Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"A numerical analysis of pressure characteristics in the deflector jet pilot stage valve with an innovative deflector deflection","authors":"Jinghui Peng ,&nbsp;Bijan Krishna Saha ,&nbsp;Md Shah Najmus Shakib ,&nbsp;Songjing Li ,&nbsp;Jahidul Islam Jihan","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric-hydraulic servo-valves are extensively used in the aerospace, mechanical, and aerodynamics industries to control missile wings or airplanes precisely. Aiming to reduce undesired flow phenomena inside the deflector jet pilot valve, innovative deflections of deflector are proposed in this paper. A numerical analysis is performed using STAR CCM + to investigate the pressure and flow characteristics inside the pilot stage of deflector jet servo-valve. For observing the pressure, cavitation and flow characteristics, the Eulerian multi-phase model, VOF phase interaction, and realizable <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>−</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>ε</mi></mrow></math></span> model for the turbulent flow are used during numerical simulations. The supply and outlet pressure are kept at 24 MPa and 1 MPa, respectively. To verify the calculated numerical results for turbulent flows, the velocity distribution to the V-groove exit of the deflector jet pilot stage is calculated and discussed with the theoretical results. The numerically calculated results show good agreement with published analytical results. The result shows that by the innovative rotation of the deflector both in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions, significant pressure in the receivers is obtained than traditionally moving deflector to the left and right for the same supply pressure. Moreover, when the deflector is positioned clockwise or anti-clockwise by 5°, less cavitation is observed than in the traditional model. The key finding of this paper shows that innovative structural optimization of the amplifier disk and deflector is of utmost importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised electrical resistance tomography performance for coarse-particle suspensions with a settled bed","authors":"Enzu Zheng,&nbsp;Andrew Chryss","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) offers a non-intrusive method to visualise the dynamic distribution of internal solids in suspension flows. While ERT can produce good qualitative images, quantitative analysis faces challenges due to low spatial resolution, sensitivity to electric noise, and the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. This study aims to enhance ERT's performance for coarse-particle suspensions by considering system configuration, injection current, background conductivity and reconstruction techniques. Validation is performed on both static and dynamic suspensions with physically sensible flow scenarios. To ensure high-quality ERT data acquisition, the background conductivity must allow a range of injection current while maintaining a favourable signal-to-noise ratio. A more conductive carrier is needed for effective current injection in densely packed beds or larger-scale pipes. Reconstruction based on current and voltage measurements following Ohm's law is essential. The commonly adopted Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm in a commercial ERT system exhibits limited information in the bed-occupied area, leading to underestimations of integrated concentration. ERT predictions of chord-averaged concentration profiles in a dynamic suspension display similar trends as those from the one-dimensional Eskin model. When compared to experimental measurements, ERT results generally underestimate the integrated concentration by approximately 15 % v/v in a dynamic suspension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving large angle flow measurement accuracy of five-hole probe using novel calibration coefficient and accuracy progressive neural network","authors":"Yueren Zuo ,&nbsp;Haideng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel calibration coefficients and data-fitting techniques based on a two-stage accuracy progressive neural network were developed to improve the accuracy of a five-hole probe in measuring large-angle flows. By modifying the denominator and numerator of traditional calibration coefficients, the novel coefficients can solve the singularity and multi-value problems of large-angle flow measurement. By training the neural network using both global calibration data and the calibration data of large measurement error points, the two-stage accuracy progressive neural network can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of a five-hole probe when flow separation occurs around the probe head at large flow angles. The experimental results demonstrate that applying the novel calibration coefficients and accuracy progressive neural network ensures that the calibration error of the flow angle is less than 0.8°, and the flow pressure error is less than 0.1 % when the flow angle reaches 50° at low subsonic speeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of clearance on measuring accuracy in two-dimensional piston flowmeter","authors":"Chuan Ding ,&nbsp;Sheng-xiang Pei ,&nbsp;Hao-qi Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Bin Meng ,&nbsp;Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate measurement of flow rates is essential in both industrial and scientific domains, with positive displacement flowmeters being particularly valued for their precision across diverse hydraulic engineering applications. This article offers an overview of piston flowmeters and delineates a cutting-edge two-dimensional (2D) piston flowmeter, expounding on its architectural and operational principles. Existing mathematical models have proven insufficiently effective in analyzing experimental results. In response to this deficiency, and to further scrutinize the flowmeter's empirical performance, the paper introduces an advanced mathematical model that explicitly considers the