Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Unravelling the Link between Polyphenol Intake and the Risk of Digestive System Cancer: An Umbrella Review Using Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews.","authors":"Arezo Amjadi, Hamid Abbasi, Atefeh Tahavorgar, Mohammadreza Esfahanian, Mahdie Torkaman, Adel Shahrokhi Sardoo, Ali Erfanimanesh, Ali Shamsi-Goushki, Mohammad Esmail Akbari, Barbod Alhouei, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Saeid Doaei","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10027","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digestive system cancers (DSCs) constitute a significant number of cancer cases and are closely associated with modifiable risk factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This umbrella review synthesizes evidence from meta-analyses on the association between dietary polyphenol consumption and the risk of DSCs, addressing limitations in the literature and identifying optimal polyphenol types and doses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science until April 2025, using specific keywords related to polyphenols and DSCs. Eligible studies included meta-analyses that examined polyphenol intake and DSC risk. The quality was assessed via the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE framework. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio, employing random-effects models based on the heterogeneity metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from six meta-analyses, encompassing 27 effect sizes, revealed a statistically significant 11% reduction in the risk of DSCs associated with polyphenol consumption (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85-0.93; I²: 63%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant risk reductions for specific polyphenol classes: flavonols (22%), quercetin (22%), anthocyanidins (16%), flavan-3-ols (12%) and isoflavones (9%). Publication bias was evident, but adjustments using the trim-and-fill method still indicated a 13% overall reduction in risk (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.92; I²: 64%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the protective role of dietary polyphenols against DSCs, particularly flavonols and quercetin, suggesting that further investigations into the optimal intake levels and mechanisms of action are needed. These findings underscore the potential of dietary modification as a strategy for DSC prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Autoimmunity in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.","authors":"Hidayat Y Ogunsola, Sana Malik, Hannah Rogers, Brad D Pearce","doi":"10.1017/erm.2026.10031","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2026.10031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder, characterised by a heterogeneous clinical spectrum including immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This systematic review critically appraises current evidence on autoimmunity in 22q11DS, fulfilling the need for an unbiased and comprehensive synthesis of the current literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library using Boolean combinations of relevant keywords. Qualitative studies, abstracts, conference proceedings and non-English studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 82 peer-reviewed studies published since 1968 were identified. We identified a total of 40 distinct autoimmune conditions involving multiple organ systems. Haematological disorders were most frequently cited, followed by autoimmune thyroid diseases and systemic autoimmune diseases. Less common conditions included coeliac disease, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, Raynaud's phenomenon, and vasculitis, while 19 diseases appeared only as single-case reports. Neuropsychiatric manifestations were addressed in 24 studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our review confirms that autoimmunity is a complication of 22q11DS and highlights the need for epidemiological studies across organ-systems and inclusion of ethnically diverse populations. There was substantial variation in study designs, underscoring the need for more standardised approaches and larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-driven resistance in cervical cancer therapy: from mechanistic dissection to clinical translation.","authors":"Xiaoqi Wu, Dingjie Wang, Xiaodan Mao, BinHua Dong, Yue Wang","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10029","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden. Despite standard-of-care therapies, 30-50% of locally advanced-stage patients develop treatment resistance, leading to recurrence and mortality. While tumour-intrinsic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, cancer-associated fibroblasts) explain only partial resistance heterogeneity, emerging evidence identifies the microbiome as a critical modulator of therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes recent advances demonstrating that vaginal microbial dysbiosis, characterized by <i>Lactobacillus iners</i> enrichment and <i>L. crispatus</i> depletion, drives resistance through lactate-mediated metabolic rewiring, immune checkpoint stabilization and drug metabolism alteration. Longitudinal studies reveal dynamic microbiome trajectories during therapy, with geographic variations (notably HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa) further modulating treatment responses. We critically evaluate microbiome-based interventions, from probiotics to engineered bacteria, including synthetic biology-driven precision microbiome therapies, and establishing standardized multi-centre trial protocols. Bridging mechanistic insights with clinical application represents a paradigm shift towards microbiome-informed cervical cancer management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the monstrosities: experimental and computational systems for studying polyploid giant cancer cells.","authors":"Lakshmi Vineela Nalla, Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10028","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) are a malformed subpopulation of tumor. They play a crucial role in metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. However, the inconsistent model systems and a lack of standardization have hindered mechanistic understanding and clinical translation. This review highlights the pluralistic research for clinical application by methodically analyzing various model systems used in PGCC research to fill the gap in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As of November 2025, scholarly literature gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect focused on examining the development, characteristics, and functional involvement of PGCCs in cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro approaches, although limited in their physiological relevance, enable detailed mechanistic studies and