Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Anti-wear and anti-cavitation structure optimization of V-type regulating ball valve in the coal chemical industry","authors":"Weizheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Huang ,&nbsp;Hua Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the erosion wear-cavitation phenomenon of the V-type regulating ball valves in the coal chemical industry during the transportation of black water medium, which leads to sealing failures and induces flow-induced vibration issues. It is proposed to add diffusion baffles inside the sphere to transfer the erosion, while the rear valve seat adopts staggered diffusion holes to reduce the throttling cavitation effect, and the optimization scheme is verified through numerical simulations and experimental testing. The research indicates that the optimization model can cause the local jet at the throttling section to diffuse and decelerate, weakening the formation of high-speed jet flow within the sphere's flow channel. Additionally, the optimization model transfers the erosion in the sphere's upstream area to the baffle, and reduces the kinetic energy of particle collisions through the baffle's diffusion effect, thereby reducing the erosion wear on the rear valve seat and the valve sealing pair. Through quantitative analysis, the average wear rate of the optimization model's components is 30 % of the original model. Additionally, the optimization model effectively suppresses the vapor-liquid phase change within the valve, thereby weakening the flow cavitation phenomenon in the valve, and the vapor volume fraction and cavitation distribution range in the fluid domain are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the pressure pulsation coefficient in the fluid domain of the optimization model significantly decreases and exhibits periodic fluctuations, with reduced amplitude and frequency range of large-amplitude pressure pulsations, which helps to avoid the flow-induced resonance phenomenon between the valve and the liquid flow system. Experimental verification shows that the quality loss and erosion rate of the optimization model are both lower than the original model, indicating that the optimization scheme can reduce wear and suppress cavitation, thereby prolonging the valve service life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing particle size distribution in suspensions through a multi-frequency ultrasonic backscatter approach","authors":"Lili Pang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Kong ,&nbsp;Hanchuan Dong ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Lide Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle size is a critical parameter for calculating the solid phase holdup and settling velocity in pipeline suspensions. However, accurately determining solid holdup remains challenging due to the complexity and variability in multiphase suspensions, especially when the physical size of the suspended particles is unknown. We have developed a novel multi-frequency particle size measurement system that utilizes acoustic backscatter techniques. Furthermore, we propose a new particle size inversion algorithm that integrates Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) with traditional algorithms. By applying EMD, the raw echo signal is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), allowing for effective noise separation. The PCC is subsequently used to determine correlations between IMFs, improving signal reconstruction accuracy. The minimum concentration gradient continuous inversion algorithm we proposed effectively solves the multi-solution problem of the energy ratio algorithm through the minimum concentration difference method. This algorithm innovatively employs sliding window technology to accurately assess the optimal particle size range of suspended particles in the ultrasonic measurement path. Experimental results indicate that the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for particle diameters in the ranges of 280–350 μm, 450–550 μm, and 760–880 μm are 7.16 %, 3.87 %, and 4.66 %, respectively. This method provides a precise and efficient solution for measuring particle size distribution in underground pipelines, with broad applications in pipeline maintenance, sediment transport modeling, and drainage system design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission channel and nozzle optimization of silicon drying cylinder based on CFD","authors":"Haifeng Fang ,&nbsp;Hanni Yin ,&nbsp;Hanlin Sun ,&nbsp;Zheng Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The irregular distribution of hot air flow within the rotary drying cylinder of an automatic silicon material cleaning machine will result in uneven silicon drying. This research presents on-field measurements and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models to analyze the velocity and flow distribution within the gas flow channel of the rotary drying cylinder. Factors including inlet diameter, inlet velocity, outlet diameter, transmission channel segmentation, nozzle diameter, and spacing substantially influence the flow uniformity characteristics within the drying cylinder. A new truncated cone three-segment channel model is built based on the experimentally verified cylinder model. Given an inlet velocity of 30 m/s and an inlet diameter of 40 mm, the outlet diameter is reduced from 40 mm to 30 mm. Additionally, the nozzle configuration transitions from a uniform distribution along the transmission channel to an uneven distribution, with nozzles at the front, middle, and end sections having diameters of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 2.5 mm, respectively, and spaced at intervals of 20 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. The novel design can efficiently mitigate gas flow loss throughout the channel, ensuring uniform flow to the nozzle and markedly enhancing the drying efficiency of the silicon material. The optimized model's drying time is diminished by 25 % relative to the prototype model while drying efficiency has improved from 78.4 % to 84.1 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to oil-water mixture