Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Modeling and verification of rotor pump efficiency and flow on calculus methods","authors":"Yulong Lei ,&nbsp;Wenzhao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Maohan Xue ,&nbsp;Yao Fu ,&nbsp;Shaohua Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical element in transmission lubrication and hydraulic control systems, the rotor oil pump plays a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of lubrication and control in automatic transmissions, thereby influencing their overall lifespan. To optimize energy utilization and reduce system energy losses, it is essential to explore the key factors affecting the efficiency of rotor pumps and enhance their operational performance. Traditional studies on rotor pumps typically emphasize performance indicators such as flow rate and output torque, often relying on finite element simulations. However, while finite element methods provide useful insights into flow and torque characteristics, they are limited by long computational durations and high sensitivity to boundary condition assumptions, which are frequently subjective. Consequently, they offer limited accuracy in evaluating critical parameters like volumetric and mechanical efficiency. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a lumped parameter model derived from a detailed analysis of the volume variation within a single pump cavity. The model incorporates the deformation characteristics of the leakage area and achieves a balance between modeling simplicity, computational efficiency, and predictive accuracy. The leakage zone between high- and low-pressure regions—characterized by non-uniform thickness—is found to significantly affect pump efficiency, necessitating quantitative evaluation of its impact.</div><div>In this research, the rotor pump serves as the primary object of investigation. A volume cavity model is formulated using the lumped parameter approach, taking into account the deformation of the leakage zone. Based on precise modeling of the volume change, separate models for volumetric and mechanical losses are constructed. Analysis reveals that the clearance between the cover plate and the rotors contributes significantly to drag torque, thereby influencing mechanical efficiency. Experimental testing is conducted to validate the model, with the results used to examine changes in outlet flow, input torque, and various efficiency metrics, including volumetric, mechanical, and total efficiency. The experimental outcomes verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the lumped parameter model in assessing rotor pump performance. Findings indicate that with increasing outlet pressure, hydraulic force and axial preload tend to balance, leading to reduced friction torque and an initial rise in mechanical efficiency. However, higher temperatures reduce oil viscosity, adversely affecting volumetric efficiency. These results imply that maintaining effective thermal management in rotor pump systems is critical for achieving enhanced overall efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer analysis and experimental verification in flexible MEMS thermal films","authors":"Jinjin Wang ,&nbsp;Limin Xiao ,&nbsp;Kai Jiang ,&nbsp;Guangchao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenjiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides the convective heat transfer on the surface by a fluid, a considerable portion of the heat in a thermal film is lost to the sensor substrate and measured wall via heat conduction. Heat loss negatively impacts the frequency response and sensitivity of thermal films. To maximise the frequency response and sensitivity, the substrate material must be prioritised according to the frequency response criteria for screening. The effects of wind speed on the frequency response and of substrate thickness on sensitivity were investigated. First, a heat-transfer model was established, mathematical calculations were conducted, and materials with superior comprehensive performance were chosen as flexible substrates. Subsequently, FLUENT was used for three-dimensional simulations of the thermal film heat transfer. The results confirm the appropriate selection of the substrate in terms of heat transfer distribution. The effect of substrate thickness on the thermal film heat transfer was studied. Finally, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to verify the effect of wind speed on the response time and that of substrate thickness on sensitivity. Through mathematical calculations, simulations, and experiments, it was confirmed that wind speed has a positive effect on the frequency response, the substrate with lower thermal-conductivity and diffusivity is the optimal choice, and the substrate thickness has a positive effect on sensitivity. To measure fluid parameters such as the shear stress using the flexible MEMS thermal film, a thicker substrate was chosen as much as possible until it interfered with the fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation-based flow field analysis and structural optimization of the spool in an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve","authors":"Sen Chen ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Li ,&nbsp;Qingguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shipeng Shangguan ,&nbsp;Lanzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the operation of electro-hydraulic proportional direction valve, the pressure and speed at the valve port will change due to the change of flow area, and the hydraulic oil flow phenomenon is complicated, with large pressure drop and turbulent kinetic energy resulting in large energy loss. In order to restrain the generation and influence of the vortex at the concave corner of the spool, reduce the turbulent kinetic energy, and reduce the energy loss of the proportional direction valve, this paper adds the structure of upper and lower arc and