facilitate the screening of drugs. Ex vivo tumor explants and organoids preserve patient-specific traits with translational potential, while in vivo models, such as Drosophila and mouse xenografts, provide insight into PGCC function in complex tissue environments. By mapping model capabilities against PGCC research priorities, we demonstrate that no single system comprehensively recapitulates PGCC biology, necessitating integrated, multi-model experimental strategies that we outline in this study. More specifically, integrating patient-derived organoids with lineage-traced xenografts and single-cell omics enables continuous tracking of PGCC development and functional diversity, facilitating mechanistic studies of metastasis, drug resistance, and identification of clinical biomarkers for patient stratification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the current lack of PGCC-targeted therapies, the convergence of model modification and the development of single-cell and imaging capabilities indicates significant progress toward therapeutically relevant findings. The ongoing development of these models is thus crucial for translating PGCC biology into predictive diagnoses and effective treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyamine metabolism in cancer: drivers of immune evasion, ferroptosis and therapy resistance.","authors":"Sainavya Sree Chenna, Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula, Lakshmi Vineela Nalla","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10026","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are small, positively charged metabolites indispensable for DNA stabilization, chromatin remodelling, RNA translation and redox balance, with dynamic distribution across the nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. In cancer, polyamine homeostasis becomes profoundly dysregulated through altered biosynthesis, degradation and transport, driving malignant phenotypes and therapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop precision techniques that combine polyamine metabolism with immunotherapeutic and redox-based therapies, identify biomarkers to predict therapy response and create logical combination regimens to overcome resistance. The existing literature lacks in providing a holistic view of how polyamine dynamics intersect with diverse cancer hallmarks. Thus, this review consolidates emerging evidence on the multifaceted roles of polyamines in cancer hallmarks, with a particular focus on their impact on efferocytosis, ferroptosis and the dynamics of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary treatment approaches that focus on polyamine metabolism, including transport blockers, biosynthesis inhibitors and various polyamine analogues, was discussed. While addressing context-dependent effects of polyamines that impede therapeutic progress, our discussion also incorporates important findings from pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Going forward, this review aims to enlighten and direct future translational research by situating polyamine biology within the broader context of cancer evolution and treatment adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles: Multimodal Tools for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy in Respiratory Diseases.","authors":"Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10025","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory diseases are increasing global health burden with persistently high morbidity and mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are virtually released by all cell types and carry a variety of molecules like miRNAs, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication. They play a key role in maintaining lung homeostasis and are involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory conditions. Furthermore, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown significant therapeutic potential due to their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and reparative properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review critically assesses the current body of literature on the roles of EVs in respiratory diseases. We examine evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigate EVs as biomarkers and therapeutics for conditions including asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lung cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EVs reflect the physiological or pathological state of their parental cells, making them promising multimodal biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Additionally, MSC-EVs function as effective, cell-free therapeutic agents. In a variety of disease models, they demonstrate efficacy by modulating immune responses, enhancing alveolar fluid clearance, and restoring epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, leading to improved survival and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EVs hold a dual and transformative potential in respiratory medicine. They may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools, and their application as cell-free therapeutics represents a novel and promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of debilitating respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-related cell death and its application in pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Chengchao Wang, Yang Ja, Tiantong Liu, Kai Lin, Longyue Huang, Chaoqun Ren, Shiyu Zhou, Hongwei Sun, Hongru Kong, Zimiao Chen, Shengjie Dai","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10022","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a highly aggressive tumour of the digestive tract, pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and poor treatment outcomes. The five-year survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is distressingly low, and the recurrence chance remains unacceptably high even with successful treatment. Surgical procedures and chemotherapy are the main treatments of pancreatic cancer, and surgical procedures are the only effective treatment at present. However, these cancer cells can easily develop resistance to chemotherapy agents, which leads to low treatment efficacy and high mortality in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is challenging due to the absence of obvious symptoms, making surgical intervention unattainable in early stages. However, pancreatic cancer cells show unique changes at genetic and cellular levels, which makes them sensitive to metalrelated cell death or exhibit some characteristics related to metalrelated cell death. These changes and characteristics could be utilized for treatment and diagnosis in pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Therefore, our motivation is to explain the potential of metalrelated cell death in treating this aggressive cancer. This review begins by analysing the types of metal-related cell death: ferroptosis, cuproptosis and