Jie Rong Jerome Lee, Ting Hui Yee, David Levitz, Blanche Xiao Hong Lim, Jodhbir Singh Mehta, Fiona Stapleton, Chris Hong Long Lim
{"title":"A Review of Contact Lens Regulations in the Asia Pacific Region.","authors":"Jie Rong Jerome Lee, Ting Hui Yee, David Levitz, Blanche Xiao Hong Lim, Jodhbir Singh Mehta, Fiona Stapleton, Chris Hong Long Lim","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The increased usage of nonrefractive cosmetic contact lenses in Asia and a trend toward increased online purchasing of both refractive and cosmetic contact lenses poses unique challenges in the management of contact lens-related complications. However, regulations have lagged behind this increased uptake in the community. This paper reviews regulations surrounding the manufacturing, import, and distribution of contact lenses in the Asia Pacific region and compares them with international regulations from the European Union and United States. It found a need for more specific regulations and closer surveillance targeted at new trends in contact lens purchasing and usage. This paper also found a need for more effective enforcement of current regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Responses to Questions About Keratoconus Using ChatGPT-4.0, Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models on Keratoconus.","authors":"Suleyman Demir","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used today and are becoming increasingly important for providing accurate clinical information to patients and physicians. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of generative pre-trained transforme-4.0 (ChatGPT-4.0), Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot LLMs in responding to patient questions regarding keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The LLMs' responses to the 25 most common questions about keratoconus asked by real-life patients were blindly rated by two ophthalmologists using a 5-point Likert scale. In addition, the DISCERN scale was used to evaluate the responses of the language models in terms of reliability, and the Flesch reading ease and Flesch-Kincaid grade level indices were used to determine readability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4.0 provided more detailed and accurate answers to patients' questions about keratoconus than Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot, with 92% of the answers belonging to the \"agree\" or \"strongly agree\" categories. Significant differences were observed between all three LLMs on the Likert scale (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the answers of ChatGPT-4.0 to questions about keratoconus were more complex for patients than those of other language programs, the information provided was reliable and accurate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroshi Toshida, Akiko Matsuzawa, Shizuka Koh, Yuichi Hori
{"title":"History of Lens Care Products in Japan: Insights From Advertisements in the Journal of the Japan Contact Lens Society for 65 Years.","authors":"Hiroshi Toshida, Akiko Matsuzawa, Shizuka Koh, Yuichi Hori","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This review examines the history of contact lens (CL) care products, particularly focusing on hard contact lenses (HCLs) like those made from polymethyl methacrylate and rigid gas permeable (RGP) materials. Although literature on CL history is extensive, there is limited information on the history of CL care products, especially in Japan. This review uses advertisements from the Journal of the Japan Contact Lens Society from 1959 to 2023 to trace the evolution of these products. The early HCL care primarily involved simple cleaning with dishwashing liquids because of the robust nature of polymethyl methacrylate lenses. Advertisements for care products became more prevalent with the introduction of RGP lenses that are more prone to dirt and deposit buildup. The first significant advertisements for HCL care products appeared in 1968, with notable products highlighting advancements in cleaning, rinsing, and storing solutions. The introduction of soft contact lenses in Japan in 1972 necessitated new care methods, such as boiling disinfection. Over the years, the market saw the introduction of various multipurpose solutions and specialized cleaning agents, although the number of advertisements for these products has declined since the late 1990s. Economic factors and changes in the CL industry have influenced the advertising trends observed in the journal. Despite the decline in market share for RGP lenses, they remain essential for specific conditions like keratoconus, some corneal disorders with irregular astigmatism, and moderate to high astigmatism. This review underscores the ongoing need for effective CL care products and the role of advertisements in documenting their history.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":"50 12","pages":"522-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11593975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The History and Impact of Prescribing Orthokeratology for Slowing Myopia Progression.","authors":"Michael J Lipson, Bruce H Koffler","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001123","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper discusses the history and impact of orthokeratology on slowing the progression of myopia. It discusses the origins and evolution of orthokeratology from polymethymethaccrylate lenses worn during the day to its current prescribing of highly permeable, innovative reverse-geometry designs worn only while sleeping. Technological advances in corneal topography, lens design, lens materials, and manufacturing have facilitated growth of orthokeratology to a precise and predictable procedure. More recently, significant interest in orthokeratology has been stimulated by its efficacy in slowing axial elongation in myopic children. Safety of children wearing contact lenses while sleeping has been an ongoing concern. The potential of serious complications exists, but long-term studies and clinical experience have shown that risks of those events can be minimized with strict compliance with lens cleaning, disinfection, and hand hygiene. Because no correction is required during waking hours, patients using orthokeratology report higher vision-related quality of life, less activity restrictions, and more comfortable eyes compared with spectacles or contact lenses worn during the day. The future growth of orthokeratology will be fueled by the prescribing of orthokeratology as a modality to slow axial elongation and an alternative modality to spectacles, traditional contact lenses, and refractive surgery to correct refractive error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"517-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eye & Contact Lens: Origins and Evolution of this Journal.","authors":"Joann J Kang, S Lance Forstot","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":"50 12","pages":"502-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayleigh M Risser, Melody Y Zhou, Karl G Koster, Felicia I Tejawinata, Xinyu Gu, Thomas L Steinemann
