Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Flow characteristics prediction of the tri-eccentric butterfly valve based on the Multi-Scale Fusion Attention method and Kolmogorov-Arnold network","authors":"Xinliang Yang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Lü ,&nbsp;Le Xu ,&nbsp;Yushan Ma ,&nbsp;Ruibo Chen ,&nbsp;Qingan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tri-eccentric butterfly valve is widely used in the petrochemical, energy, and other industries. The flow coefficient and hydrodynamic torque are key parameters of the tri-eccentric butterfly valve. Rapid and accurate prediction of these parameters can improve the control accuracy of fluid flow and ensure the efficient and stable operation of the valve. Deep learning techniques offer a promising approach for predicting flow characteristics. This paper proposed a novel network structure based on the Multi-Scale Fusion Attention module (MSFA) and Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KAN) to predict the flow coefficient and hydrodynamic torque. The proposed MSFA module enhances the multi-scale perception ability and integrates both high-level and low-level features to improve information representation. The KAN network replaces the linear weights and activation functions of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with learnable B-spline basis functions, which enhances regression prediction performance. The results indicate that the proposed MSFA module effectively improves both the prediction accuracy and convergence of base models such as MLP and KAN. The MSFA-KAN model achieves a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.61 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D digital proportional flow valve and characteristic analysis","authors":"Quanchao Dai,&nbsp;Jiake Wang,&nbsp;Chengtao Zhu,&nbsp;Sheng Li,&nbsp;Wenang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of hydraulic components is trending toward lightweight, high precision, high flow rates, strong contamination resistance, and low leakage. A novel 2D digital proportional flow valve is proposed, the high- and low-pressure grooves on the spool, combined with the inclined groove on the sleeve, form a hydraulic damping half-bridge that controls the pressure difference at both ends of the spool based on its rotational angle. The operating principle of the valve was detailed, and a mathematical model was derived. Based on the model, stability analysis was conducted for different key structural parameters. A co-simulation model using Simulink, AMESim, and Adams was built to investigate the effects of various structural parameters on the main valve's performance. Finally, a prototype was manufactured and subjected to performance testing. The prototype weighs approximately 941 g. Under a system pressure of 14 MPa and full-scale input, it achieves a hysteresis of 4.6 %, a linearity of 7 %, a maximum leakage of 0.26 L/min, a step response time of 39 ms, an amplitude bandwidth of 16 Hz, and a phase bandwidth of 17 Hz. The 2D digital proportional flow valve features a simple structure, low leakage, high power-to-weight ratio, and excellent control accuracy and response speed, making it a suitable solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardware acceleration of electromagnetic tomography image reconstruction based on FPGA","authors":"Qingli Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Ze Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic tomography faces significant challenges due to its ill-posed and nonlinear inverse problem, which impairs image reconstruction quality and increases computational cost. This paper proposes an efficient deep learning-based image reconstruction method, accelerated by a customized convolutional neural network implemented on FPGA, where traditional fully connected layers are replaced with convolutional layers. A high-quality dataset was generated through joint simulation with COMSOL and MATLAB to train the model. Convolution and pooling operations were implemented as hardware IP cores via high-level synthesis, ensuring efficient execution on FPGA’s programmable logic. The design was implemented and validated on Xilinx Zynq-7000 system-on-chip. Experimental results show a 30.5% reduction in execution time compared to an ARM-based implementation, while achieving high reconstruction accuracy with an average relative error of 0.4503 and a correlation coefficient of 0.8632. These results highlight the potential of the proposed method for enabling real-time and online imaging in practical electromagnetic tomography applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wake characteristics of a circular cylinder with a short flat plate at an angle in one of the separated shear layers","authors":"Balwant N. Bhasme ,&nbsp;Shailendra D. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow over the circular cylinder and its wake is an important topic for many investigators because of its practical importance in engineering applications. It is a well-known fact that a plate at an angle of attack generates circulation. By keeping a flat plate in the wake at an angle of attack, its effect on the wake has not been studied. In the present investigation, a short flat plate is placed in one of the separated shear layers behind the circular cylinder to see its effect on the wake structure.