Repulsive guidance molecules b (RGMb): molecular mechanism, function and role in diseases.

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Jie Zhang, Yijing Jiang, Zijian Zhang, Shilin Li, Haowen Fan, Jinhua Gu, Renfang Mao, Xiaohong Xu
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Abstract

Repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the RGM family, is initially identified as a co-receptor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the nervous system. The expression of RGMb is transcriptionally regulated by dorsal root ganglion 11 (DRG11), which is a transcription factor expressed in embryonic DRG and dorsal horn neurons and plays an important role in the development of sensory circuits. RGMb is involved in important physiological processes such as embryonic development, immune response, intercellular adhesion and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RGMb is mainly involved in the regulation of RGMb-neogenin-Rho and BMP signalling pathways. The recent discovery of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2)-RGMb binding reveals that the cell signalling network and functional regulation centred on RGMb are extremely complex. The latest report suggests that down-regulation of the PD-L2-RGMb pathway in the gut microbiota promotes an anti-tumour immune response, which defines a potentially effective immune strategy. However, the biological function of RGMb in a variety of human diseases has not been fully determined, and will remain an active research field. This article reviews the properties and functions of RGMb, focusing on its role under various physiological and pathological conditions.

斥导分子 b(RGMb):分子机制、功能和在疾病中的作用。
排斥导向分子 b(RGMb)是一种糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定的 RGM 家族成员,最初被确定为神经系统中骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)的共受体。RGMb的表达受背根神经节11(DRG11)的转录调控,DRG11是一种在胚胎DRG和背角神经元中表达的转录因子,在感觉回路的发育中发挥着重要作用。RGMb 参与胚胎发育、免疫反应、细胞间粘附和肿瘤发生等重要生理过程。此外,RGMb 主要参与调控 RGMb-neogenin-Rho 和 BMP 信号通路。最近发现的程序性死亡配体 2(PD-L2)与 RGMb 的结合揭示了以 RGMb 为中心的细胞信号网络和功能调控极其复杂。最新报告表明,下调肠道微生物群中的 PD-L2-RGMb 通路可促进抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而确定了一种潜在的有效免疫策略。然而,RGMb 在多种人类疾病中的生物学功能尚未完全确定,这仍将是一个活跃的研究领域。本文回顾了 RGMb 的特性和功能,重点关注其在各种生理和病理条件下的作用。
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来源期刊
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
1.60%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine is an innovative online journal featuring authoritative and timely Reviews covering gene therapy, immunotherapeutics, drug design, vaccines, genetic testing, pathogenesis, microbiology, genomics, molecular epidemiology and diagnostic techniques. We especially welcome reviews on translational aspects of molecular medicine, particularly those related to the application of new understanding of the molecular basis of disease to experimental medicine and clinical practice.
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