analysis: Microstrip antenna-based sensor combined with GMDH neural network","authors":"Mohammad Amir Sattari ,&nbsp;Mohsen Hayati","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstrip antenna sensors are gaining recognition in the oil industry for their compact design, cost-effectiveness, and versatility in measuring complex fluid mixtures. This study presents a novel microstrip antenna-based sensor featuring a quasi-circular resonator, designed specifically for measuring the volumetric content of oil in oil-water biphasic mixtures. Operating at three distinct resonance frequencies (5.88 GHz, 6.96 GHz, and 8.1 GHz) and housed within a 3D-printed PLA cylindrical structure, the sensor accurately analyzes spectral responses for 21 different volumetric oil-water ratios within a fixed volume of 20 mL. To address the challenge of reproducibility often associated with microstrip sensors, each mixture was tested five times and the data was fed into a Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type neural network. This approach enhances the neural network's resistance to minor input variations, ensuring more reliable predictions. The network successfully predicted the volumetric oil content with an Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of less than 0.93 and an R² value of 0.99. With an average sensitivity of 4.26 MHz/ε_r, the sensor demonstrates high effectiveness in fluid characterization, particularly in oil industry applications where precise, real-time monitoring is essential. This study not only advances microstrip antenna sensor technology but also highlights its practical utility in enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making processes within the oil sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the method for determining the flow coefficient K of an Iris damper with a flowmeter with consideration for its applicability in a wider measurement range","authors":"Jacek Wydrych ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Borsuk ,&nbsp;Sławomir Pochwała ,&nbsp;Barbara Tomaszewska-Wach ,&nbsp;Viktor Sebestyén","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In industrial practice, among many types of measuring devices, a significant group comprises instruments for measuring velocity as well as single-phase and two-phase flow rates. Due to numerous measurement challenges, manufacturers of such equipment strive to obtain highly accurate measurement results while keeping the devices simple in structure and operation. Several measurement methods meet these criteria. One proposed measurement device based on pressure difference measurement is the commercial Iris damper with a flowmeter. The authors of a notable study conducted research on this flowmeter under atypical flow conditions. Additionally, they modified the method of determining the correction coefficient K for this type of flowmeter, which represents a novelty in their work. The obtained measurement results indicate the possibility of applying this measurement device in a significantly wider range of flow rates than specified by the manufacturer. The investigated Iris flowmeter can be a suitable instrument for measuring gas flow rates up to 600 l/s, while simultaneously exhibiting a measurement uncertainty of 0.5 % of the measured value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference frequency variance-based rapid identification method for vortex flow rate under mixed vibration interference","authors":"Chunli Shao ,&nbsp;Jie Qian ,&nbsp;Yalei Gu ,&nbsp;Shuanglong Yang ,&nbsp;Kejun Xu ,&nbsp;Yingxue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline systems in industrial applications may encounter strong mixed vibration interference, resulting in measurement errors of vortex flowmeters. Current research primarily addresses single types of vibration interference. Various signals output by vortex flow sensors under diverse operating conditions were analyzed to tackle the issue of mixed vibration interference. The amplitude and frequency characteristics of transient impact-type interferences were studied. The differences in frequency fluctuations between periodic interferences and periodic signals were investigated. Then, a method based on reference frequency variance was proposed to resist mixed vibration interference. The primary calculation load of this method arises from the execution of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). To meet the instrument requirements of low-power consumption and real-time performance, a multipoint FFT method based on a low-power accelerator built-in microcontroller was proposed, which remarkably improved the calculation speed of multipoint FFT and conserved storage space. The reference frequency variance-based antimixed vibration interference algorithm was implemented in real time using a low-power vortex flowmeter system developed by our team, and an antimixed vibration interference gas flow verification experiment was conducted. The method can accurately identify vortex flow signals when the interference energy of the periodic type and the main mode energy of the transient impact surpasses the energy of the flow signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pipeline leak detection based on generative adversarial networks under small samples","authors":"Dongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Sun ,&nbsp;Jingyi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the actual industrial process, it is challenging to obtain samples of oil and gas pipeline leaks resulting in the scarcity of training data samples suitable for fault diagnosis. In order to tackle this issue, this paper suggests a method a Recursive Generalization self-attention generative adversarial network (RAGAN) aided by Wasserstein distance with gradient penalty. The initial step involves applying the short time Fourier transform to the acoustic signal of oil and gas pipeline leakage, treating it as real data. Subsequently, both the real data and random noise following a Gaussian distribution are fed into the generator. The output is utilised as a pseudo sample. The Wasserstein distance of the distribution of real data and fake samples is introduced