bevel at the spool shoulder, concave angle and the inlet and outlet flow channel to reduce the turbulent kinetic energy and reduce the generation of air pockets and vortices. Firstly, the three-dimensional model was established with UG, and then CFD numerical analysis was carried out with Ansys. The flow field characteristics were analyzed by comparing the simulation results. Secondly, the main parameters of the spool were optimized and analyzed by response surface method to obtain the optimal structural parameters. The results show that the optimized spool can effectively optimize the oil flow condition in the flow channel. Compared with the original spool, the optimized spool can reduce the lowest by 16.5 % and the highest by 38.7 % under the same conditions, effectively reduce the turbulent kinetic energy, inhibit the generation and development of vorticity, and prolong the service life of the spool. Finally, the accuracy of the spool of the spool valve was verified through experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of static pressure measurement errors from wall taps on cryogenic supercritical helium flow measurement in Venturi flowmeters","authors":"Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Xuheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the influence of static pressure measurement errors from wall taps on the performance of supercritical helium Venturi flowmeters, integrating cryogenic experimental characterization and CFD simulations. Results show that the non-dimensional static pressure error <span><math><mrow><mi>Π</mi></mrow></math></span> increases significantly with tap Reynolds number and diameter ratio. This error leads to systematic underestimation of the measured differential pressure and subsequent overestimation of the discharge coefficient. The throat region, characterized by extremely high wall shear stress, exhibits an order-of-magnitude higher static pressure error than upstream taps, emerging as the primary source of differential pressure deviation. Due to the low viscosity of supercritical helium, these errors are significantly smaller than those in water or air. Reducing the throat tap diameter effectively minimizes discharge coefficient bias, whereas variations in upstream tap diameter have negligible impact. This study provides theoretical and experimental foundations for discharge coefficient correction in cryogenic Venturi flowmeters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse reconstruction of ECT based on L1 regularization and nuclear regularization with the split Bregman iteration","authors":"Xianglong Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Huilin Feng ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), which is a versatile tomography technique for imaging the permittivity distribution based on the capacitance measurements. Image reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography is ill-posed and ill-conditioned, which makes the solutions not unique and sensitive to measurement disturbance. In this study, a multi-feature objective functional that combines <em>L</em>₂-norm as data fidelity term, <em>L</em>₁ regularization and nuclear regularization as regularizers is proposed to improve the imaging quality. The proposed method emphasizes the sparsity and low-rank characteristics of the imaging object and transforms the image reconstruction task into an optimization problem. The Split Bregman algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the proposed objective functional by decomposing the complex optimization problems into several simple iterative sub-tasks. Numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, a flexible modular 8-electrode ring-shaped ECT system is constructed to further test the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on flow and pressure pulsation optimization of roller piston pump with triangular damping groove","authors":"Chenchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Dexun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Lu ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Jian Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The roller piston pump uses rolling bearings to replace the sliding friction pairs of the axial piston pump, which significantly improves working efficiency and widens the applicable speed range. Flow and pressure pulsations are critical factors affecting the vibration and noise of roller piston pumps. To achieve low-noise stable operation, this paper proposes an optimization strategy using triangular damping grooves for pulsation suppression. Since reverse flow directly affects the amplitude of pressure pulsation, this paper first establishes an analytical model of the backflow before and after optimization, and compares and analyzes the effect of the triangular damping groove on reducing backflow. Secondly, CFD numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the pressure and flow changes in the piston chamber before and after optimization. The results showed that at 3000 rpm/5 MPa, the flow pulsation rate decreased from 23.4 % to 11.1 %, and the pressure pulsation rate decreased from 9.8 % to 4.2 %. At 5000 rpm/5 MPa, the flow pulsation rate decreased from 22.1 % to 9.9 %, and the pressure pulsation rate decreased from 10.6 % to 7.4 %. The optimized distribution grooves significantly reduced pulsation levels by suppressing backflow. Finally, a dedicated test bench is constructed to validate the results. The experiments demonstrated that at 3000 rpm/5 MPa, the pressure pulsation rate decreased from 11.2 % to 5.3 %, and at 5000 rpm/5 MPa, it decreased from 11.9 % to 6.8 %. The experimental results are in good agreement with the CFD simulations, confirming the effectiveness of the triangular damping groove optimization and the accuracy of the numerical simulations. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical engineering guidance for the design of low-pulsation roller piston pump.