Developmental Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum using gyrencephalic ferrets.","authors":"Kengo Saito, Narufumi Kameya, Nguyen Tai, Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike, Yohei Shinmyo, Hiroshi Kawasaki","doi":"10.1159/000546646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian cerebrum has changed substantially during evolution. Neurons and glial cells have increased, and the cerebrum has expanded and folded. Although these evolutionary changes are believed to be important for acquiring higher cognitive functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum are not fully understood. This is partially due to the difficulty in analyzing these mechanisms using only mice. To overcome this limitation, we developed genetic manipulation techniques for the cerebrum of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets. Gene knockout in the ferret cerebrum was achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review highlights recent research from our lab and others on the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of cortical folds using ferrets.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neocortex folding in primates up to human - evolution and mechanisms.","authors":"Katherine R Long, Wieland B Huttner, Takashi Namba","doi":"10.1159/000547228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folding of the neocortex is a fundamental feature of brain development in many mammalian species, notably in most non-human primates and in particular in human. Cortical folding is thought to allow fitting a larger cortical surface area, with a greater number of neurons, into the limited size of the cranial cavity. Here, we review the following key topics related to cortical folding. We first discuss principles of cortical folding and dissect the factors contributing to the mechanical asymmetry that is thought to have a key role in folding. We then address the evolution of cortical folding and discuss the two principal types of folding, the conserved folding and the evolved folding, and the roles of neuron production vs. neuron migration in these two types. We then sequentially review human models, animal models and computational models of cortical folding. This includes a discussion of human malformations of cortical folding, the potential of cerebral organoids to study folding, the power of the ferret model to dissect mechanisms of cortical folding, and the use of computational models to make predictions about cortical folding. Finally, we address future perspectives of folding research and outline directions that research may take.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Hours of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Has a Neuroprotective Effect Even in Piglets with Delayed Functional Recovery.","authors":"Eri Inoue, Shinji Nakamura, Yuichiro Sugiyama, Toui Tsuchiya, Yasuhiro Nakao, Tsutomu Mitsuie, Takayuki Yokota, Kosuke Sakamoto, Kota Inoue, Yinmon Htun, Aya Morimoto, Kenichi Ohta, Hirosuke Morita, Sonoko Kondo, Kosuke Koyano, Aya Tanaka, Takanori Miki, Masaki Ueno, Takashi Kusaka","doi":"10.1159/000546831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Combined therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and 24-h hydrogen (H2) gas inhalation reduces seizure burden in piglets in the latent phase of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury versus TH alone. Nevertheless, the effects of H2 gas in the earliest phase following resuscitation were unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After HI insult, 17 piglets ≤ 24 h old were divided into a HI insult group (HI, n = 8) and a HI and H2 gas group (HI-H2, 2.1%-2.7% H2 gas, 6 h, n = 9). Time to recovery to a normal amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram background (RT-aEEG) was examined for 6 h after HI insult and undamaged neurons were counted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of low-amplitude (<5 μV) EEG after insult was not different between the two groups. Undamaged neuron numbers were significantly higher in the HI-H2 group than in the HI group (p < 0.01), although RT-aEEG was not different.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Six hours of H2 gas inhalation initiated from resuscitation significantly increased the number of undamaged neurons compared to the untreated group, although there was no difference in RT-aEEG. Six hours of hydrogen gas inhalation exerts a neuroprotective effect even in piglets with delayed functional recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRUNK CONTROL BALANCE AND UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION IN AMBULATORY CHILDREN WITH DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.","authors":"Burcin Ugur Tosun, Ozge Gokalp, Gulhan Yilmaz Gokmen, Emine Handan Tuzun","doi":"10.1159/000547129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate trunk control, balance, and upper extremity skills quality in ambulatory children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)-I and -II, as well as to compare the GMFCS groups among themselves and with healthy children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five children with spastic diplegic CP (11.80 ± 2.66 years) and 30 healthy children (13.57 ± 3.48 years) were included. Functional levels were classified with the GMFCS, with 13 children classified as GMFCS-I and 12 as GMFCS-II, while trunk control was assessed with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), balance with the Single-Leg Stance and Four Square Step Tests, and upper extremity functionality with the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, or gender distribution between the CP and control groups (p > 0.05). The healthy group outperformed both CP groups in all clinical evaluations. No significant differences were found between GMFCS-I and GMFCS-II groups in the Single-Leg Stance Test, Four Square Step Test, and QUEST parameters (p > 0.05). However, TCMS subdomains-static sitting (p = 0.009), dynamic reaching (p = 0.018), selective movement control (p = 0.012), and total scores (p = 0.006) were significantly higher in the GMFCS-I group. A moderate positive correlation and a 54% regression rate were observed between the QUEST and TCMS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trunk control is a key determinant of upper extremity skill quality in children with CP. Core stabilization should be prioritized to improve upper extremity functionality and manage disability levels effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the typical development of the central sulcus in infancy: A longitudinal evaluation of its morphology and link to behaviour.","authors":"Amaia Dornier, Alexia Gérard, Yann Leprince, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Jean-François Mangin, Marianne Barbu-Roth, Jessica Dubois, Dollyane Muret","doi":"10.1159/000546958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The progressive folding of the cortex is an important feature of neurodevelopment starting around the 14th week