{"title":"Contact Lens Regulation: Where Have We Been, Where are We Going?","authors":"Kayleigh M Risser, Melody Y Zhou, Karl G Koster, Felicia I Tejawinata, Xinyu Gu, Thomas L Steinemann","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001148","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission influence the contact lens (CL) market, with the Food and Drug Administration regulating CLs as medical devices and the Federal Trade Commission dictating how they are prescribed and sold. Legislative oversight came to the forefront in 2004, when the Contact Lens Rule was introduced, drastically changing how CLs are prescribed and distributed. This article examines the evolution of CL regulations over the past two decades and discusses how regulation, such as allowing passive verification, has shaped the current and evolving CL market. We also explore how related products (decorative CLs, artificial tears) are regulated and compare US regulations with those abroad. Finally, we discuss how future technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, promise to change the CL industry and its regulation worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"508-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin J Mena-Guevara, Dolores de Fez, David P Piñero
{"title":"Impact on Distance and Near Contrast Sensitivity of Multifocal Contact Lenses: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kevin J Mena-Guevara, Dolores de Fez, David P Piñero","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the impact on distance and near contrast sensitivity (CS) after fitting multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) for presbyopia correction according to the scientific evidence already published.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three bibliographic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were articles written in English evaluating distance and/or near CS in presbyopic patients using MFCLs, controlled clinical trials, and articles published from 2000 to 2024. After reading and analyzing carefully the articles that were finally included, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for clinical trials was used to evaluate the quality of the research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight articles were considered. One study did not find significant changes in binocular contrast sensitivity function (CSF) after fitting center-distance MFCL (CD) in the dominant eye and a center-near (CN) in the nondominant eye. Another research did not detect significant differences comparing CN MFCLs with monovision. However, another study found significant differences when comparing CN MFCL with spectacles. Half of studies only reported the comparison in CSF among different MFCL designs, with two studies confirming worse visual performance with MFCLs compared to pinhole contact lenses. Concerning the CASP analysis, some level of variability in the quality scores was found, with 5/13 in three studies, 6/13 in three studies, 7/13 in one study, and 8/13 in one study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The limited evidence on the impact on CS of using MFCLs does not allow to extract consistent generalizable conclusions, with only three studies suggesting a variable impact and no evidence of the real clinical benefit of using this metric for the evaluation and optimization of MFCL fitting. More research is needed on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klaus Ehrmann, Cristian Talens-Estarelles, Fiona Stapleton, Brenda Truong, Jessica Chen, Blanka Golebiowski
{"title":"A New Method to Measure Ocular Surface Sensitivity: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Liquid Jet Esthesiometer.","authors":"Klaus Ehrmann, Cristian Talens-Estarelles, Fiona Stapleton, Brenda Truong, Jessica Chen, Blanka Golebiowski","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000001146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the reliability of the liquid jet esthesiometer (LJA) for measurement of corneal sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two separate studies were conducted to assess intrasession repeatability (study 1) and intersession reproducibility (study 2) of corneal sensitivity measured using the LJA. Thirty participants (13 female and 17 male participants, age 23±6 years) participated in study 1 and another 30 (18 female and 12 male participants, 35±10 years) participated in study 2. For study 1, mechanical sensation threshold of the central cornea was measured three times on the same day, with a 30-min break between repeats. For study 2, central corneal sensation threshold was measured on five different days by one of eight randomly assigned examiners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corneal sensation thresholds obtained in studies 1 and 2 were 2.3±1.0 and 2.5±1.2 μL, respectively. No significant differences between repeated measurements were obtained in either study (P≥0.19). Thresholds were lower (i.e., corneal sensitivity was higher) in female than male participants (2.1±1.0 vs. 2.7±0.9 μL in male participants, P=0.02) but were not affected by contact lens wear. Clinical reliability of the LJA was good for intrasession repeatability (coefficient of repeatability ±1.6 μL, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.74, within-subject coefficient of variation (CVW) 24%) and moderate for intersession reproducibility (Coefficient of Reproducibility ±2.2 μL, CVW 32%). Measurement variability was independent of threshold level (P=0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LJA offers good clinical repeatability and is a reliable tool to measure corneal sensitivity in different population groups, regardless of stimulus thresholds. Day-to-day fluctuations in corneal sensitivity probably account for the relatively lower reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohum Sheth, Shawn Khan, April Olson, Lauren Jeang, Sonal Tuli, Ankit Shah
{"title":"Evaluation of Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive Glue Application Outcomes in Corneal Thinning and Perforation.","authors":"Sohum Sheth, Shawn Khan, April Olson, Lauren Jeang, Sonal Tuli, Ankit Shah","doi":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001144","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICL.0000000000001144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Corneal thinning and perforation are ocular emergencies necessitating urgent intervention to prevent visual impairment or enucleation. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is frequently used to maintain globe integrity in these cases. However, gaps remain in understanding the outcomes of corneal gluing and the factors influencing its efficacy. This case series evaluates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of glue application in corneal thinning and perforation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated for corneal thinning and perforation at the University of Florida between January 2012 and May 2023. Demographic data, clinical history, glue application details, and posttreatment outcomes were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 128 eyes from 125 subjects. Corneal perforation was found in 71 eyes (55.5%), mostly centrally (49.2%). The leading cause of perforation/thinning was microbial infection (45.3%). The average number of glue applications per eye was 1.66. Within 1 month, 23 patients (18.0%) required only glue reapplication, 37 (28.9%) required surgical intervention (regardless of glue reapplication), and 68 (53.1%) required no further treatment. Factors significantly linked to gluing failure (requiring surgery within 1 month) in univariate analysis included large perforation size, microbial infection, ocular surface disorder, single glue application, and indirect application via sterile drape. Multivariate analysis showed that only large perforation size was significantly associated with gluing failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Corneal glue application is an effective temporizing measure for corneal thinning and perforation, with multiple applications potentially providing added stability to the globe. However, the need for surgical intervention is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":50457,"journal":{"name":"Eye & Contact Lens-Science and Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}