lysozincrosis. Each form is evaluated based on its unique features and related metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By examining the key characteristics of metal-related cell death modalities, their primary metabolic patterns and their interactions with pancreatic cancer, our aim is to point the direction to identify potential therapies and treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our review expands the possibilities for utilizing metal-related cell death and instils hope for its future potential in pancreatic cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new insights of lactate in various kidney diseases.","authors":"Kexin Guan, Yuzhan Zhang, Shuxian Guo, Xiaoxuan Ning, Shiren Sun","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10023","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidneys are crucial for systemic lactate homeostasis, and a proper lactate balance subsequently supports normal kidney structure and function. The physiological lactate production-clearance axis along the proximal-distal tubular network may represent an important mechanism for maintaining tubulointerstitial microenvironmental balance. In the context of kidney diseases, the dynamic changes in lactate levels reveal the process of renal metabolic remodelling and even participate in the regulation of disease occurrence and progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review systematically combs the maintenance of renal lactate homeostasis under physiological conditions and integrates current research findings on the roles of lactate in the initiation and progression of various kidney diseases, as well as the underlying core molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Existing studies confirm that, in a variety of kidney diseases, abnormal lactate levels are closely associated with the occurrence of renal metabolic remodelling, and lactate itself can further regulate the progression of kidney diseases. Targeted regulation of lactate metabolism or lactate-related mechanisms of action is expected to provide a new perspective for the treatment of kidney diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The exploration of lactate-related mechanisms offers potential insights for developing novel strategies for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of kidney diseases; however, more in-depth studies are still required to translate these findings into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12576928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Nadeeka Dimuthu Ranadeva, Praba Jalini Wijekumar, Caroline Anastasia Fernando, Akila Randika Jayamaha, Nafeesa Noordeen, Sureka Chackrewarthy, Neluka Fernando","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10024","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major global-scale social issue affecting public health. The high potential for addiction and dependence makes opioid use a significant concern, contributing to substance-related disorders. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the predisposition to OUD, with the opioidergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems playing primary roles in itsonset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review documents the association between genes and their variants related to these three systems, along with current evidence on epigenetic interventions in OUD. Relevant studies investigating candidate-gene associations and molecular mechanisms were synthesized to highlight genetic variants and epigenetic processes linked to OUD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic associations play a prominent role in OUD, with several single-nucleotide variants identified in affected populations. Key genes implicated include OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, PDYN, OPRL1, and POMC from the opioidergic system; DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, ANKK1, and COMT from the dopaminergic system; and GABRA2, GABRB3, GABRG2, GAD1, and GAD2 from the GABAergic system. Evidence also indicates that chronic opioid use is associated with epigenetic changes through posttranslational histone modifications and DNA methylation. However, limitations in existing studies include small sample sizes, limited replication, and potential stratification biases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although many candidate-gene associations have been proposed for OUD, robust evidence remains limited. Large, ancestrally diverse genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and systematic replication studies are urgently needed. A deeper understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and neurobiological bases of addiction will be essential for the development of precisely targeted medications to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for OUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12571026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of S100 family proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC): an overview of their potential function as new biomarkers and therapeutic agents.","authors":"Hamideh Raeisi, Leili Rejali, Nayeralsadat Fatemi, Amir Sadeghi, Zahra Sadeghloo, Mohammad Reza Zali, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad","doi":"10.1017/erm.2025.10019","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2025.10019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide, posing a great threat to human health and a social burden. Various genetic and epigenetic alterations can activate tumourigenesis-related signalling pathways, leading to CRC development and progression. Over the past two decades, the understanding of the role of S100 family proteins in different types of cancer has received great attention. S100 proteins, as intracellular and extracellular, play important roles in regulating various cellular processes, such as calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, tumour cell proliferation, invasion and motility. It is well documented that alteration in expression of S100 proteins can be associated with tumourigenesis and cancer progression. These proteins play important roles in CRC carcinogenesis by activating different signalling pathways, especially the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway, which is involved in cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In this review, we describe the functions of S100 proteins in the context of inflammation, tumourigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in CRC. We also discuss the potential of targeting different S100 proteins as prognostic factors and therapeutic agents for CRC treatment. This narrative review will increase our understanding of the role of S100 proteins in the progression of CRC and provide insights into the use of S100 proteins as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12558634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}