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Effects of font size, stroke, and background on the legibility of Chinese characters in virtual reality for the elderly. 字体大小、笔画和背景对老年人虚拟现实中汉字可读性的影响。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2392798
Yumiao Chen, Gan Huang, Kaixuan Wang
{"title":"Effects of font size, stroke, and background on the legibility of Chinese characters in virtual reality for the elderly.","authors":"Yumiao Chen, Gan Huang, Kaixuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2392798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2392798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the legibility of Chinese characters' font size, text background opacity, and font stroke for the elderly in virtual reality, we recruited old and young participants to conduct experiments with VR and used eye-tracking technology to record the data of task completion time and error rate. After analysis, we concluded that the minimum recognition font size for the elderly is 30 dmm, and the best font size is 60 dmm, which is 20 and 40 dmm for young people. The font style has a significant effect on old people (<i>p</i> = 0.000*). Besides, for font sizes smaller than 20 dmm and bigger than 50 dmm, text with strokes and over 50% semi-transparent backgrounds can improve legibility for the elderly. With a suitable font size, the influence of font style on the elderly is not significant. These conclusions can provide a reference for the elderly-oriented Chinese font design in VR.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A generic approach to developing human factors-quality assessment tools exemplified by the warehouse error prevention tool. 开发人为因素质量评估工具的通用方法，以仓库防错工具为例。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2389287
Azin Setayesh, Michael A Greig, Eric H Grosse, Christoph H Glock, W Patrick Neumann
{"title":"A generic approach to developing human factors-quality assessment tools exemplified by the warehouse error prevention tool.","authors":"Azin Setayesh, Michael A Greig, Eric H Grosse, Christoph H Glock, W Patrick Neumann","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2389287","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2389287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes a generic approach for creating human factors-based assessment tools to enhance operational system quality by reducing errors. The approach was driven by experiences and lessons learned in creating the warehouse error prevention (WEP) tool and other system engineering tools. The generic approach consists of 1) identifying tool objectives, 2) identifying system failure modes, 3) specifying design-related quality risk factors for each failure mode, 4) designing the tool, 5) conducting user evaluations, and 6) validating the tool. The WEP tool exemplifies this approach and identifies human factors related to design flaws associated with quality risk factors in warehouse operations. The WEP tool can be used at the initial stage of design or later for process improvement and training. While this process can be adapted for various contexts, further study is necessary to support the teams in creating tools to identify design-related human factors contributing to quality issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developmental approach of safety in ergonomics/human factors: insights of constructed safety in six work environments. 人体工程学/人为因素中的安全发展方法：对六种工作环境中构建安全的见解。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2390127
Louis Galey, Adelaide Nascimento, Lucie Cuvelier, Vanina Mollo, Marion Albert, Mathilde Brossard, Irène Gaillard, Audrey Marquet, Vincent Boccara, Catherine Delgoulet, Alain Garrigou
{"title":"Developmental approach of safety in ergonomics/human factors: insights of constructed safety in six work environments.","authors":"Louis Galey, Adelaide Nascimento, Lucie Cuvelier, Vanina Mollo, Marion Albert, Mathilde Brossard, Irène Gaillard, Audrey Marquet, Vincent Boccara, Catherine Delgoulet, Alain Garrigou","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2390127","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2390127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article brings together works on the concept of constructed safety in ergonomics, carried out over the last twenty-five years. Firstly, we situate this approach to safety in relation to previously developed existing models (e.g. regulated and managed safety) with regard to the development of activity-centred ergonomics. We then present six research actions in activity-centred ergonomics from a selection of different fields, from small companies to the industry of the future in an international group: public works, hospitals, aeronautical industry, railway transport, agriculture, and chemical industry, in order to describe constructed safety applications. The results highlight that constructed safety is respectively raised by mutual knowledge between workers and management, collective decision making, collective reflexive work on safety rules, spatiotemporal articulation of the different safety sources, knowledge integration on pesticide exposure situations by designers and regulation, social regulation sustaining risk understanding and safety aspect involving a diversity of actors (workers, preventionists, managers, local residents and public authorities). By focusing on the analysis of actual safety practices in real work and real exposure situations, constructed safety aims to account for the way in which safety is deployed on a daily basis to meet production and health objectives. This understanding contributes to the design of safe work systems in a developmental way and to propose an operating model of constructed safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of anteroposterior vibration frequency on the risk of lumbar injury in seated individuals. 前胸振动频率对坐着的人腰部受伤风险的影响。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2391591
Sheng-Jie Tang, Rui-Chun Dong, Xiang Cheng, Yi-Tang Liu, Zong-Liang Wang, Pei-Biao Zhang
