Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"The effect of sloping floodplain on flow resistance and discharge in straight compound channels with single floodplain","authors":"Ali Ghahramanzadeh ,&nbsp;Mirali Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Rasoul Daneshfaraz","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research work describes the study of two types of floodplains (i.e., flat and sloped) to investigate the influences of sloped single floodplains on a compound channel in terms of conveyance capacity, velocity distribution, and resistance to flow. To this end, were made four single floodplain compound channel models, including one flat floodplain and two models with a sloping floodplain in positive (4 % and 9 % transverse slope bed) and one negative transverse slope (−4%) and each of the models was investigated under different flow discharges. The results show that the main channel is more efficient for conveying water when the floodplain is positively sloped compared to the flat floodplains. The water conveying capacity of the main channel increases by 10.9 % in the positive transverse slope compared to the flat floodplain and decreases by 3.4 % in the negative transverse slope. For both low and high flow discharges, the average velocities in the main channel and the floodplain with a highest positive transverse sloped bed were 15.7 % and 11.23 % higher, respectively, compared to the flat floodplain. On the negative transverse slope, the Manning roughness coefficient, <em>n</em>, is frequently higher than that of other cases. In a case with negative transverse sloped bed (i.e., <em>θ</em> = −4%), the Manning's <em>n</em> in the main channel and flat floodplain was 8.33 % and 14.05 % higher than that of the flat floodplain. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, <em>f</em>, in a compound channel with a positive transverse sloped bed on a floodplain was 5.7 % higher than in a flat floodplain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leak detection in pipelines based on acoustic emission and growing neural gas network utilizing unlabeled healthy condition data","authors":"Annadasankar Mishra,&nbsp;Jogin Dhebar,&nbsp;Bimal Das,&nbsp;Sanket S. Patel,&nbsp;Akhand Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leak detection in pipelines is crucial to prevent economic losses, guarantee safety and reduce undesirable environmental impacts. Hence, it becomes necessary to detect leaks as early as possible. Recent studies reported several leak detection techniques that primarily analyze Acoustic emission. (AE) data through artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for investigating pipeline leaks. As prior labeled leakage data is typically required for training these AI models, their usage in industrial settings is impracticable. Moreover, existing works suggest various AE-based features that respond differently to premature leaks, which calls for development of comprehensive leak indicators to arrive at clear-cut decisions. This paper proposes a novel approach based on AE data and growing neural gas (GNG) network to build health indicators for real-time tracking of pipeline condition and sensing incipient leaks. GNG models the data topology in an unsupervised manner without making any prior assumptions about their structure and distribution. First, the AE signals are acquired from the test pipeline and the time- and frequency-domain features are extracted from AE signals. Then, the GNG is trained with feature data belonging to pipeline healthy condition only. In the end, the desired health indicator is obtained by supplying incoming feature samples to the already trained GNG model. The proposed approach is validated on the pipeline data collected from both laboratory experimental setup and actual field. The results indicate that the developed pipeline health indicator is capable of recognizing very small-size leaks and predicting their severity as leak-size cultivates. Moreover, higher average leak detection accuracy and leak sensitivity for different pressure conditions, i.e. 100 % and 96.5 %, are obtained. The proposed GNG-based-leak diagnosis framework outperforms the existing techniques such as Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and Support vector data description (SVDD) by improving the leak detection accuracy and leak sensitivity via 24.1 % and 5.4 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the pore volume percentages of the carbonate core plug samples using direct, 2D techniques and exploratory data analysis","authors":"Edris Mohammed Pirot ,&nbsp;Ayad Nuri Faqi Edilbi ,&nbsp;Rasool Fakher Jader ,&nbsp;Mahdi Muhammed Mamash ,&nbsp;Ihsan Hamza Jumaa ,&nbsp;Rezhna Mustafa Hussein ,&nbsp;Dyari Mohammed Sharif","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porosity measurement is essential in understanding fluid flow through rock formations via different methods such as porosimeter, Scanning Electron Microscopy (<strong>SEM</strong>) images, ImageJ and Digimizer software. This study aims to compare these methods in terms of accuracy, both on a sample-by-sample basis and overall performance, while also taking into account cost and availability. In order to achieve this goal <strong>25</strong> core plug samples were analyzed using a helium porosimeter and compared with measurements obtained from <strong>25</strong> thin sections images using ImageJ and Digimizer software and <strong>25 SEM</strong> images. The results indicate that, in terms of sample-by-sample accuracy, <strong>SEM</strong> is the closest alternative to the porosimeter; however, is more expensive and less accessible. Overall, Digimizer offers a strong balance of accuracy, cost, and availability, making it a preferable alternative for most applications. ImageJ, though slightly less accurate, stands out as the most cost-effective and widely available method; however, it is suitable primarily for preliminary assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of density meters using liquid CO2 and their effect on volumetric to mass flow conversion for CCS","authors":"Yessica Arellano ,&nbsp;Edward Jukes ,&nbsp;Stein-Arild Tjugum ,&nbsp;Jacob Stang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is an important technology for reducing atmospheric CO₂ emissions. Urgent climate targets require widespread implementation of CCS. CCS commands the deployment of measurement technology that enables accountability, process control, and reporting of the stored mass of CO₂ to regulatory bodies. The metering needs through the CCS value chain encompass as a bare minimum mass flow rates and stream composition. Most CCS-suitable flow metering technologies measure volumetric flow rates; thus, density knowledge is needed for volumetric-to-gravimetric flow rate conversion. Mass flow measurement, or mass derived from combined volume and density measurements, is fundamental in all nodes where custody transfer occurs. In this work, three off-the-shelf density measurement technologies were tested. The technologies encompass a Coriolis meter, a Gamma-ray densitometer and a torsional resonator. Densities calculated using the Span-Wager equation of state were used as reference. To assess the capabilities of each technology, the experimental campaign encompasses a broad operation envelope relevant to CCS applications. The gamma-ray meter, calibrated in situ, presented the least deviation from the reference density. The Coriolis measurements were highly repetitive, suggesting that calibration with CO₂ would improve the performance. Density measurements exhibited a high sensitivity to temperature; thus accurate reference temperature is required in the vicinity of the fiscal meters when deployed in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced prediction of discharge coefficients in Harmonic Plan Circular Weirs using advanced machine learning and ensemble techniques","authors":"Sajad Bijanvand ,&nbsp;Akbar Asgharzadeh-Bonab ,&nbsp;Abbas Parsaie ,&nbsp;Ehsan Afaridegan","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study leverages advanced machine learning models—Natural Gradient Boosting (NGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Tabular Network (TabNet)—to predict the discharge coefficients (<em>C</em>_<em>d</em>) of Harmonic Plan Circular Weirs (HPCWs). To achieve enhanced predictive accuracy, a Stacking Ensemble-based Hybrid (StEH) model was developed, integrating the strengths of the individual models. The methodology involved a comprehensive experimental dataset, split into 75 % for training and 25 % for testing. Key performance metrics, including <em>R</em>², RMSE, Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (sMAPE), Scatter Index (SI), and Weighted Mean Absolute Percentage Error (WMAPE), were employed to assess model accuracy. Additionally, the Regression Error Characteristic (REC) curve, Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), and Taylor diagram provided statistical and visual insights into model performance. During the training stage, the NGBoost model emerged as the best-performing model, achieving an exceptional <em>R</em>² of 0.9999, an RMSE of 0.0009, an sMAPE of 0.1100 %, an SI of 0.0014, and a WMAPE of 0.1063 %. The StEH model closely followed in second place, with strong performance metrics including an <em>R</em>² of 0.9986 and an RMSE of 0.0034. In the testing stage, the TabNet model outperformed the other models, with an <em>R</em>² of 0.9893, an RMSE of 0.0095, an sMAPE of 1.0191 %, an SI of 0.0144, and a WMAPE of 1.0444 %. The CatBoost model secured the second position during this phase, demonstrating reliable performance with an <em>R</em>² of 0.9779 and an RMSE of 0.0136. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using ANOVA and SHAP methods identified the ratio of the head to weir height (<em>h</em>/<em>P</em>) as the most significant parameter affecting <em>C</em>_<em>d</em>, followed by the net crest length to weir height ratio (<em>l</em>_<em>C</em>/<em>P</em>) and the number of cycles (<em>N</em>). This research underscores the efficacy of ensemble learning techniques, providing valuable insights into the design and optimization of weirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of a pneumatic active flow control system using in-situ hot wire calibration","authors":"Cenk Çetin ,&nbsp;Mehmet Metin Yavuz","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumatic active flow control systems have great potential to control the aerodynamic phenomena including, separation, circulation, and turbulence. To quantify the effectiveness of such flow control schemes, thorough characterization of developed systems is critical in addition to estimating aerodynamic and stability favor. In the present work, experimental characterization of an in-house active blowing system capable of steady and periodic excitations, based on fast switching solenoid valves, is presented via in-situ calibration scheme. Measurements are performed using a constant temperature anemometry system, and characterization is presented for a sample 45^o swept delta wing aerodynamic surface. The performance of the developed system is comprehensively investigated for a square wave form excitation with control parameters including an excitation frequency range of 1–32 Hz, duty cycle values of 25 and 50 %, and supply line regulator settings corresponding to supply rate range of 34 m/s ≤ <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>U</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mrow><mtext>blow</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>ref</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> ≤ 60 m/s. The results indicate that the response of the flow control system to control signals is influenced by both the signal parameters and the aerodynamic surface design. Full characterization of such systems using in-situ approaches provides valuable calibration schemes for the mentioned parameters, which is crucial for assessing aerodynamic effectiveness and developing closed-loop flow control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing two-phase wet gas flow measurement with Coriolis meters: Optimal sensor orientation and a new model development","authors":"Seyed Milad Salehi ,&nbsp;Liyun Lao ,&nbsp;Nigel Simms ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Drahm ,&nbsp;Yaoying Lin ,&nbsp;Alfred Rieder ,&nbsp;Andreas Güttler","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel wet gas model was developed based on the internal parameter of a Coriolis prototype to measure two-phase wet gas flow. Additionally, an optimal orientation of the Coriolis sensor was proposed to address challenges in the horizontal wet gas flow. Two Coriolis prototypes– one with a long-bent flow tubes (Type A), and another with short-bent flow tubes (Type B) – were employed to conduct tests in both vertical upward and horizontal pipelines. Different sensor axial angles (0, 40, 90, and 180°) were selected for testing in the horizontal section. Among different orientations (angles), it was found that the 40-degree angle outperforms the other installations in terms of the response proximity and over-reading of gas flow (OR). To understanding the impact of flow pattern on the response, a detailed analysis of different flow patterns in the wet gas was considered. A new correlation was developed between the damping factor of the Coriolis and both X_LM and the total mass flow rate, leading to the proposal of a new wet gas model to predict gas and liquid flow rates with acceptable accuracy. In scenarios involving higher Froude numbers and annular flow patterns, which are more likely to occur, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for the entire range of wetness (0 &lt; X_LM &lt; 0.3) is 3.9 % for gas flow rate and 4.3 % for liquid flow rate with an uncertainty of 2.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a large torque surface-mounted magnetic screw mechanism and its application on 2D flow valve","authors":"Penghui Xiang,&nbsp;Bin Meng,&nbsp;Yuzhou Huang,&nbsp;Leidi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel surface-mounted magnetic screw mechanism (SMMSM) with large output torque and high magnetic energy utilization is proposed. To study the torque-displacement characteristics, the analytical model of SMMSM is derived based on the equivalent magnetic charge theory, virtual displacement method and superposition principle. The influence of the spiral angle of SMMSM, number of magnetic bar, thickness of magnetic bar, and thickness of air gap on the torque are explored, and key structural parameters are selected to design and manufacture the prototype. A static and dynamic experimental platform is built, and the experiment show that the maximum output torque of the SMMSM can reach 1.185 N m at a displacement of 1 mm, and the step response time is 27.5 ms, which are substantially superior to the existing maglev couplings. Finally, the SMMSM is applied to 2D flow valve. The experiments show that the SMMSM-based 2D flow valve has the advantages of large flow rate, high system pressure and fast dynamic response: the maximum flow rate is 167.8 L/min at a system pressure of 25 MPa, the step response time is 16.5 ms, and the amplitude-frequency width is 46.0 Hz, which is also superior to the existing maglev 2D flow valves in terms of these performance indexes. The research indicates the SMMSM-based 2D flow valve can be used as a potential solution for electro-hydraulic servo-proportional valves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physically Constrained Generative Adversarial Network Data Augmentation Method for Multichannel Ultrasonic Flowmeters of Natural Gas","authors":"Haohui Cai ,&nbsp;Huaizhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaixi Zhou ,&nbsp;Kunwei Lin ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Wensi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the performance evaluation process of ultrasonic flowmeters, there are issues such as high cost of acquiring real flow data and severe scarcity of data. Traditional data augmentation methods suffer from problems such as low accuracy and poor diversity, making it difficult to effectively model ultrasonic flowmeter data. This paper proposes a method that incorporates physical constraints into a conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with gradient penalties (CWGAN-GP) for ultrasonic flowmeters data augmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that the data generated by our model meets the requirements in terms of accuracy and diversity, and closely aligns with the distribution of the original data. In the performance evaluation of ultrasonic flowmeters, the evaluation model derived from data generated by our method demonstrates a reduction in the average percentage error by 1.495% compared to the assessment using original data without data augmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vegetation cover on the hydraulic characteristics of rectangular and rounded broad-crested weirs","authors":"Xingfu Deng ,&nbsp;Chuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Shanjun Liu ,&nbsp;Ruidi Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydraulic characteristics of rectangular and rounded broad-crested weirs covered by flexible vegetation were studied in a laboratory flume. Free-surface and velocity profiles were measured for a range of upstream head relative to weir crest lengths 0.075 &lt; <em>H</em>/<em>L</em> &lt; 1.3 and equivalent vegetation roughness heights 18 mm &lt; <em>k</em>_<em>s</em> &lt; 318 mm. The results demonstrated significant differences in hydraulic performance between the smooth- and vegetated-crested weirs. The effect of vegetation roughness on discharge reduction was reflected by the boundary shear stress on the weir crest. Analysis of the discharge coefficient data suggested that flow over vegetated-crested weirs with different vegetation cover densities can be classified into broad-crested weir flow for 0.1 &lt; <em>H</em>/<em>L</em> &lt; 0.4 and narrow-crested weir flow for 0.4 &lt; <em>H</em>/<em>L</em> &lt; 1.3. The flow discharge coefficient increased with increasing <em>H</em>/<em>L</em>, <em>H</em>/(<em>H</em> + <em>P</em>), and <em>H</em>/<em>k</em>_<em>s</em>. Two formulae were proposed to predict the flow discharge coefficient correction over vegetated-crested weirs with different crest lengths and heights, for both rectangular and rounded crested weirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}