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive flow rate measurement using self-mixing optical feedback interferometry for point-of-use microfluidic applications","authors":"Vibhor Kumar Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Amita Thakur ,&nbsp;Surita Maini","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A precise knowledge of the flow rate in microscale fluidic devices is one of the key challenges in modern diagnostics. Flow rate has a direct impact on diffusion rates during chemical processing, which in turn minimizes the quantity of minute samples needed for testing. The flow rate measurement methods reported to date either require a relatively bulky optical arrangement, or maintaining their form factor at a low cost is not feasible. To address this issue, Self-Mixing Optical Feedback Interferometry (SM-OFI) is being widely explored for the design of microfluidic flowmetry devices, owing to its portability and cost-effective structure. However, measuring the variable flow rate is still a limitation for SM-OFI systems. In this paper, the authors present a predictive analysis-based measurement method to estimate the flow rate. The proposed method is based on an auto-regressive least mean square algorithm, and the variations in the flow rates are solved as a Quadratic Performance Surface (QPS) problem. The proposed method was experimentally verified using different test samples prepared with distilled water, benzyl chloride, and methylene iodide. The statistical analysis performed on the experimental results revealed a strong linear correlation with the true values, with an R-squared value of 0.9997 and a standard error of 0.0013. The proposed method achieves a resolution of 1.1828 μL/min with a standard uncertainty of 0.1860 μL/min. It also features a well-aligned, real-time measurement scheme integrated into a compact optical structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-based flow field study of Triple-crossed elliptical injector nozzle","authors":"Hailong Ji ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Ning Guo ,&nbsp;Qingguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lanzheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a third-generation electronically controlled fuel injection system, the high-pressure common rail injection system for diesel engines plays a crucial role in improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions. In this paper, an in-depth analysis and improvement of the flow field characteristics of the injector nozzle is carried out, with a view to improving the flow characteristics of the injector nozzle and committing to the development of high-pressure injectors with high flow performance. This paper uses CFD to analyse and improve the original injector nozzle, establishes and verifies the fluid simulation model of SAC-type ultra-high-pressure injector nozzle, and improves the structure of the original injector nozzle, and designs a triple-crossed elliptical orifice-shaped injector nozzle. A comparative analysis shows that the cavitation intensity in the improved scheme is significantly reduced, and in addition, the average flow coefficient of the injector nozzles under the improved triple-crossed elliptical orifice is significantly better than the average mass flow rate of the original circular orifice scheme by about 57.82 % in the Inlet Pressure range of 100–200 MPa, and its average flow velocity is increased by about 25.86 %. Also the mass flow rate and velocity of the improved nozzle under 5–45 MPa back pressure was increased by about 46.01 % and 30.55 % respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of noise reduction for ultra high speed electric air compressor in fuel cell vehicles based on multi method fusion","authors":"Donghai Hu ,&nbsp;Jonathan Emmanuel Mangeleka ,&nbsp;Yan Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operation of super-high-speed electric air compressors (SHSEAC) induces intense turbulent airflow and noise, significantly degrading user comfort. Existing noise studies, primarily focused on low-speed compressors, fail to address SHSEAC's distinct structural, flow, and acoustic characteristics. In this paper, aerodynam-ic noise generated by the SHSEAC is improved based on internal flow performance using a coupled computational fluid dynamics-computational aeroacoustic (CFD-CAA) simulation method. Firstly, a numerical model of SHSEAC was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified through experiments under idle, rated, and peak operating conditions (corresponding to 34000 rpm, 86500 rpm, and 95000 rpm, respectively). Secondly, propose a multi-objective optimization approach (MOOA)-Pareto-based to structure optimization is performed to improve both internal flow and acoustic field. The coupled simulation results indicate that the optimized structure improves the airflow and reduces turbulence between the two stages. The mean noise level (SPL) of the SHSEAC at 1m away from the boundary is minimized by 7.85 %,4.45 %, and 5.15 % at 34000 rpm, 86500 rpm, and 95000 rpm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic pressure measurement of ionic wind, generated by multi-emitter discharge for drying systems","authors":"Pejman Naderi,&nbsp;Alex Martynenko","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ionic wind, generated by corona discharge from sharp emitters, is extensively used for propulsion and heat/mass transfer enhancement. Accurate speed measurement is critical to optimize the performance of ionic wind generators, especially in systems with multiple emitters where non-uniform flow is prevalent. To address this, a digital balance is used to measure the average speed of the ionic wind using dynamic pressure. The comparison with hot-wire and vane anemometers showed the advantages of dynamic pressure measurement of non-uniform ionic wind speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}