Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"The mechanism of the cavitation flow's spatiotemporal evolution and flow-induced instability","authors":"Rui Han ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Beibei Li ,&nbsp;Qiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yujia Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation inside the regulating valve significantly affects the control accuracy, causing vibration, noise, and structural failure. The periodic distribution characteristics of cavitation flow fields were investigated through visualization experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The coupling relationship between the periodic evolution of cavitation and re-entrant jet was analyzed, and a quantitative method to evaluate cavitation flow instability was also proposed. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the re-entrant jet and the periodic evolution of the cavitation flow field as well as flow instability. Under the influence of re-entrant jet, cavitation was divided into attached cavitation and free cavitation. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of both attached and free cavitation change periodically, accompanied by four distinct processes: inception, growth, shedding, and collapse. The collapse of cavitation generates re-entrant jet at the trailing end of the cavitation collapse region. The re-entrant jet ascends and interacts with the cavitation structure, accelerating the contraction of attached cavitation, the shedding and collapse of free cavitation, thereby promoting the transition of cavitation to the next cycle. The re-entrant jet interacts with the cavitation structure at <em>t</em>₀+3<em>T</em>/7 and <em>t</em>₀+5<em>T</em>/7, respectively, destabilizing the cavitation flow in the regulating valve and leading to the first and second cavitation shedding events. This research reveals the periodic evolution of cavitation flow field and the mechanism of flow instability in the regulating valve, providing a significant theoretical reference for the warning technology of the cavitation flow instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental measurement of particle flow and energy performance in a centrifugal pump","authors":"Ling Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ling Bai ,&nbsp;Xianghui Su ,&nbsp;Bing Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pumps are among the most critical equipment in deep-sea mining, and the transported mineral particles directly influence pump performance and operational longevity. To investigate the particle motion mechanism and its influence on pump performance, high-speed photographic visualization experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of the Particle Reynolds number (Re_t) on particle dynamics within the pump. The results reveal that at low Re_t values, particles are randomly distributed within the pump. However, as Re_t increases, particles gradually migrate towards the blade pressure surface and deposit on the volute wall. Particles enter the impeller at divergent angles, collide with the blades, and ultimately accumulate near the blade trailing edges after stabilization. After entering the impeller, the radial distance from the rotation center to particle impact points on the blades decreases with impeller rotation. Absolute trajectory analysis indicates that larger particles traverse the impeller faster, whereas relative trajectory analysis reveals their tendency to concentrate near the blade pressure surface. At low Re_t, the head exhibits a slight increasing trend. As Re_t and particle volume fraction increase, the head gradually declines. Based on comprehensive experimental data, a head reduction equation incorporating median particle size, density, and volume fraction was developed and validated. These findings elucidate particle motion mechanisms and offer theoretical insights for designing solid-liquid two-phase flow pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence of air-injection on cavitation characteristics of pump-turbine under turbine condition","authors":"Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Pan ,&nbsp;Yuzhuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Baoshan Zhu ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjun He","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of cavitation not only reduces the hydraulic performance of the unit but also generates vibrations and noise. In severe cases, cavitation can cause erosion damage to the flow components, significantly shortening the operational lifespan of the unit. Previous studies on air injection in pump-turbine experiments have mainly focused on vibration reduction or improvements in various unstable flow conditions, with limited research on air injection for Cavitation improvement. In this study, short air injection pipe were installed at the adjustable guide vane region and the main shaft center to inject air into the fluid domain. The effects of different air injection locations and concentrations on cavitation improvement in key flow components were analyzed. The results show that at cavitation coefficient <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.176</mn></mrow></math></span> (mild cavitation) and an air injection volume fraction (<em>IAVF</em>) of 4 % in the adjustable guide vane region, the cavitation bubbles attached to the turbine blades and the runner cone surface were significantly reduced. At cavitation coefficient <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.02</mn></mrow></math></span> (severe cavitation) and an <em>IAVF</em> of 6 % in the adjustable guide vane region, the maximum pressure values at the chord line of the blade and the draft tube region increased by 0.9 kPa and 1.8 kPa, respectively. When the <em>IAVF</em> at the main shaft center was 5 %, the maximum pressure in the draft tube region increased by 0.8 kPa. Both air injection schemes significantly reduced the cavitation volume in the draft tube region. It is evident that the increase in pressure reduced the extent of cavitation, with air injection at the main shaft center showing a more significant effect on cavitation improvement in the draft tube region. With the increase of <em>IAVF</em> (Injected Air Volume Fraction), the efficiency of the pump-turbine gradually rises. However, the injected air introduces additional turbulent kinetic energy, resulting in energy loss. The study reveals that the optimal aeration rate is <em>IAVF</em> = 6 % for air injection in the guide vane region, while <em>IAVF</em> ≈ 3.3 % achieves optimal performance for air injection at the main shaft center.