{"title":"Effect of anteroposterior vibration frequency on the risk of lumbar injury in seated individuals.","authors":"Sheng-Jie Tang, Rui-Chun Dong, Xiang Cheng, Yi-Tang Liu, Zong-Liang Wang, Pei-Biao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2391591","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2391591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies investigate the impact of anterior-posterior excitation frequency on the time-domain vibrational response and injury risk of the lumbar spine in seated individuals. Firstly, this study utilised a previously developed finite element model of an upright seated human body on a rigid chair without a backrest to investigate the modes that affect the anterior-posterior vibrations of the seated body. Subsequently, transient dynamic analysis was employed to calculate the lumbar spine's time-domain responses (displacement, stress, and pressure) and risk factors under anteroposterior sinusoidal excitation at varying frequencies (1-8 Hz). Modal analysis suggested the frequencies significantly affecting the lumbar spine's vibration were notably at 4.7 Hz and 5.5 Hz. The transient analysis results and risk factor assessment indicated that the lumbar responses were most pronounced at 5 Hz. In addition, risk factor assessment showed that long-term exposure to 8 Hz vibration was associated with a greater risk of lumbar injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Altered trunk-pelvis kinematics during load carriage with a compliant versus a rigid system. 在使用顺应式系统和刚性系统进行负载搬运时，躯干和骨盆的运动学发生了变化。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2390125
Anders Lundervold, Matthew Ellison, Klavs Madsen, Amelie Werkhausen, Hannah Rice
{"title":"Altered trunk-pelvis kinematics during load carriage with a compliant versus a rigid system.","authors":"Anders Lundervold, Matthew Ellison, Klavs Madsen, Amelie Werkhausen, Hannah Rice","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2390125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2024.2390125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Load carriage is a key component of hiking and military activity. The design of the load carriage system (LCS) could influence performance and injury risk. This study aimed to compare a traditional and a compliant LCS during walking and a step-up task to quantify differences in oxygen consumption and trunk-pelvis kinematics. Fourteen participants completed the tasks whilst carrying 16 kg in a rigid and a compliant LCS. There were no differences in oxygen consumption between conditions during either task (<i>p</i> > 0.05). There was significantly greater trunk-pelvis axial rotation (<i>p</i> = 0.041) and lateral flexion (<i>p</i> = 0.001) range of motion when carrying the compliant LCS during walking, and significantly greater trunk-pelvis lateral flexion range of motion during the step-up task (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Carrying 16 kg in a compliant load carriage system results in greater lateral flexion range of motion than a traditional, rigid system, without influencing oxygen uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying resilience: a system safety review of trauma and orthopaedic theatres. 识别复原力：创伤和矫形手术室的系统安全审查。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2343930
Victoria E Wills
{"title":"Identifying resilience: a system safety review of trauma and orthopaedic theatres.","authors":"Victoria E Wills","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2343930","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2343930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A prospective, qualitative study, of trauma and orthopaedic theatres was undertaken using the CARe QI handbook and the SEIPS framework, with the aim of preventing future Never Events. The study demonstrated a new approach, focussed on understanding 'work as done' to identify opportunities to improve system resilience, tested, using the Model for Improvement. Undertaken during the Covid-19 pandemic, it demonstrates that such conditions should not be a deterrent to observational studies, but requiring greater time and resource than a standard investigation, the approach may not align with current organisational or regulatory expectations. At the conclusion of this study, the mean time between Never Events in theatres had increased from 46 to 224 days, an achievement that had not previously been possible using the regulatory required, safety I, investigatory approach. These findings should be used to inform future PSIRF and Never Event Frameworks, to ensure effective systems-based analysis and improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring driving behavioral characteristics in pre-, in-, and post-conflict stages based on car-following trajectory data. 基于汽车行驶轨迹数据，探索冲突前、冲突中和冲突后阶段的驾驶行为特征。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2388696
Dan Wu, Jaeyoung Jay Lee, Ye Li, Jieling Jin
{"title":"Exploring driving behavioral characteristics in pre-, in-, and post-conflict stages based on car-following trajectory data.","authors":"Dan Wu, Jaeyoung Jay Lee, Ye Li, Jieling Jin","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2388696","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2388696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates driving behaviour in different stages of rear-end conflicts using vehicle trajectory data. Three conflict stages (pre-, in-, and post-conflict) are defined based on time-to-collision (TTC) indicator. Four indexes are selected to capture within-group and between-group characteristics of the stages. Besides, this study also examines the prediction performance of conflict stage identification using specific driving behaviour characteristics associated with each stage. Results reveal variations in dominant driving characteristics and predictive importance across stages. Heterogeneity exists within stages, with differences among clusters. Drivers slow down during in-conflict, with decreasing speed reduction as stages progress. Reaction time increases in post-conflict. Insufficient space gaps contribute to rear-end conflicts in the in-conflict stage. Furthermore, the prediction performance of conflict stage identification, based on the specific driving behaviour characteristics associated with each stage, is commendable. This study enhances understanding and prediction of conflict stage identification in rear-end conflicts.<b>Practitioner summary:</b> This study explores driving behaviour in rear-end conflict stages using trajectory data. It identifies pre-, in-, and post-conflict stages via time-to-collision indicator and assesses within-group and between-group characteristics. Besides, prediction performance for conflict stage identification based on these characteristics is commendable. This research enhances understanding and prediction of rear-end conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decision support improves information integration and criterion placement in a multi-cue signal-identification task. 决策支持改进了多线索信号识别任务中的信息整合和标准定位。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2386562
