Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"The attitude changes and leakage characteristics of large-scale plunger pairs in high-pressure plunger pumps","authors":"Shendan Zhao ,&nbsp;Hesheng Tang ,&nbsp;Yan Ren ,&nbsp;Defa Wu ,&nbsp;Yinshui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the most critical friction pair in high-pressure plunger pumps, the plunger pair significantly influences both the volumetric and mechanical efficiency of the pump. During actual operation, the relative position and orientation between the plunger and plunger sleeve are in constant flux. Moreover, factors such as the large diameter of the plunger, high working pressure, and low medium viscosity contribute to the complexity of gap flow, complicating the evaluation of the sealing efficiency of the plunger pump. Therefore, this article develops a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation model of the plunger pair and investigates the flow characteristics of the clearance under various eccentric postures, as well as the corresponding variations. A large-scale experimental platform was constructed to test the sealing performance of the plunger pair gap. Using a custom eccentricity testing device, the changes in attitude and leakage characteristics during the movement of the plunger pair were elucidated, thereby validating the accuracy of the simulation model. The findings of this study provide a foundation and technical support for the design and application of gap seals in reciprocating piston pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of enhanced hybrid optimization models for discharge prediction of cosine sharp-crested weirs","authors":"Samira Akhgar ,&nbsp;Amir H. Azimi ,&nbsp;Ali Foroudi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discharge coefficient plays a crucial role in estimation of discharge over sharp-crested weirs. This study employs various hybrid optimization algorithms to predict the discharge coefficient over half-cycle and full-cycle cosine sharp-crested weirs. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was utilized, with its parameters optimized using the Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The performance of the GWO-SVM hybrid model was compared against the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. Additionally, Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was applied to derive the best predictive equations for both weir types. For this purpose, a broad range of laboratory data, comprising geometric and hydraulic information (110 data sets for half-cycle and 270 data sets for full-cycle cosine weirs), has been considered. The results indicated that the GWO-SVM model demonstrated high accuracy, particularly in peak discharge predictions, achieving errors below 4 %. The proposed models incorporated the influence of the approach Froude number, a critical factor often overlooked in prior discharge prediction models. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the ratio of weir height to upstream water head (<em>h</em>_<em>o</em>/<em>P</em>) and Froude number play significant roles in prediction of discharge coefficient for cosine sharp-crested weirs. The frequency histogram of prediction for half- and full-cycle cosine sharp-crested weirs showed that the GEP model exhibited a uniform error distribution with a slight underprediction tendency, whereas regression models were less reliable for both weir types. Overall, the AI-based models outperformed conventional regression approaches, effectively minimizing underpredictions and overpredictions, and providing robust discharge coefficient predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143224536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of water holdup in slug region of oil-gas-water intermittent flow by plug-in conductance sensors","authors":"Lusheng Zhai,&nbsp;Xinyu Meng,&nbsp;Jiawei Qiao,&nbsp;Yukun Huang,&nbsp;Wenhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water holdup measurement in the horizontal intermittent oil-gas-water flow slug region is of great significance for understanding interfacial heat and mass transfer and revealing the mechanism of flow pattern transition. Considering the multi-scale structural characteristics of the horizontal oil-gas-water intermittent flow, two plug-in conductance sensors are designed for the water holdup measurement in the slug region. They are distributed multi-electrode conductance sensor (DMECS) and ring-electrode conductance sensor (RECS). The finite element method is employed to optimize the geometries of the sensors to enhance the sensitivity and uniformity of the detection field. Experiments are conducted in horizontal gas-water and oil-gas-water flows within a 20 mm diameter pipe. Response signals from both conductance sensors are collected. Recurrence plots are drawn based on the collected signals to demonstrate the capability to detect local flow structures. The non-uniform distribution characteristics of water holdup in the intermittent flow slug region are studied. Besides, the influence of the oil phase on the local flow structures and water holdup is further explored. Finally, the water holdup measured by the conductance sensors is compared with the wire-mesh sensor. The results indicate that the RECS can reflect the average water holdup, whilst the DMECS is sensitive to the local water holdup characteristics. Thus, the DMECS has a higher measurement resolution for small-scale oil droplets and bubbles. By comparison, the RECS demonstrates better measurement performance for the pseudo slug flow with large-scale flow structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic behavior and energy dissipation in Piano key weirs vs. Rectangular labyrinth weirs: A comparative study","authors":"Parisa Mirkhorli ,&nbsp;Amir Ghaderi ,&nbsp;Hossein Mohammadnezhad ,&nbsp;Mirali Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Ozgur Kisi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow characteristics and energy dissipation of Piano Key Weirs (PKWs) were investigated in this study and compared with rectangular labyrinth weirs (RLWs). Despite their increasing popularity as efficient spillway structures, more research was needed on the hydraulic behavior of PKWs. Numerical simulations using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software were conducted, and the results were validated against experimental data for an RLW. The findings revealed distinct flow patterns in PKWs, with sloping and stepped ramps promoting smooth evacuation of near-bed streamlines and enhancing turbulence and aerated flow downstream. Water surface profiles differed between RLWs and PKWs, with PKWs exhibiting a more even and efficient flow distribution. The study further examined energy dissipation and residual energy efficiency in PKWs, showing a nonlinear decrease in relative energy dissipation with increasing head-to-weir height ratios. PKWs demonstrated superior energy dissipation compared to RLWs, with A-type PKWs outperforming D-type PKWs. The width ratio of keys emerges as a crucial factor influencing energy dissipation, with smaller ratios promoting higher energy dissipation rates. Incorporating steps in D-type PKWs enhanced energy dissipation, especially at lower heads. However, local submergence effects reduced the differences in energy dissipation between PKWs at higher heads. These findings contributed to a better understanding of PKW hydraulic performance, providing valuable insights for optimizing PKW designs and enhancing the cost-effectiveness of hydraulic structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow pattern recognition for horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with a hybrid deep-learning model","authors":"Yanyan Shi ,&nbsp;Yixin Sun ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Song Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In gas-liquid two-phase flow, it is crucial to accurately recognize the flow pattern which serves as the foundation for the study of flow characteristics. Considering the complexity associated with two-phase flow, it is still a great challenge to correctly identify flow patterns. This research proposes an innovative deep learning-based method to categorize flow patterns encountered in gas-liquid flow. A conductance sensor is adopted to acquire the flow information in a horizontal pipeline. The impact of noise on the measured voltage signal is reduced by wavelet threshold processing and sparse coding. For data augmentation, overlapping sampling is conducted. With extracted time-domain features as the input, a hybrid deep-learning model which integrates convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory is established and trained to identify different flow patterns. Performance comparison between the hybrid model and various deep learning techniques is made. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method's flow pattern identification accuracy reaches 99.85 % indicating that dynamic behavior of the gas-liquid two-phase flow can be well revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the stage-discharge relationship of streamlined-type weirs","authors":"Alessio Nicosia ,&nbsp;Costanza Di Stefano ,&nbsp;Maria Angela Serio ,&nbsp;Vito Ferro","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow stage-discharge relationship (SDR) of weirs is a well-studied hydraulic topic that is generally concerned with energy considerations and using a discharge coefficient. In this context, dimensional analysis and self-similarity theory are alternative theoretical methods to obtain accurate stage-discharge curves. In this paper, the SDR of streamlined-type weirs (streamlined SLW, hydrofoil HW, and modified semi-cylindrical MSCW) is theoretically deduced using dimensional analysis and the self-similarity condition. These new SDRs are estimated using experimental results from the literature. For the SLW, the analysis demonstrated that the new SDR gives discharge estimates similar to those obtained by the theoretical equation proposed by Carollo and Ferro (2021). For the HW, the SDR, calibrated by the measurements of Soydan Oksal et al. (2021), results in errors always less than the accuracy limit of ±5 %. Furthermore, for the same geometric parameters and upstream water level, the analysis pointed out that a HW flows a discharge higher than that corresponding to a SLW. For the MSCW, the SDR, calibrated by the measurements of Afaridegan et al. (2023), results in errors lower than or equal to ±3 % in 95.6 % of cases. Thereby, for SLW, HW, and MSCW, the developed analysis showed that the proposed SDR results in errors in discharge estimates always less than those obtained for the literature solutions. Finally, a single SDR, useful for all streamlined-type weirs, was also determined, and it results in errors lower than or equal to ±5 % for 96.1 % of cases and lower than or equal to ±3 % for 76.6 % of cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of valve disc truss on hydrodynamic torque of huge butterfly valve","authors":"Fang-na Xiang ,&nbsp;Jia-xi Nie ,&nbsp;An-qi Guan ,&nbsp;Xuan-Jie Gu ,&nbsp;Yun-fei Long ,&nbsp;Wen-bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jiang Jin ,&nbsp;Jin-yuan Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The butterfly valve plays an important role in water transportation and flow regulation in pipeline systems. As huge butterfly valves are developed, the valve disc is more prone to deformation under hydrodynamic torque, which puts forward higher requirements for actuators and valve disc design. The valve disc with truss offers practical advantages like high compressive strength, low flow resistance, large flow area and energy efficiency. This paper investigates the effects of valve disc truss on flow characteristics and hydrodynamic torque of huge butterfly valve using a sliding grid model. Experimental verification of flow rate and hydrodynamic