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of multi-jet water meters: Impact of aging under varying flow rates and water pressure levels","authors":"Asli Nur Rizvanoglu,&nbsp;M. Batuhan Okumus,&nbsp;I. Ethem Karadirek","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate metering is essential for correct billing, identifying errors, and establishing a water balance for effective water loss control. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of widely used multi-jet water meters, ranging in age from new to 12 years, tested under varying flow rates and water pressures. Additionally, the annual consumption of a sample of 50 users was monitored to define typical flow rates and consumption profiles for determining the weighted error. A total of 560 m exposed to high water hardness were analyzed. A three-way ANOVA was conducted to assess whether measurement errors varied based on meter age, flow rate, and water pressure.</div><div>The results indicate that flow rate is the most significant factor influencing metering errors across all age groups, while age plays a secondary role. For meters aged 6–12 years, the impact of age on measurement accuracy is minimal and statistically insignificant. Water pressure has a negligible effect on metering errors for meters aged new to 5 years, but its influence becomes slightly more noticeable when considering meters aged 6–12 years. This study provides valuable insights into the performance degradation of aging water meters and emphasize the importance of performance analysis to ensure reliable metering. By effectively managing metering errors, water utilities can increase revenue and enhance capacity to provide better long-term services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved optical method for spatial phase distribution measurement of slug flow in small channels","authors":"Chenlin Teng,&nbsp;Zewei Liu,&nbsp;Haifeng Ji,&nbsp;Baoliang Wang,&nbsp;Zhiyao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an improved optical method which can fully exploit the light intensity distribution information for measuring spatial phase distribution of slug flow in small channels. Two high-speed CMOS array sensors (in horizontal and vertical directions) are used to capture the information of light intensity distributions (including the straight-line and the curved light intensity distributions). A spherical surface geometric model is used to characterize the spatial phase distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase interface of slug flow more accurately. In addition, the measurement correlations between the geometric features of spatial phase distributions and the characteristics of light intensity distributions are analyzed and the measurement model is established. The improved method not only considers the phase distribution characteristics of each independent cross-section, but also extends the correlations and measurement model to the three-dimensional spatial phase distributions through integrating the light intensity distribution information, realizing more accurate profile reconstruction. Experiments are carried out in three small channels with different inner diameters. The reconstructed profiles of spatial phase distributions are in good accordance with the actual images and show more details in the nose and tail parts of the gas slugs, with the maximum average symmetric surface distance of 0.2779 mm. The void fraction is subsequently estimated, with the maximum absolute error of −4.91 % and the maximum root mean squared error of 0.0264. The research results show the effectiveness and enhanced accuracy of the improved method compared with other optical methods, which can provide a useful reference for other related works.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel ECT image reconstruction method based on the deblurring diffusion model","authors":"Yan-Dong Liu ,&nbsp;Xin-Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Shi-Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of low reconstruction accuracy in Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) images, we propose an imaging method based on a deblurring diffusion model, transforming the image reconstruction into image generation. In cases where the noise type affecting the ECT image reconstruction cannot be determined, inspired by the cold diffusion model, we use an alpha kernel instead of Gaussian noise to perform the image blurring process. During the deblurring process, we utilize the U-Net as the backbone network and incorporated the Linear Attention module to improve imaging accuracy. Additionally, recognizing the similarity between image error metrics and the Dice function, we integrate the Dice function into the loss. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the image errors and correlation coefficients using the proposed method outperform those achieved with the LBP, Tikhonov, Landweber, and classic CNNs. Finally, we deploy the proposed algorithm to the actual ECT system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method for estimation of velocity distribution in the river based on single point of velocity measurement","authors":"Hanieh Kakavandi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Heidari,&nbsp;Rasool Ghobadian","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the velocity distribution within open channels is crucial for both hydraulic engineering and research due to its extensive practical uses. This study introduces an improved two-dimensional flow velocity model based on the simplified Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for predicting velocity distribution and estimating discharge in open channels. The finite volume method, integrated with an unstructured triangular mesh, is employed for the numerical solution of the equations. The approach to calculating turbulent viscosity significantly affects the model's precision. In this case, the turbulent eddy viscosity is determined using the mixing-length theory. The eddy viscosity in open channels is ascertained by measuring velocity at a central point in the river's cross-section, which then informs the computation of eddy viscosity and velocity distribution throughout the channel. Various experimental scenarios, including different channel cross-sections and roughness conditions, were examined to validate the model. The findings confirm that the model reliably predicts velocity distribution and river discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved method for sample mixing, handling and analysis in high water cut samples","authors":"Pamela I. Chacon ,&nbsp;Richard Guilbeau ,&nbsp;Gary Potten ,&nbsp;James Strawn","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operating production facilites in mature fields globally pose both measurement challenges and opportunities. When production depletes, facility operations may transition from three-phase to two-phase production separation resulting in allocation measurement of oil and water mixtures.</div><div>There are two common approaches used for production allocation measurement to determine water cut: online water cut analyzers (WCA) and sampling.Sampling can be spot or automatic, with automatic sampling preferred for custody applications when water content is less than 5 % by volume. Spot sampling is the common method used for field verifying WCA. The most common technique for determining water content in a sample is by centrifuge; however, the centrifuge methods lack published reproducibility and repeatability data at high water cuts (&gt;5 % water in oil by volume). Sample handling and mixing with high water concentrations are also a severe challenge, especially with light oils and products which don't mix well. As WCAs are used more and more in high water cut production allocation, an accurate methodology for verifying the instruments is required for broad industry acceptance but the current industry guidance is very limited.</div><div>This paper describes an improved method for sample handling, and mixing and describes the proof of concept of using existing methods for analysis of high water cut samples for production allocation measurement developed in support of WCA verification. The testing described in this paper used water cuts 15–95 % by volume, and three hydrocarbons: two crudes and one distillate oil. The data demonstrates the range of the standard methods (API 10.3 and API 10.4) could be expanded while meeting or exceeding the current reproducibility requirements of API MPMS Ch 8 and Ch 10.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choke flow oil rate through surface data: Modeling via rigorous methods","authors":"Jian Shen ,&nbsp;Muntadher Abed Hussein ,&nbsp;Bhavesh Kanabar ,&nbsp;Anupam Yadav ,&nbsp;Asha Rajiv ,&nbsp;Aman Shankhyan ,&nbsp;Sachin Jaidka ,&nbsp;Manu Mehul ,&nbsp;Issa Mohammed Kadhim ,&nbsp;Zainab Jamal Hamoodah ,&nbsp;Fadhil Faez ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahtab Alam ,&nbsp;Hojjat Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of choke flow oil rates under critical flow conditions is essential to optimizing crude oil production. This study utilizes field data derived from a Middle Eastern oil production area, incorporating surface parameters such as choke size, wellhead pressure, gas-oil ratio (GOR), basic sediments and water content (BS&amp;W), and oil API to predict oil flow rates through Random Forest machine learning models. Advanced metaheuristic optimization techniques enhanced hyperparameter tuning and model performance, including the Bat Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, Cuckoo Search Algorithm, and Dragonfly Algorithm. The data-driven models were developed using k-fold cross-validation to ensure robustness and minimize overfitting. Comparative analysis of optimization methods reveals that the Genetic Algorithm delivers superior results across key performance metrics, including R², MSE, and AARE%, validating its efficacy for predictive tasks. This study emphasizes integrating advanced optimization methods with machine learning models to improve oil extraction operations' reliability, predictive accuracy, and production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization design and stability investigation of non-circular planetary gears transmission system","authors":"Junhai Guo ,&nbsp;Changbin Dong ,&nbsp;Yongping Liu ,&nbsp;Dawei Li ,&nbsp;Juan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy of the mathematical model for non-circular planetary gears is crucial for improving the stability and lifespan of hydraulic motors. Traditional mathematical models have limitations in terms of precision and construction complexity, often leading to tooth interference issues during gear meshing. To address these problems, this paper uses Fourier fitting to construct high-order elliptical and double-arc pitch curves, obtaining continuous and precise mathematical expressions. Further, the negative modification coefficient of the planetary gears is optimized through multibody dynamic simulations to prevent tooth interference. A comparison of the stability characteristics of the two non-circular planetary gear structures shows that the high-order elliptical gear exhibits superior stability and lower flow pulsation compared to the double-arc gear. The findings provide a more accurate theoretical basis for optimizing non-circular planetary gear hydraulic motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}