of gestation. The central sulcus (CS) is one of the first to fold. Since it represents the anatomical boundary between primary somatosensory and motor functional regions, its developing morphology may inform on the acquisition of sensorimotor skills. We aimed to identify potential asynchronous morphological changes along the CS during infancy, with the hypothesis that this may reflect the differential onset in the emergence of motor milestones across body parts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on 3T anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dedicated post-processing, we characterized the evolution in CS depth and curvature, along with their respective interhemispheric asymmetries in 33 typical infants (aged 1 and 3 months, 22 with longitudinal data) in relation to 23 young adults as a reference. Four regions of interest (ROIs) along the CS, supposed to correspond to different parts of the body and one centred on the hand knob (HK), were reproducibly examined and compared across groups. We also explored the relationship between the age-related changes in morphological features and the global motor scaled scores evaluated at 3 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No interhemispheric asymmetry in CS depth and curvature was observed. While all ROIs showed significant increases in CS depth and curvature between 3-month-olds and adults, the results were more variable between 1 and 3 months of age depending on cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The central-medial and central-lateral regions showed the most consistent increase in depth. Besides, motor development at 3 months of age was not significantly related to CS morphological changes, but a positive trend was observed for depth changes in the (HK-related) central-medial ROI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid evolution of CS folding during infancy may reflect the intense but asynchronous maturation of the brain sensorimotor system, with the differential growth of cortical areas related to body parts and underlying white matter connections. Although it will have to be replicated on larger groups and at other ages, this longitudinal and multimodal study highlights the potential of characterizing CS features as key markers of early sensorimotor development, both at the cerebral and behavioural levels. Combining anatomical and functional neuroimaging could provide deeper insights into the relationship between CS morphology and somatotopic organization in typical infants, but also in infants at risk of developing motor disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECM Mechanics in Central Nervous System Morphogenesis.","authors":"Alessandra Gentile, Katerina Stavropoulou, Katherine R Long","doi":"10.1159/000546414","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morphogenesis is crucial to shape tissues and embryos during development and results from a combination of gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and mechanical forces. The roles of gene regulation, biochemical signalling, and cell-generated forces have been extensively studied, but little is known about the active role of the ECM and the contribution of extracellular forces in shaping tissues.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we focus on the recent growing evidence of the direct role of the ECM and mechanics in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neural tissues it contains. In particular, we review the different ECM components present in CNS morphogenesis, focusing on those that contribute to its mechanical properties. Furthermore, we discuss how the ECM is regulated during morphogenesis, the extracellular forces that influence the shape of developing tissues, and the new advances in the technologies to study their properties and regulation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>We emphasize the instructive role of the ECM in the morphogenesis of complex tissues, moving beyond the traditional view of a passive substrate. We uncover areas where novel insights could help in bridging existing knowledge gaps, allowing us to better understand development and identify factors involved in developmental malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Progression of Inhibitory Control and Flexible Problem-solving Among Infants with Histories of Preterm Birth.","authors":"Srishti Jayakumar, Ezequiel Ramos, Kathryn A Carson, Krysten Garcia, Katherine M Raja, Natasha N Ludwig, Ananya Sarkar, Lauren L Jantzie, Shenandoah Robinson, Marilee C Allen, V Joann Burton, Gwendolyn Gerner","doi":"10.1159/000546746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546746","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Inhibitory control during visually guided reaching allows for the development of flexible problem-solving in healthy infants born at term. Inhibitory control is often impaired among older children born preterm, but the developmental trajectory of inhibitory control in infants born preterm is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental trajectory of inhibitory control on the Object Retrieval Task in infants born preterm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a cross-sectional study including a convenience sample of infants born preterm (less than 37 weeks), who were evaluated at corrected ages 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-15, and 16-18 months. Children born preterm with additional diagnoses of congenital anomalies, known genetic disorders, focal stroke, neoplasm, or maternal HIV exposure, or children in the care of the state were excluded. Children in each of the age groups were asked to retrieve a toy from a Plexiglas box with an opening on one side. The orientation of the opening was rotated over three trials, and the visually guided reach patterns were scored based on methods used by Diamond. Visually guided reach patterns ranged from perseverative hitting of the box to immediately reaching through the box opening. Analysis consisted of Fischer's exact tests to compare categorical measures, Jonckheere-Terpstra tests to compared ordinal measures, F-test from general linear models to compare continuous measures and ordinal logistic regression to assess the association between brain injury and reach patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The majority of infants born preterm in corrected age groups of 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10 months perseveratively hit the box regardless of the orientation of the opening. This pattern of predominant immature visually guided reaching persisted at 12 months corrected age in this cohort of infants born preterm, with 75% participants demonstrating an immature reach with the box opening at the front and to the left, and 88% demonstrating this with the box opening to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In this cohort of preterm infants, developmental progression of inhibitory control and progression of visually guided reaching did not follow the same developmental trajectory observed in full term typically developing infants previously documented by Diamond (1994). While 100% of typically developing infants born term in Diamond's cohort demonstrated inhibitory control and mature visually guided reach patterns by age 12 months, 75% of participants in our cohort of infants born preterm continued to demonstrate a predominance of immature visually guided reach patterns. This study demonstrates identification of early impairments in inhibitory control using a resource-conscious, low-cost and brief neurobehavioral assessment tool. This provides a window for early interventions to limit problems in executive dysfunction at school age and beyond.