Economics & Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Mother’s age at marriage and gender-differential in child schooling: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Sumeet Ashok ,&nbsp;Mazhar Mughal ,&nbsp;Rashid Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we provide empirical evidence in support of intergenerational effects of women’s marriage age on girl-specific child education outcomes using a nationally representative household survey of 24,809 households from Pakistan. Our key findings are four-fold: First, we find that mother’s age at marriage has no girl-specific impact on the education of children of school going age in terms of school enrolment, type of school (public/private) or education expenditure. However, there is a positive effect of delaying mother’s marriage on girls in terms of relative grade progression and primary school attainment, implying that late-marrying mothers are more likely to transfer their human capital advantages/disadvantages to the daughters. Second, the impact does not depend on whether the child is firstborn or later-order, youngest child or with no siblings. Sex of the previous child does not affect the relationship either. Third, the beneficial impact of mother’s marriage age on girls’ education is visible only in the cohort of women who got married in 2000 or later. Fourth, father’s marriage age is significantly associated with an increase in daughters’ school enrolment and primary completion. The impact of smaller spousal age difference is also positive. These findings are robust to the use of empirical strategies and specifications that address potential endogeneity, collider bias, recall bias, sample selection and confounding factors. These findings suggest that delay in women’s marriage is helping to narrow down gender disparities in education. The findings underscore the need to promote social and behavioural changes that encourage later marriages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000571/pdfft?md5=368fd648b9ac45bc5a930a4afb64ded4&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X24000571-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel poverty and mental health in a COVID-19 context","authors":"Dorothée Charlier,&nbsp;Bérangère Legendre","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fuel poverty is a widespread problem which affects people's health and has serious economic and social repercussions. Mental health has been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and appears to be particularly influenced by fuel poverty. We analyze this relationship while highlighting the unequal vulnerability of individuals in the population. We first built a novel database of 4194 representative observations of the French adult population. We then used a conditional mixed-process model to quantify the causal effect of fuel poverty on mental health using instrumental variables to overcome potential endogeneity. We prove the robustness of this causal effect by providing different sensitivity tests. Our results show that being fuel poor decreases the mental health score by 6.3 points out of 100. Fuel poverty also increases the depression score by 5.35 points, the anxiety score by 6.48 points, and decreases the social health score by 6.82 points. Our results show that tackling energy poverty can lead to positive spillover effects to improve mental health. Mitigation policies to provide energy-efficient housing should also become a priority to address climatic and economic hazards in the long term because they imply co-benefits in health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X2400056X/pdfft?md5=d47f8213a9055e9acdfc740042bcae20&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X2400056X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining adverse cholesterol levels and distinct gender patterns in an Indonesian population compared with the U.S.","authors":"Ralph Lawton ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Frankenberg ,&nbsp;Teresa Seeman ,&nbsp;Arun Karlamangla ,&nbsp;Cecep Sumantri ,&nbsp;Duncan Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular disease is among the most common causes of death around the world. As rising incomes in low and middle-income countries are accompanied by increased obesity, the burden of disease shifts towards non-communicable diseases, and lower-income settings make up a growing share of cardiovascular disease deaths. Comparative investigation of the roles of body composition, behavioral and socioeconomic factors across countries can shed light on both the biological and social drivers of cardiovascular disease more broadly. Comparing rigorously-validated measures of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol among adults in the United States and in Aceh, Indonesia, we show that Indonesians present with adverse cholesterol biomarkers relative to Americans, despite being younger and having lower body mass index. Adjusting for age, the gaps increase. Body composition, behaviors, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that affect cholesterol do not explain between-country HDL differences, but do explain non-HDL differences, after accounting for medication use. On average, gender differences are inconsistent across the two countries and persist after controlling observed characteristics. Leveraging the richness of the Indonesian data to draw comparisons of males and females within the same household, the gender gaps among Indonesians are not explained for HDL cholesterol but attenuated substantially for non-HDL cholesterol. This finding suggests that unmeasured household resources play an important role in determining non-HDL cholesterol. More generally, they appear to be affected by social and biological forces in complex ways that differ across countries and potentially operate differently for HDL and non-HDL biomarkers. These results point to the value of rigorous comparative studies to advance understanding of cardiovascular risks across the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000558/pdfft?md5=83b42321ed699da1cc024ddbcf5f09b8&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X24000558-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family poverty and adolescents’ cognitive and noncognitive outcomes: Evidence from China","authors":"Jiwei Chen,&nbsp;Zongli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) during the 2013–2014 academic year, this paper examines the effects of family poverty on adolescents’ cognitive and noncognitive outcomes. We find that family poverty is detrimental to adolescent development. Children from poor families have poorer academic performance and noncognitive abilities. We also find that the negative effects of family poverty are more pronounced among children with urban <em>hukou</em>, boys, and children from one-child families. Furthermore, we find that there are multiple channels behind the estimated effects, including parental educational expectations, parental education investments, and parent-child relationship. This paper opens up the “black box” of family poverty affecting children’s development, which can provide reference for governments to design measures aimed at eliminating poverty trap.