torque confirms the accuracy and feasibility of numerical simulations. The results show that uneven pressure distribution and pressure difference at different rotating angles are causes of hydrodynamic torque. Truss arrangement and rotating direction affect the angle corresponding to maximum hydrodynamic torque. Four inclined trusses with an angle below 55° is the optimal disc structure and a lower flow velocity with faster closing speed is beneficial for reducing energy loss while ensuring overall safety performance. This work provides significant reference value for the structural optimization of huge butterfly valve and actuator design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations of cylindrical weir-gates with a flow extender","authors":"Amirreza Shamsi,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive analysis on the hydraulics of flow over cylindrical weir-gates with and without a flow extender, utilizing a validated numerical model. The model, validated against recent experimental data, examines the effects of various parameters including the angle of flow extender, gate opening, and submergence levels on flow characteristics, energy losses, and discharge reduction factors. The findings indicate that Results show that weir-gates equipped with a flow extender experience a notable reduction in energy losses—up to 35 % for flow extenders with angles between 0° and 10°, compared to only 19 % for weir-gates without a flow extender. While the modest impact of the flow extender on discharge capacity, it effectively minimizes downstream vortices and energy dissipation. Additionally, three distinct submerged flow regimes (Surface Jump, Surface Wave, Deeply Submerged Flow) were identified, illustrating the behavior of flow with varying submergence levels. The modular limit, marking the onset of submerged flow, decreases significantly with larger gate openings, showing a maximum reduction of 64 %. The discharge reduction factor also varies with gate opening, remaining stable under moderate conditions and then sharply declining with increased submergence. These insights are essential for optimizing the design and performance of cylindrical weir-gates across different hydraulic conditions, thereby enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Void fraction measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow based on a multi-frequency CCEIT system","authors":"Mengqi Han,&nbsp;Yandan Jiang,&nbsp;Haifeng Ji,&nbsp;Baoliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a novel void fraction measurement method of the gas-liquid two-phase flow based on a multi-frequency capacitively coupled electrical impedance tomography (MFCCEIT) system. The proposed method fully leverages the multi-frequency data of the fluid impedance by integrating the statistical and frequency features of the impedance spectroscopy. An innovative feature extraction approach is presented. It combines statistical feature analysis and impedance spectroscopy analysis to develop a hybrid feature vector consisting of both the statistical features and frequency features of the multi-frequency impedance data that are closely correlated with the void fraction. Firstly, data preprocessing steps including electrode pair grouping and frequency range segmentation are employed. Subsequently, the statistical and frequency characteristics of the multi-frequency impedance data are investigated. Correspondingly, a hybrid feature vector consisting of the average standard deviations of the impedance across multiple frequencies and the impedance spectroscopy fitting parameters is established for each flow pattern. Comparison study is conducted to seek the best fit data mining algorithm for the hybrid features, and the original void fraction measurement method combining the proposed feature extraction approach and the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithm is obtained to develop accurate void fraction measurement models. Experimental results show the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method. Under bubble flow, annular flow and stratified flow, the maximum absolute errors of the void fraction measurement method are 1.79 %, 1.91 % and 1.61 %, respectively, and the root mean squared errors (RMSEs) are 0.0046, 0.0064 and 0.0053, respectively. The research results also show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional single-frequency methods, highlighting the contributions of the multi-frequency measurement acquisition and the feature extraction approach in fully mining and utilizing the fluid impedance information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas pipeline leakage detection and localization method based on VMD-DTW","authors":"Yang Wang,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang,&nbsp;Long Feng,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of signal anomalies at the moment of leakage is crucial for acoustic-based gas pipeline leakage detection and localization. To address this, a leakage detection and localization model based on variational mode decomposition and dynamic time warping (VMD-DTW) is proposed. First, the leakage signal is decomposed using the VMD method, and an adaptive mode selection and reconstruction is performed based on the low-frequency characteristics of the leakage signal for denoising. Next, a sliding window combined with DTW is used to design an algorithm that automatically identifies continuous time windows containing transient acoustic leakage signals. The algorithm improves leakage localization accuracy by estimating the time delay within multiple windows and automatically removing anomalous values. The principles and steps of the algorithm are presented, and its effectiveness is verified through experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method offers better denoising performance and higher localization accuracy, with a localization error of only 0.247%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}