Jason S McCarley, Matthew Knight, Kingsley Fletcher
{"title":"Decision support improves information integration and criterion placement in a multi-cue signal-identification task.","authors":"Jason S McCarley, Matthew Knight, Kingsley Fletcher","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2386562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2024.2386562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying contacts in a military context can require operators to integrate multiple cues and to adjust response criteria to event base rates. The current experiment tested whether support from a decision aid would improve these processes. Participants performed a signal identification task that required them to integrate cues displayed as visual scale readings. In a static condition, participants saw a single set of readings each trial. In dynamic conditions, readings were updated over time. Base rates of signal categories were unequal, requiring participants to adopt biased response criteria to maximise response accuracy. Participants worked with or without an aid that combined cues and base rate information in an ideal manner. Support from the aid pushed participants' response criteria towards optimal and improved integration of dynamic cues. Decision aids may be especially useful when task demands require biased response criteria and when cues are sampled over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Usability of consumer product self-assembly instructions - a historical review of ergonomics research to create an international standard. 消费品自我组装说明的可用性--为制定国际标准而进行的人体工程学研究的历史回顾。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2377699
Gordon Hayward
{"title":"Usability of consumer product self-assembly instructions - a historical review of ergonomics research to create an international standard.","authors":"Gordon Hayward","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2377699","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2377699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selling products in kit form to consumers benefits both manufacturers and consumers - provided the instructions enable the customer to assemble the components correctly and safely. Poor usability of some self-assembly instructions is a continuing cause of consumer complaints- but the subject of only occasional ergonomics research interest. Relevant studies are widely dispersed across the literature - and across decades - but their findings generally agree on what makes some self-assembly illustrations more effective than others. This has just not been consolidated in any formally recognised guidance. This study has produced a comprehensive review of published work on the usability of self-assembly instructions (which need to convey most information pictorially) and makes detailed recommendations for best practice in their presentation. The evidence for the recommended best practices discussed in this paper will be reflected in the publication of an international standard that which is currently in the final drafting stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caring for those who care: key challenges and improvement opportunities for health professionals working with children with disabilities. 关爱受关爱者：从事残疾儿童工作的卫生专业人员面临的主要挑战和改进机会。
IF 2 3区 工程技术
Ergonomics Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2384639
Larissa Corrêa Manoela Manca, Andréa Regina Martins Fontes, Márcia Regina Neves Guimarães, Tiago F A C Sigahi, Patrícia Saltorato, Daniela da Silva Rodrigues, Marina Helena Pereira Vieira, Geraldo Tessarini Júnior, Bruno Cesar Kawasaki
{"title":"Caring for those who care: key challenges and improvement opportunities for health professionals working with children with disabilities.","authors":"Larissa Corrêa Manoela Manca, Andréa Regina Martins Fontes, Márcia Regina Neves Guimarães, Tiago F A C Sigahi, Patrícia Saltorato, Daniela da Silva Rodrigues, Marina Helena Pereira Vieira, Geraldo Tessarini Júnior, Bruno Cesar Kawasaki","doi":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2384639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00140139.2024.2384639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the challenges faced by health professionals working with children with disabilities, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement. Employing a focus group method, the study involved knowledge levelling, discussions, problematization, cause formulation, and validation. A diverse team of ten professionals participated, including physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, nursing technicians, and social workers. Findings reveal organisational inflexibility in appointment scheduling, lack of deadlines affecting case monitoring, and the mental strain of immediate clinical responses. Effective communication and multidisciplinary care emerge as beneficial. Proposed improvements include flexible space utilisation, enhanced room design, structured collaboration training, role clarification, parent partnerships, flexible scheduling, and continuous professional development. This study unveils unique challenges and rewards in the healthcare environment, offering insights into causative factors and practical strategies for enhancing the work of health professionals working with children with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50503,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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