Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Development of a novel Hybrid Hydrodynamic Particle Simulation Methodology for Estimating Discharge Coefficient of Broad-Crested Weirs","authors":"Sadra Shadkani ,&nbsp;Mahdi Mohammadi Sergini ,&nbsp;Faezeh Malekzadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Saber ,&nbsp;Nazanin Kabiri ,&nbsp;Alireza Goodarzi ,&nbsp;Amirreza Pak","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weirs are crucial for flow measurement and water level regulation, with the discharge coefficient (C_d) influenced by factors such as crest length, height, upstream head, and slope. This study optimizes C_d estimation for broad-crested weirs using hybrid hydrodynamic particle simulation and physics-enhanced machine learning models. It investigates the impact of geometric parameters, crest length, weir height, slope angles on C_d by conducting 432 simulations<del>.</del> The primary outcome is the development of multi-variable regression equations to predict C_d, along with detailed water level and velocity profile analyses. Three advanced models: Physics-Enhanced Machine Learning (PEML), Physics-Regularized Regression Trees (PRRT), and Hybrid Hydrodynamic Particle Simulation (HHPS) are evaluated. The HHPS model outperforms others with DC of 0.998 and 0.996, RMSE of 0.013 and 0.017, WI of 0.999 and 0.998, and NSE of 0.998 and 0.997 for training and testing dataset, respectively, showing exceptional predictive accuracy. A sensitivity analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used in this study. Upstream head-to-weir height ratio (H₁/P) and flow rate (Q) with SHAP values of +0.15 and +0.11, respectively, have the greatest impact on C_d modeling. Also, this study enhances the understanding of weir flow dynamics and provides practical tools for engineers and hydrologists. By integrating physics-based simulations with machine learning, it sets a new precision benchmark for hydraulic structure design and analysis, impacting water resource management and environmental engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the multiscale cavitation flow in a hydraulic slide valve","authors":"Wen An,&nbsp;Qingjun Yang,&nbsp;Gang Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cylindrical slide valves are commonly used in various hydraulic control systems. Due to their working characteristics, cavitation often occurs when hydraulic oil flows through the valve port, which threatens the stability of the entire hydraulic system. Therefore, the study of cavitation phenomena inside valves has important practical significance.</div><div>This study used the Euler-Lagrange bidirectional coupled multi-scale cavitation model to simulate the cavitation phenomenon inside a cylindrical slide valve numerically. We examined the specific morphological characteristics of cavitation occurring at various positions within the valve and investigated the influence of oil temperature on the size of microbubbles. The results indicate that the cavitation morphology at the sharp edge of the valve port is greatly affected by the temperature of the hydraulic oil. It is a traveling cavitation at low temperatures, and as the oil temperature increases, it gradually transforms into cloud cavitation. The macroscopic cavitation bubble shape inside the low-pressure chamber of the valve gradually stabilizes with the increase of inlet oil temperature. The Sauter diameter of micro-bubbles inside the valve decreases with increasing oil temperature. In addition, the inlet oil temperature will have a certain degree of impact on the mass-weighted diameter distribution of microbubbles flowing out from the valve outlet. Therefore, in actual working conditions, removing air bubbles within a specific size range in hydraulic oil is recommended to reduce the adverse effects of hydraulic oil cavitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on vortex characteristics inside a jet pump under low entrainment ratio conditions","authors":"Hua Fan,&nbsp;Dongyin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The entrainment ratio is a crucial parameter affecting jet pump performance and efficiency. A low entrainment ratio induces chaotic flow patterns within the pump, leading to reduced efficiency. Understanding these chaotic flow patterns is essential for optimizing jet pump design and operation. In this study, the mesh was optimized for low entrainment ratio conditions, and the internal flow field of the jet pump was simulated. The results revealed the presence of multiple vortices between the shear layer and the pump wall under low entrainment ratio conditions. These vortices were classified into primary and secondary vortices based on their size. Secondary vortices have a negligible effect on pump performance, while primary vortices facilitate energy transfer by supporting the shear layer when it cannot fully extend to the wall. However, primary vortices also cause irreversible energy losses and elevate frictional resistance along the inner wall, leading to a decrease in efficiency. Using a working fluid with a lower viscosity but similar density results in a minor efficiency improvement. Strategies such as increasing the entrainment ratio, optimizing the area ratio, adjusting the nozzle exit position, and using a converging throat effectively reduced the primary vortex size and improved jet pump efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on transient self-priming process of rotary lobe pump","authors":"Jinyue Li ,&nbsp;Yibin Li ,&nbsp;Jiadi Lian ,&nbsp;Liejiang Wei ,&nbsp;Renhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to examine the variations in self-priming performance and external characteristic parameters of a rotor pump during the start-up and self-priming transition phases. To this end, a self-priming performance test apparatus, appropriate for high suction range pumps, was developed. By monitoring the fluctuations in inlet