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitors in the ferret hippocampus following neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure.","authors":"Sawada K, Kamiya S","doi":"10.1159/000546709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in innate immunity and is used in animal models of maternal immune activation. The current study attempted to clarify the effect of LPS exposure on the dentate gyrus progenitors in ferret neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LPS was administered subcutaneously at 500 μg/g of body weight to ferrets on postnatal days 6 and 7. Animals were injected intraperitonially with BrdU simultaneously with a second LPS injection to label the proliferating cells following LPS exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hours after BrdU injection, a significantly greater density of BrdU-labeled cells was observed in the hilus of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in LPS-exposed ferrets than in that of the controls. The majority of BrdU-labeled cells were Sox2 immunopositive in either the granular/subgranular layers or hilus in both groups. The percentages of BLBP (a marker of adult-type dentate gyrus progenitors), S100 (a marker of glial cells), and cleaved caspase 3 (a marker of apoptosis) were significantly lower in the granular/subgranular layers and/or hilus of LPS-exposed ferrets than in those of the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that LPS promotes the proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitors. LPS may further act on the post-proliferative dentate gyrus progenitors to sustain their embryonic-type characteristics by preventing their transitions into the BLBP-expressing adult-type and/or S100-expressing glial cell lineages and by inhibiting programmed cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chorioamnionitis Induces a Unique Time Course of Inflammatory Changes and Immune Reponses in the Brain and Spleen.","authors":"Maide Ozen, Alexandria Vergara, Yuma Kitase, Balaji Vijayakumar, Aidan Perales, Shenandoah Robinson, Lauren L Jantzie","doi":"10.1159/000546624","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory oxidative microenvironments can alter heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) homeostasis. Dysregulation of HO-1 favors proinflammatory signals, while transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) regulates anti-inflammatory signal transduction. Previously, we have shown that chorioamnionitis (CHORIO) induces sustained elevations in HO-1/TfR1 at postnatal day (P)2 and mononuclear cell-driven inflammation at term age equivalent P7. Here, we hypothesized that an altered HO-1/TfR1 developmental time course would coincide with inflammatory/immune signal changes in the brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To induce CHORIO in rats, we performed a laparotomy followed by bilateral transient uterine artery occlusion and intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at E18. The control group received laparotomy only with equivalent duration of anesthesia. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (MECI), and flow cytometry (FC) to study changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression, immune cell secretome, and immune cells at critical and clinically relevant timepoints following CHORIO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found an acute reduction in anti-inflammatory signals in the cortex on embryonic day (E)19. This was followed by an increased proinflammatory signature on postnatal day (P)2. There were also significant alterations in the phenotypic distribution of splenic T cells on P7, a key organ in immune function. Furthermore, we showed that the microenvironment of the cortex at P21 was skewed toward a proinflammatory state by significant increases in IL-6. The prominence of T-helper cells (Th) in brain concomitant with a proinflammatory state at P21 suggests emerging inflammation and potential for neural injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Defining how these and other inflammatory/immune signatures contribute to perinatal brain injury and investigating distinct immune signatures at more developmental time courses will be beneficial for targeting emerging therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Expression in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Effects of Methamphetamine Exposure.","authors":"Lauren K Carrica, Joshua M Gulley","doi":"10.1159/000546689","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Repeated use of methamphetamine (METH) is known to dysregulate the dopaminergic system and induce long-lasting changes in behavior, which may be influenced by sex and age of exposure. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of catecholamines, and its role in dopamine clearance is thought to be especially important in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) where dopamine transporter expression is relatively scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The first study in this report utilized a rat model to characterize the ontogeny of COMT protein expression in the PFC and nucleus accumbens (NAc) across adolescence, which is a developmental stage that has been shown to involve significant reorganization of dopaminergic innervation. Drug-naïve male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed on postnatal day (P) 29, 39, 49, or 69, and expression levels of COMT protein within the PFC and NAc were analyzed via Western blot. A separate group of rats were injected daily from P40 to P48 (adolescence) or P70 to P78 (adulthood) with saline or 3.0 mg/kg METH and sacrificed on P49 or P79.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that COMT expression in the PFC increases across adolescence in a sex-dependent manner but does not significantly change in the NAc during this timeframe. While METH decreased COMT in adult rats of both sexes, METH increased COMT expression in the PFC of rats exposed in adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this work suggest that exposure to METH during adolescence uniquely effects dopamine clearance within the PFC, potentially contributing to differences in neurobiological outcomes from METH use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50585,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}