Economics & Human Biology最新文献_第10页

Rational self-medication 合理的自我药疗

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101350

Michael E. Darden , Nicholas W. Papageorge

引用次数: 0

Peer effects in weight-related behaviours of young people: A systematic literature review 青少年体重相关行为中的同伴效应：系统文献综述

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101354

Nathalie Müller , Francesco Fallucchi , Marc Suhrcke

{"title":"Peer effects in weight-related behaviours of young people: A systematic literature review","authors":"Nathalie Müller , Francesco Fallucchi , Marc Suhrcke","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individual preferences and beliefs are perpetually shaped by environmental influences, with peers playing a key role in this dynamic process. Compelling evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies has highlighted the significant impact of peer influence on health-related decisions. This systematic literature review<span><span> critically synthesises findings from 45 studies published between 2011 and 2022, providing a comprehensive understanding of the nature of peer effects on dietary, </span>physical activity and sleep behaviours during youth. The majority of studies indicated that social norms drive directional changes in eating and physical activity. Yet, our analysis revealed a notable gap in exploring alternative mechanisms, including social comparison and social identity, despite their potential relevance. Studies, generally classified as moderate to high quality, predominantly relied on self-reported data, potentially affecting the validity and reliability of measures. Meta-regression analyses suggest a small, but significant association of sample size with the magnitude, sign and significance of the reported peer effects. Moreover, studies focusing on physical activity are more likely to report significant outcomes, whereas findings on peer influence on sleep-related studies tend to reveal less pronounced effects, compared to studies on dietary behaviours. Experimental designs do not appear to increase the likelihood of finding significant effects when compared to other study designs. In conclusion, this synthesis emphasises the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms on peer effects to better inform policy-makers in designing effective policies for improving weight-related behaviours in young people.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The modification of social space as a tool for lowering social stress 将改造社交空间作为减轻社会压力的工具

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101349

Oded Stark

引用次数: 0

The effect of marijuana use in adolescence on college and graduate degree attainment 青少年时期吸食大麻对获得大学和研究生学位的影响

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101347

Aliaksandr A. Amialchuk, Brooke M. Buckingham

引用次数: 0

COVID-19, deaths at home and end-of-life cancer care COVID-19，在家死亡与癌症临终关怀

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101338

Anastasia Arabadzhyan, Katja Grašič, Peter Sivey

{"title":"COVID-19, deaths at home and end-of-life cancer care","authors":"Anastasia Arabadzhyan, Katja Grašič, Peter Sivey","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a period of high excess deaths from cancer at home as opposed to in hospitals or in care homes. In this paper we aim to explore whether healthcare utilisation trajectories of cancer patients in the final months of life during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal any potential unmet healthcare need. We use English hospital records linked to data on all deaths in and out of hospital which identifies the cause and location of death.</p><p>Our analysis shows that during the periods of peak COVID-19 caseload, patients dying of cancer experienced up to 42% less hospital treatment in their final month of life compared to historical controls. We find reductions in end-of-life hospital care for cancer patients dying in hospitals, care homes/hospices and at home, however the effect is amplified by the shift to more patients dying at home. Through the first year of the pandemic in England, we estimate the number of inpatient bed-days for end-of-life cancer patients in their final month reduced by approximately 282,282, or 25%.</p><p>For outpatient appointments in the final month of life we find a reduction in face-to-face appointments and an increase in remote appointments which persists through the pandemic year and is not confined only to the periods of peak COVID-19 caseload.</p><p>Our results suggest reductions in care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to unmet need, and future emergency reorganisations of health care systems must ensure consistent care provision for vulnerable groups such as cancer patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X23001193/pdfft?md5=33817fccd9dee4cff6721931620da290&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X23001193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility and immigration: Do immigrant mothers hand down their fertility pattern to the next generation? Evidence from Norway 生育率与移民：移民母亲会将其生育模式传给下一代吗？挪威的证据