vacuum levels and external characteristic parameters throughout the self-priming process, experiments were conducted under five distinct conditions: inlet vacuum levels of 0.07 MPa, and rotational speeds of 200 rpm, 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, and 400 rpm. The results obtained offer insights into the alterations in external characteristic parameters during the self-priming process. Based on the phase state of the suction medium, the self-priming process can be categorized into three stages: the inspiratory stage, the gas-liquid mixed transport stage, and the normal operation stage. The experimental findings indicate that the operating speed significantly influences the self-priming process, primarily reflected in the changes in external parameters. The response of shaft power to the inlet vacuum degree is more pronounced at higher speeds. From the perspective of flow rate variation, the rate of flow change is faster at higher speeds, and the conveying efficiency is higher during the gas-liquid mixed transport stage. Analyzing the self-priming performance reveals that speed has a greater impact on the inspiratory stage of the self-priming process and a lesser impact on the gas-liquid mixed transport stage. The differences in the duration of the self-priming process at various speeds are mainly attributed to the duration of the inspiratory stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement using dual-plane REFCS coupling the stacking ensemble learning","authors":"Hong-wei Li,&nbsp;Biao Ma,&nbsp;Ke-ke Chen,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Bin-xin Qiao,&nbsp;Zhi-cheng Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-liquid two-phase flow, a common multiphase flow, is widely present in petrochemical industry, aerospace technology, electric power generation, biopharmaceutical aspect, and other fields. Due to the complexity, randomness, and instability of its flow structure, accurate measurement of the gas-liquid two-phase flow parameter remains a challenging problem. For these above problems, in this study, an integrated sixteen-electrode dual-plane rotating electric field conductance sensor (DPREFCS) is designed for acquiring abundant flow information of gas-liquid two-phase flow in both time and space. Then a dual-parameter mixed boosting prediction model based on the Stacking ensemble learning algorithm is established for measuring the gas volume fraction and liquid volume flowrate of gas-liquid two-phase flow. The final prediction results illustrate this method can effectively measure the two parameters of gas-liquid two-phase flow, which provides a new approach for the multi-parameter measurement method of gas-liquid two-phase flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and verification of a KNN-based vibrating mesh atomiser","authors":"Meipeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Jiajing Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuansheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhalation therapy in which drugs are delivered directly to targeted sites is a crucial approach for treating common respiratory diseases. As crucial devices for inhalation therapy, traditional medical nebulisers typically employ lead-containing atomizing discs that cause pollution and harm to the environment and human health during production and use. In this study, a (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN)-based micromesh nebuliser utilising lead-free KNN piezoelectric ceramic as the atomisation disc material was designed to enhance nebuliser performance through methods such as doping. We investigated the resonant frequency and mode of vibration for each order of atomisation disc vibration through finite element analysis and validated the accuracy of the developed model through comparisons with experimental results. Further validation of the microorifice theory was achieved through atomisation experiments, and the impact of the atomisation disc parameters and input signals on atomisation was analysed. Additionally, empirical formulas for the atomisation rate and pore number were derived. Under square wave pulses with a voltage of 80 V, duty cycle of 50 %, and frequency of 137 kHz, the median particle size of the atomised particles was 3.0 μm with an atomisation rate of 0.3 ml/min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed fiber optic warning identification algorithm for oil and gas pipelines based on the Inception-DVS model","authors":"Chuan Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Yunbin Ma ,&nbsp;Jia Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper propose a new lightweight Inception-DVS model for distributed fiber optic vibration warning of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. This model extends the advantages of the Inception network, designs a new model structure to adapt to complex environments, and effectively reduces the computational load and parameters of the model by optimizing the convolution kernel and hierarchical design. The experimental results show that the model maintains 91 % detection accuracy while the model size is only 3.519 MB and the detection speed reaches 3.2 s, which significantly improves the real-time and efficiency. Compared to traditional models, the Inception DVS model performs well in resource-constrained edge computing environments, accurately identifying multiple pipeline threat events such as manual mining, external intrusion, and vehicle travel, while significantly reducing maintenance costs. In addition, the paper also verified the application of the model in the actual pipeline, and the results show that our model can respond quickly and issue accurate early warnings, effectively reduce the workload of manual inspection, and improve the safety and reliability of pipeline operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimization method based on mechanism model constraint for