as a loss term in the discriminator, and a gradient penalty is added. Finally, the network optimizes the parameters through back propagation until Nash equilibrium. PSNR and SSIM are used as sample reliability evaluation. The results show that the fake samples have high similarity with the real samples, which can be used to expand small sample data. Moreover, extending pseudo samples to small sample data sets can effectively improve the performance of fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-based axial steady-state hydrodynamic study and structural optimization of miniature switching valve","authors":"Wanxu Yang ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Jikang Xu ,&nbsp;Guangchun Xiao ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuhang Sun ,&nbsp;Qingguang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Miniature switching valve internal flow pattern is relatively complex, in the working process of the hydraulic valve cavity often produces low-pressure areas, and eddy currents, as well as leads to spool deformation and displacement of the hydrodynamic force and other phenomena. This affects the stability of the internal flow field of the hydraulic valve, especially when the hydraulic pressure is too large to block the spool movement, inaccurate action is present, or even spool opening and closing failure is jitter out of control. Other phenomena, this paper designs a new type of spool and body combination of miniature switching hydraulic valves, to reduce its axial hydraulic pressure. Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the hydraulic valve with different seat angles was established; secondly, CFD numerical analysis of the model was carried out using FLUENT, and the axial steady state hydrodynamic force was studied by comparing the simulation results. The results show that by simultaneously modifying the geometry of the spool and the valve body, the axial component of the hydrodynamic force can be significantly reduced, thus significantly changing the magnitude of the axial hydrodynamic force of the switching valve, to satisfy the requirement of reducing the driving force required for the work, and to achieve the reduction of power consumption. Finally through the hydraulic valve comprehensive test bench to verify the accuracy of the miniature switching valve, through the research of this paper, can provide a certain reference for the design and research of the switching valve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid-structure interaction analysis on flow field and vibration characteristics of gas proportional valve","authors":"Fengguo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wan ,&nbsp;Shihua Cao ,&nbsp;Dongfang Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangqian Liu ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas proportional valve (GPV) is used as the gas regulator for fully premixed low nitrogen condensing boiler, with the pressure regulation and flow output capacity determined by the condition of the valve core. To investigate the reliability of GPV valve core in engineering applications, this paper establishes three-dimensional models of the flow and solid fields, employing a coupled calculation method known as the two-way fluid-structure interaction method to analyze the characteristics of the flow field and the stability of the valve core. The results indicate that with the valve core opening, the vortex structures gradually form on both sides of the upper diaphragm, and the vibration strength of the valve core gradually increases with the formations of the vortices. The valve core vibrates the most strongly in the outflow direction, and the upper diaphragm oscillates between −0.05 mm and 0.03 mm. When the valve core is first opened to its maximum height, there will be a 0.2 mm impact rebound, and then gradually stabilize at the maximum opening position of 8 mm. Maximum stress always occurs at the stem to diaphragms connections, especially in the initial opening stage, where the stress reaching 5.17 MPa but remaining within the allowable limit of 30 MPa. This study also compares the flow field excitation with the valve core's natural frequency, identifying potential valve core resonance. This work provides valuable guidance for the flow field characteristics and valve core safety prediction of pneumatic GPVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of influencing factors and uncertainty assessment of high-pressure natural gas primary standard facility","authors":"Wei Han ,&nbsp;Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhe Guo ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Yingqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Panwen Xu ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Wen ,&nbsp;Yucheng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mass-time high-pressure natural gas flow standard device is the highest level natural gas flow measurement standard in China. It is mainly used to reproduce the mass flow of high-pressure natural gas and transfer the value. Due to its important position in the value traceability transmission systems, it is of great significance to improve its uncertainty. This article first introduces the working principle and component equipment of mass-time high-pressure natural gas flow standard device, and the influencing factors and control measures of the recurring mass flow uncertainty are given. Then the calculation model and uncertainty evaluation model of the mass flow rate of the standard device and the discharge coefficient of the critical flow nozzle are given. Finally, based on the calculation model, two critical flow nozzles are calibrated and tested, and their repeatability and stability indicators are discussed and analyzed. After analysis, it can be concluded that the measurement performance of the mass-time high-pressure natural gas flow standard device is stable, which can make the uncertainty of the reproduced mass flow rate less than 0.05 % (<em>k</em> = 2), and the uncertainty of the calibrated discharge coefficient of critical flow nozzle is less than 0.1 %(<em>k</em> = 2).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}