clearance between the rollers and the cam tracks inside the metering unit. The analytical solutions of the new model reveal a positive correlation between the increase in clearance size and the rise in discharge coefficient of the flowmeter, manifesting as alterations in the 2D piston motion pattern. Comparative to steady flow rate calibration results from prior studies, the newly calculated compensated discharge coefficient proves to more accurately predict the flowmeter's performance within the measurement range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using machine vision algorithms for characterizing gas-liquid slug flows in vertical pipes","authors":"Dana Fadlalla ,&nbsp;Shahriyar G. Holagh ,&nbsp;Wael H. Ahmed ,&nbsp;David Weales ,&nbsp;Medhat Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slug flow, characterized by the distinctive interfacial structures of Taylor bubbles surrounded by liquid films and bridged by aerated liquid slugs, is a dynamically complex two-phase flow pattern exist in many oil and gas, and energy systems. Accurate and precise quantification of such complex flow behaviour is essential for optimal design, safe operation, and reliable modelling of these systems. Existing image-based measurement techniques mostly rely on offline image processing algorithms and are often limited to a narrow set of flow characteristics primarily focusing on Taylor bubbles. Such constraints not only impede real-time flow monitoring and regulation but also leave liquid slug characteristics unmeasured, resulting in an inability to accurately determine the flow characteristics and extract instantaneous void fraction signals. Present study examined the performance of adaptive thresholding (AT) and background subtraction (BS) algorithms in capturing slug flow characteristics. It was found that while the former excels in Taylor bubbles detection and the latter in small bubbles identification, neither individually addresses the accurate measurement of both flow structures' characteristics. This observation, along with the mentioned restrictions of existing algorithms are the main reason for developing the present combined machine vision-based algorithm. While unlocking the ability to extract instantaneous void fraction signals, this new approach facilitates online measurement of a wide range of key flow characteristics, including Taylor bubble length, velocity, void fraction, and surrounding liquid film thickness; liquid slug length and void fraction; and slug unit length, void fraction, and frequency. Parallel to the high-speed imaging, time-series void fraction data was collected using two capacitance sensors installed alongside the imaging area on the pipe, providing benchmark data essential for the validation of the new algorithm's accuracy. The comparisons demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and precision for the combined algorithm. Quantitatively, the new algorithm measured key unit cell characteristics with RMS errors ranging from 2 to 10 %, while the BS and AT algorithms exhibited wider RMS error ranges of 8–46 % and 2–53 %, respectively. This underscores the new algorithm's potential as a transformative tool for slug flow analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and optimization of flow field characteristics of axial piston motor based on CFD","authors":"Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Juxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Qiyou Sun ,&nbsp;Sen Chen ,&nbsp;Dongrun Li ,&nbsp;Yuhang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the working performance of the axial piston motor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was employed to investigate the flow field characteristics of the axial piston motor. This paper presents a new type of damping groove and conducted three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics transient simulations on the unequal and new damping groove designs of the distribution plate. Pressure, flow rate fluctuation, and cavitation phenomena were measured under various structural parameters to verify the simulation results. The experimental results indicate that a well-designed distribution plate can not only reduce the pressure fluctuation of the motor but also enhance its anti-cavitation performance. Additionally, appropriately adjusting the structural parameters of the damping groove can effectively suppress the cavitation phenomenon to a certain extent. This can efficiently reduce the noise and vibration caused by cavitation, thereby significantly improving the reliability and lifespan of the axial piston motor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIV investigation of stalled flow field near the blade rim region of mixed-flow pump under different tip clearances","authors":"Leilei Ji ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Weidong Shi ,&nbsp;Fei Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Pu ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Cui Xiao ,&nbsp;Ramesh Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to further explore the physical mechanism of rotating stall induced by different rim leakage flow intensification, the velocity distribution of the stall flow field of the mixed flow pump under different rim clearance scales was obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry technology. By comparing the flow structure under different shooting sections, different phases and different working conditions, the influence of rim clearance scale on the flow field near the wall of the mixed flow pump was revealed. The results show that under the design flow conditions, there is an obvious reflux phenomenon near the hub of the guide vane inlet of the mixed flow pump under the four kinds of rim clearance, but the intensity is weak, and it does not affect the main flow field in the impeller channel. With the increase of rim clearance scale, the leakage flow intensity also increases, and the main flow area affected by the TLV structure also increases. In the deep stall condition, the reflux vortex at the inlet of the guide vane of the mixed flow pump still exists at each clearance, but the unsteady flow structure begins to appear inside, especially the large secondary vortex structure formed at the guide vane inlet, which seriously blocks the main flow. With the increase of the rim clearance, the flow field at the inlet of the guide vane is also obviously affected, and the secondary vortex core gradually moves towards the end wall area, resulting in an increase in the blocked area in the flow field. At the same time, the unsteady flow intensity of the flow field shows a nonlinear increasing trend. The unsteady strength of flow field increases rapidly with small gap impellers, while the unsteady strength changes slowly with large gap impellers. This study provides a reference for optimizing the rim clearance of mixed-flow pump and improving the efficiency of mixed-flow pump.