gas-liquid slug flow rate prediction","authors":"Dandan Zheng,&nbsp;Yongtao Chen,&nbsp;Anna Liu,&nbsp;Jilin Ye,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slug flow is a complex and unstable phenomenon that often occurs in petroleum extraction, chemical industry, etc. Accurate measuring of flow rates can aid in comprehending the initiation and progression mechanism of slug flow, thereby controlling or avoiding of slug flow appearance in industrial operations. Classic slug flow two-fluid models are commonly applied to predict pressure drop or hold-up, relying on known gas-liquid flow rates and empirical correlations. These models require numerous slug characteristic parameters as inputs, which are difficult to obtain with a single sensor. In this paper, in order to predict gas-liquid flow rates, the continuity and momentum equations based on the two-fluid model are firstly established. Then an optimization method based on these mechanistic model constraints is proposed to solve gas-liquid flow rates and the genetic algorithm is selected. In the optimization process, only ultrasonic sensors are utilized to obtain four slug characteristic parameters as inputs, including translational velocity of liquid slug, average height of liquid film, slug unit frequency and liquid slug length. Experiments are carried out in 50 mm diameter pipe with air and water as the media. The superficial gas velocity was in range of 1.0–3.0 m/s and superficial liquid velocity was in range of 0.2–0.4 m/s. Ultrasonic pulse echo method is applied to obtain these four parameters. 16 working conditions are tested. Finally, the mean absolute relative deviations (MARD) of the gas-liquid flow rate prediction results are 4.47 % and 2.50 %, respectively, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the new method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drag reduction mechanisms and cavitation inhibition effect of coupling bionic design on pressure relief valve","authors":"Yujia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Wan ,&nbsp;Beibei Li ,&nbsp;Siyu Wu ,&nbsp;Xuemin Ma ,&nbsp;Rui Han","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation significantly influences the performance of pressure relief valve, and bionic theory offers a promising solution to this challenge. Inspired by the surface morphology of shark skin and lotus leaf, two novel bionic anti-cavitation valve cores are proposed: a unit and a coupling bionic structure. The cavitation and flow resistance inside different bionic valve core structures are investigated experimentally and numerically. The relationship between cavitation, vortices, and flow resistance is also discussed. The results show that cavitation inside the pressure relief valve is influenced by the inlet pressure, a higher inlet pressure leads to more severe cavitation. Compared with traditional smooth valve core, the unit and coupling bionic valve core structures are helpful to inhibit cavitation development. Specifically, the cavitation development lengths of the unit and coupling bionic valve core structures are reduced by 31.03 % and 34.48 %, respectively. In terms of reducing flow resistance, the bionic valve core enhances fluid flow by weakening the strength of axial vortices and reducing flow resistance. Among them, the coupling bionic valve core shows the best performance, with a cavitation inhibition effect and lower fluid resistance. The maximum drag reduction rate achieved by the coupling structure is 45.92 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discharge prediction model for flow through differential weir-gate structures","authors":"Prasad Sadan,&nbsp;Aniruddha D. Ghare,&nbsp;Abhijit D. Lade,&nbsp;Avinash D. Vasudeo","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates a weir-gate structure that combines a rectangular opening at the base of a rectangular sharp-crested weir. This device integrates the functions of individual weirs and gates while addressing the challenges associated with each. The reported literature lacks investigations on rectangular sharp crested weir-gates with varying weir crest lengths and gate openings. To address this gap, the current study explored the hydraulic performance of such uniquely configured weir-gate structures, herein named as Differential Weir-Gates (DWG). The objective was to develop a discharge prediction model applicable to DWG (simultaneous overflow and underflow), as well as to individual weir (only overflow) and gate (only underflow) scenarios. Experiments have been conducted on 29 different DWG models with variations in weir height, gate opening, and length of weir crest. A functional relationship was established using combination of the dimensional analysis and the continuity equation. Finally, the proposed discharge model was developed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), demonstrating relative errors under ±10 % with an absolute mean relative error of 1.71 %. The proposed model was further evaluated using statistical indices including Coefficient of Determination (R²), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). In comparison to the limited existing discharge models in the literature, the proposed discharge model exhibited better accuracy in predicting discharge. The proposed discharge model was slightly modified to accurately predict the discharge through a weir-gate having trapezoidal weir and rectangular gate sections as well. The surface tension effects were observed to be dominant for lower values of Weber numbers. Overall investigations indicated that the proposed discharge model can be used for accurate discharge predictions of individual weir, individual gate, and DWG with both rectangular and trapezoidal weir sections for the range of variables investigated in present study. This versatility offers significant advantage for hydraulic engineers working with weir-gates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}