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101339

Jostein Grytten , Irene Skau , Rune Sørensen

{"title":"Fertility and immigration: Do immigrant mothers hand down their fertility pattern to the next generation? Evidence from Norway","authors":"Jostein Grytten , Irene Skau , Rune Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examined whether the fertility pattern of immigrant mothers is handed down to the next generation. Our analyses were carried out on population register data. These data contained information on all immigrants to Norway from 123 countries during the period 1935–1995. We examined whether there was a relationship between the fertility rate in the country of origin and the number of children for generations 1.5 and 2 in Norway. We estimated three models: fixed effects for country of origin, fixed effects for region, and no fixed effects. The three specifications yielded estimates with overlapping confidence intervals. We interpret the estimates from the models with fixed effects for region, and the model with no fixed effects as upper-bound estimates. They show that an increase of 1.00 in the fertility rate in the country of origin leads to an average increase in the number of children of 0.12 (no fixed effects) or 0.14 (fixed effects for region) for immigrant women in generations 1.5 and 2. The estimate from the model with fixed effects for country of origin was small and not statistically significant at the conventional level. We interpret this as a lower-bound estimate. Our upper-bound estimates for generations 1.5 and 2 are smaller than the estimates for generation 1, i.e. there has been a decrease in the fertility rate from the first to the second generation. As a result, if the proportion of the population with an immigrant background continues to increase, it may increase at a slower rate in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X2300120X/pdfft?md5=84c11eec362e946351338984d5659299&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X2300120X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing the mindsets? Education and the intergenerational spread of tolerance for physical violence against women in Zimbabwe 改变观念？津巴布韦的教育与容忍对妇女身体暴力的代际传播。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101345

Marshall Makate , Chamunorwa Nyamuranga

{"title":"Changing the mindsets? Education and the intergenerational spread of tolerance for physical violence against women in Zimbabwe","authors":"Marshall Makate , Chamunorwa Nyamuranga","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the relationship between childhood exposure to interparental violence and adult tolerance for violent beliefs against women. For individuals who have witnessed parental violence in childhood, our analysis suggests a 14.3–15.2 percentage point (pp) increase in tolerance, highlighting the transmission of violent beliefs across generations. Leveraging Zimbabwe’s 1980 education reform as a natural experiment through a regression discontinuity design, we explore the potential of increased education to disrupt this intergenerational transmission. The reform led to an approximately two-year increase in female education, with a more pronounced impact in rural areas. This educational boost is associated with an estimated 4.1–7.9 pp reduction in tolerance for violence, especially among those who witnessed parental violence in childhood. We identify four primary mechanisms contributing to this reduction in tolerance: enhanced access to information, increased help-seeking behaviours, improved labour market outcomes, and higher educational levels among partners. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of educational policies in reducing tolerance for violence against women within low-income contexts such as Zimbabwe, thereby disrupting its intergenerational transmission. Moreover, these results emphasise the potential of education-based interventions in addressing the broader issue of violence against women in low-income countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X23001260/pdfft?md5=4d2fc6fc447557d8b37507a9fc4baa92&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X23001260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital 遭遇伊斯兰恐惧症：欺凌受害风险增加对人力资本的影响

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101344

J. Gabriel Romero-Ciavatto, Serafima Chirkova

{"title":"Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital","authors":"J. Gabriel Romero-Ciavatto, Serafima Chirkova","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use the shock caused by terrorist attacks on the US on September 11, 2001, to study the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to Islamophobia in high-school-aged youths. Our estimates show an immediate sharp increase in rates of identity-based bullying against Arab/Muslim youths relative to youths of other ethnic groups during the years 2001-2003. We also find exposure to Islamophobia increased school dropout rates by 4.11% among US-born male youths of Arab-Muslim origin, which is a large effect from a baseline of 4.6% of school dropout rate in the affected population. In the long term, however, we find no significant effect on educational attainment among the affected population. The data suggest Arab-Muslim male youths born in 1989 were 8.34% more likely to resort to GED tests as a means of obtaining high school credentials after the attacks. We find full-time male workers born in 1984 earn 12.8% less than similar workers who were unexposed to Islamophobia. Moreover, full-time male Arab-Muslim workers born between 1983 and 1985 are between 9% and 12.5% more likely to be in the first quintile of the state-of-residence-year-wage distribution than similar workers who were not exposed to Islamophobia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X23001259/pdfft?md5=39e50001aeca95527e336d9a42c517e7&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X23001259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of international government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic 评估国际政府应对 COVID-19 大流行的有效性

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101353

Héctor López-Mendoza , María A. González-Álvarez , Antonio Montañés

引用次数: 0

Health inequality and health insurance coverage: The United States and China compared 医疗不平等与医疗保险覆盖面：美国与中国的比较

IF 2.5 3区医学

Economics & Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101346

Joan Costa-Font , Frank Cowell , Xuezhu Shi

引用次数: 0