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil-water flowrate measurement with sensing data and equidistant area-weighted average method","authors":"Yuyan Wu ,&nbsp;Haimin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To optimize production strategy, monitor reservoir performance, and maximize economic recovery of oil and gas fields, it is very important to accurately measure the separate phase flow of each fluid in multiphase flow. Due to the complexity of multiphase flow, the traditional method of measuring the flow per phase is challenging. The Spinner Array Tool (SAT) and equidistant area-weighted average method are used to predict the average fluid velocity of oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal wells. The slippage model is used to calculate the total volume flow of the fluid and the volume flow of each fluid. We collected mini-spinner sensing data in a Spinner Array Tool (SAT) for the oil-water two-phase and used the response characteristics of the single-phase fluid as reference data before mixing. The experimental results show that the isometric area-weighted average method can better process the sensor data of the Spinner Array Tool (SAT), and obtain better phase separation flow accuracy under different flow conditions. The predicted oil flow is in good agreement with the measured oil flow. The results show that it is feasible to infer the prediction results of the fractional flowrate from the prediction results of the average fluid velocity in the actual production logging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous flow and particle measurements for multiphase flows in hydraulic engineering: A review and synthesis of current state","authors":"Siamak Seyfi ,&nbsp;Shooka Karimpour ,&nbsp;Ram Balachandar","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While multiphase flows are abundant in both natural environments and engineering applications, their analysis and quantification present challenges. In particular, simultaneously measuring the flow field and quantifying particle behavior pose many challenges. Methods based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) principles have been used in the last two decades to measure flow fields and dispersed (particle) phases, respectively. Despite the extensive application of these principles to multiphase flow, there are numerous approaches and techniques used to synchronize and combine PIV and PTV measurements. Combined PIV and PTV data acquisition also requires consideration of phase discrimination to obtain distinct data for the fluid and dispersed phases. In the literature, various methods have been proposed and applied to achieve phase discrimination. This review paper aims to consolidate and classify various phase discrimination techniques used in specialized applications in hydraulic engineering. These methods are categorized into optical (spectral, temporal, and hybrid) and post-processing methods, with a particular emphasis on their applicability within the realm of hydraulic engineering. Moreover, this review expands on several emerging PIV/PTV technologies and applications, where the combination of equipment and algorithms has led to significant strides in the non-intrusive measurement of multiphase flow. By consolidating and critically evaluating current methods for particle discrimination, this paper aims to enhance the scientific community's understanding of simultaneous phase velocity measurements, thereby setting the stage for advancements in multiphase flow visualization techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom-made spherical fluorescent tracer particles for laser Velocimetry Laboratory Experiments","authors":"Okba Mostefaoui ,&nbsp;Diego Lopez ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Mignot ,&nbsp;Valérie Massardier-Nageotte","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces a method for creating custom-made spherical fluorescent particles tailored for fluid mechanics optical velocimetry laboratory measurements techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurement techniques. The incorporation of the fluorescent dye Rhodamine B into the particle bulk significantly reduces direct light reflections and enhances particle detection when enlightened by a laser and using a band-pass filter on the optical measurement device. Furthermore, the study offers a clear guide for adjusting particle diameter by modifying various parameters such as the stirrer used, its stirring speed, the surfactant concentration, and the type of polymer. This allows for the customization of particles best suited for water multiphase flow characterization and transport studies. The resulting particles exhibit excellent sphericity, making them suitable for a wide range of fluid mechanics investigations, from small to large scale. Experimental validations, including size measurements, density assessments, emission spectra analyses, and applicability in a confined flow affirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by exhibiting a signal-to-noise ratio four to five times higher than fluorescent surface-stained and non-fluorescent particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}