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature exposure and sleep duration: Evidence from time use surveys","authors":"Tamás Hajdu","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Earth’s climate is projected to warm significantly in the 21st century, and this will affect human societies in many ways. Since sleep is a basic human need and part of everyone's life, the question of how temperature affects human sleep naturally arises. This paper examines the effect of daily mean temperature on sleep duration using nationally representative Hungarian time use surveys between 1976 and 2010. Compared to a day with an average temperature of 5–10 °C, colder temperatures do not influence sleep duration. However, as daily mean temperatures rise, sleep duration starts to strongly decline. The effect of a hot (&gt;25 °C) day is −13.3 minutes, but if preceded by a few other hot days, the effect is even stronger, −24.7 minutes. The estimated sleep loss is especially large on weekends and public holidays, for older individuals, and men. Combining the estimated effects with temperature projections of twenty-four climate models shows that the warming climate will substantially decrease sleep duration. The projected impacts are especially large when taking into account the effects of heatwave days. This study also shows that different groups in society are likely to be affected in significantly different ways by a warming climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000534/pdfft?md5=fa5afc6f14269d034423ef70a0f8d9b6&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X24000534-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did the European Marriage Pattern persist? Social versus familial inheritance: England and Quebec, 1650–1850","authors":"Gregory Clark ,&nbsp;Neil Cummins ,&nbsp;Matthew Curtis","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European Marriage Pattern (EMP), in place in NW Europe for perhaps 500 years, substantially limited fertility. But how could such limitation persist when some individuals who deviated from the EMP norm had more children? If their children inherited their deviant behaviors, their descendants would quickly become the majority of later generations. This puzzle has two possible solutions. The first is that all those that deviated actually had lower net fertility over multiple generations. We show, however, no fertility penalty to future generations from higher initial fertility. Instead the EMP survived because even though the EMP persisted at the social level, children did not inherit their parents’ individual fertility choices. In the paper we show evidence consistent with lateral, as opposed to vertical, transmission of EMP fertility behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000352/pdfft?md5=833261af3a0773f71f1fc00cc21b112f&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X24000352-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestiges of famine: Long-term mortality impacts of early-life exposure to the 1840s famine in Estonia","authors":"Kersti Lust ,&nbsp;Hannaliis Jaadla","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates whether exposure to a famine in the Russian Tsarist Province of Livland in 1844–1846 in early life negatively affected survival at later ages, using individual data from two rural parishes. We follow 18 birth cohorts born between 1834–1852 until age 75 and differentiate between timing and length of exposures. We find that relative to individuals born in pre- or post- crisis years, there were no significant differences in survival from age 21–75. Cohorts with longer exposure to famine conditions had increased mortality only in short term, up to age 20. Males were more vulnerable in younger ages than females. The negative effect of adverse early life exposure on survival in later life was constrained to lower social group – the landless, but for the better-off groups the effect was constrained to younger ages. The paper highlights the importance of accounting for sex and socio-economic differences in studies exploring the effects of early life conditions on later-life survival.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cash transfers and mental health in Egypt","authors":"Hoda El-Enbaby ,&nbsp;Bruce Hollingsworth ,&nbsp;Jean-François Maystadt ,&nbsp;Saurabh Singhal","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between poverty and mental health is complex. Conditional cash transfers are seen as an important policy tool in reducing poverty and fostering social protection. Evidence on the impact of cash transfers on mental health is mixed. In this study, we assess the causal impact of Egypt’s conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme Takaful on the main recipients’ mental health. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that receiving the Takaful CCT does not have a significant impact on the anxiety levels of mothers in our sample. In addition, we do not find supporting evidence that the programme has heterogeneous impacts on anxiety levels. We discuss possible explanations behind these null results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000480/pdfft?md5=4b7064ee0f1074a0d39b9b43009a4e22&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X24000480-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141033923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High times and troubled relationships: Recreational marijuana laws and intimate partner violence","authors":"Michele Baggio ,&nbsp;Alberto Chong ,&nbsp;Revathy Suryanarayana","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the relationship between Recreational Marijuana Laws (RMLs) and intimate partner violence (IPV). While marijuana is often considered harmless, the existing medical literature reveals both positive and negative impacts of its active ingredient on brain function. Utilizing a difference-in-difference methodology spanning 2006–2016 across 39 states, we find that RMLs produce a 20 percent increase in IPV incidents per 100,000 individuals, which appears to be mediated through mental health issues and binge drinking. These findings highlight the likely need for preventive and proactive policies to address the complex interplay of marijuana, RMLs, and IPV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of excess body weight on employment outcomes: A systematic review of the evidence","authors":"Viktorija Kesaite ,&nbsp;Jane Greve","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Excess body weight has been recognised as an important factor in influencing labour market outcomes. Several hypotheses explain the causal effect of excess body weight on employment outcomes, including productivity, labour supply, and discrimination. In this review, we provide a systematic synthesis of the evidence on the causal impact of excess body weight on labour market outcomes worldwide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Econ Lit, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published from 1st Jan 2010–20 th Jan 2023. Studies were included if they were either longitudinal analysis, pooled cross-sectional or cross-sectional studies if they used instrumental variable methodology based on Mendelian Randomisation. Only studies with measures of body weight and employment outcomes were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The number of potentially relevant studies constituted 4321 hits. A total of 59 studies met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively reviewed by the authors. Most of the included studies were conducted in the USA (N=18), followed by the UK (N=9), Germany (N=6), Finland (N=4), and non-EU countries (N=22). Evidence from the included studies suggests that the effect of excess weight differs by gender, ethnicity, country, and time period. White women with excess weight in the USA, the UK, Germany, Canada, and in the EU (multi-country analyses) are less likely to be employed, and when employed they face lower wages compared to normal weight counterparts. For men there is no effect of excess weight on employment outcomes or the magnitude of the effect is much smaller or even positive in some cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review has shown that despite ample research on the relationship between excess weight and employment status and wages, robust causal evidence of the effects of excess weight on employment outcomes remains scarce and relies significantly on strong statistical and theoretical assumptions. Further research into these relationships outside of USA and Western Europe context is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}