, it is essential to breed maize cultivars that withstand stress especially abiotic stresses in a broader sense. Diversification of existing germplasm is invariable to harness the actual potential of maize hybrids which are bred for specific agroecosystems. Double crosses interact less with environment compared to single crosses and their broad parentage enables better performance under varied situations of cultivation. In the present study, impact of mating systems ie., self pollination, sib mating and open pollination was studied in a high yielding double cross of maize so as to identify robust and diverse recombinants. The double cross, (BML-32 x BML-6) x (BML-10 x BML-7) was imposed with the three types of mating systems for three consecutive seasons and the resultant S3 (F4) populations were evaluated for trait interrelationssips. It was observed that sib mating established stronger and highest number of positive correlations with seven and twelve additional positive correlations than self and open pollinations respectively among the yield and its attributing traits in its progenies. Therefore deploying sib mating cycles during line development may result in more effective selection processes. Results of path analysis, however, did not significantly vary with the mating type though sib mating showed lowest residual effect.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability and Character Association Studies on Yield Attributing and Grain Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Greeshma Vallala, J. Kumar, Y. C. Mohan, Santosha Rathod","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82278","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present investigation was undertaken with 49 genotypes to study variability and genetic parameters in addition to character association and path effects of yield, yield attributing and quality traits. \u0000Design: Simple lattice design with two replications. \u0000Place of study: Forty-nine genotypes were sown at IIRR Farm at ICRISAT, Hyderabad during Kharif season 2023. \u0000Methodology: The data was collected for all the genotypes and evaluated for variability, correlation and path coefficient studies. \u0000Results: High range of variation and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean was recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, productive tillers plant-1, test weight, LB ratio, water uptake, kernel length after cooking, zinc content and iron content. Correlation revealed that the grain yield was positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, productive tillers plant-1, LB ratio and iron content, meanwhile plant height, test weight, head rice recovery, kernel length, kernel breadth, water uptake, volume expansion ratio, amylose content, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio and zinc content were found to be negatively correlated. Path analysis identified that iron content exerted the highest direct positive effect on grain yield plant-1 followed by kernel length and productive tillers plant-1, indicating that selection for these characters is likely to bring about on overall improvement in grain yield directly. \u0000Conclusion: The study found adequate genetic variability, with high heritability and additive gene action in certain traits. The prime selection indices include days to 50% flowering, productive tillers plant-1, LB ratio, kernel length, and iron content. These parameters should be given priority in rice breeding programs for high grain yield and quality traits.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Siderophore Production in Bacillus subtilis to Enhance Seed Germination and Biocontrol Efficacy against Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana","authors":"Neha Saini, Vindhya Bundela, Shivani Singh, M. Sahgal, Ajay Veer Singh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82251","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bacillus subtilis (UP11) is a gram-positive, plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacterium (PGPR) isolated from the wheat rhizosphere. This bacterium produces siderophore, are low-molecular-weight, high-affinity molecules produced under iron-limiting conditions. This study aimed to optimize culture conditions for siderophore production and investigate the antagonistic activity against foliar blight pathogens. \u0000Work: The present study optimized the culture conditions for maximum siderophore production by evaluating various factors. The optimum pH for siderophore production was pH 7, yielding a maximum siderophore unit of 62.95%. Mannitol was identified as the best carbon source (59.14%), and ammonium nitrate as the best nitrogen source (63.04%). The presence of heavy metal Pb(NO₃)₂ in the succinate broth led to the highest yield (61.36%). The optimal iron concentration for siderophore production was determined to be 50 μM. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was used to investigate these parameters and their effects. \u0000Result: The optimized siderophore was partially purified using ethyl acetate extraction. This extract exhibited significant mycelial fungal inhibition, with 59.64% and 50.88% inhibition against Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana, respectively. The filtrate was also tested for its germination potential, demonstrating its dual role as a biocontrol and plant growth-promoter. The filtrate enhanced the percentage of germination, root and shoot length. \u0000Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Bacillus subtilis (UP11) can produce substantial quantities of siderophores, which exhibit potent antagonistic activity against foliar blight pathogens and promote plant growth. This study holds promise for advancing the development of novel biological control agents, offering the dual benefits of disease control and plant growth promotion. \u0000 \u0000Siderophore producing bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) shows both antifungal and plant growth promoting activity.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"78 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}