</div><div>The investigation is carried out in three phases. Initially, flow visualization is done by colour dye injection method at <em>R</em>_<em>e</em> = 650; in the second phase, the surface pressure measurements are done by using surface pressure taps and manometers at <em>R</em>_<em>e</em> = 19300 and in the third phase, the wake measurements are done by using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry technique at <em>R</em>_<em>e</em> = 19300. The plate is placed asymmetrically at various angles, and it is moved at two streamwise locations, <em>G/D</em> = 0.5 and 1. The effect of a short flat plate on the suppression of vortex shedding, reduction of drag and changes in the wake structure is studied in the present investigation. It is seen from the flow visualization results that at a lower Reynolds number, a short flat plate suppresses the vortex shedding. At higher Reynolds number, pressure measurements show a considerable reduction in drag of 21 % for a short plate angle of <em>α</em> = 12 at <em>G/D</em> = 0.5. The turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds stresses, both normal and shear, decrease sharply in comparison with those for the bare cylinder by 47 %, 50 %, and 53 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative modeling of discharge coefficients for rectangular C-type piano key side weirs using GPR-POA and LSTM techniques","authors":"Yaser Mehri ,&nbsp;Mohsen Nasrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rectangular piano key side weirs (RPKSW) usually use and install in the outer arch of the channels, which is a convenient location for side weirs. As well, the calculation of the discharge coefficient (C_d) in the weirs is of particular importance in their proper design. Accordingly, in the present study, first, the number of 239 experiments were performed on C-Type RPKSW at two arc angles of 30 and 120°. First, two data-mining models of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were utilized for modelling. Then, the data-mining models were developed using the Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) to enhance the discharge coefficient predictions of basic models. By evaluating these models, it was found that the optimization (POA) performed on GPR was effective and caused a reduction in the prediction error of the weir discharge coefficient. The parameters of α, p_d/B, L/R_c, P/h₁, L/b, and F₁ were identified as effective parameters on the weir discharge coefficient. Due to data normalization, the range of all data was set between 0 and 1. In this study, the best model was the GPR-POA model with RMSE = 0.0486, R² = 0.9388, and KGE = 0.9533. The GPR and LSTM models were ranked after the GPR-POA model. By evaluating the results of different combinations in modeling, it was determined that P/h₁ and p_d/B ratios had a greater effect in providing correct results. Unlike three parameters of L/b, Fr, and L/R, three parameters of α, p_d/B, and P/h₁ had a great impact on the accuracy of the model, so without these parameters, the model accuracy decreased significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on vibration characteristics and reduction measures of natural gas loop","authors":"Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Yangjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yong Gong ,&nbsp;Yilong Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the flow-induced vibration phenomena and corresponding mitigation measures in pipelines within a medium-low pressure loop test facility, this paper experimentally and numerically investigates the flow characteristics and vibration behavior under different operating conditions. The reliability of the numerical simulation method was validated through experiments. By applying Fourier transform analysis to pressure pulsation and vibration signals at monitoring points, the root cause of pipeline vibration was identified. The results indicate that under specific operating conditions, resonance between natural gas pressure pulsations and pipeline vibration frequency is the primary cause of excessive vibration. Additionally, the header structure induces vortex formation in the gas flow, generating low-frequency pressure pulsations. A vibration suppression method involving the installation of support restraints was proposed, effectively reducing vibration at pipeline metering points to below 5 mm/s, meeting calibration requirements. Further optimization of restraint placement achieved displacement reductions of 30 %–70 % across varying pressures and flow rates. This study provides theoretical insights and practical engineering references for understanding and mitigating pipeline vibrations under medium-low pressure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conductivity-based sensor for the measurement of liquid film thickness and surface wetting in structured packing columns","authors":"Tural Mamedov ,&nbsp;Eckhard Schleicher ,&nbsp;Felipe D.A. Dias ,&nbsp;Markus Schubert ,&nbsp;Thomas Ehlert ,&nbsp;Eugeny Y. Kenig ,&nbsp;Uwe Hampel","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a sensor designed to study the wetting performance, i.e. non-wetted, partially wetted, and fully wetted channels, in a structured packing column along with their corresponding film thicknesses on the packing sheets. A numerical approach was followed to optimize the shape of the sensor electrodes in order to achieve both sufficient dynamic range for film thickness measurements and high spatial resolution. For this purpose, COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to simulate the potential field distribution in liquid films of different thicknesses. The sensor was fabricated as a thin and flexible printed circuit board (PCB) strip, making it easy to bond it to the surface of the packing sheets. Performance measurements were conducted by forming static liquid films with defined thicknesses on a sensor in a single-strip experimental setup, and the data obtained from these measurements were then used to calibrate the sensor and to validate the numerical model. The sensor detects wetted and non-wetted areas based on the electrical conductivity of the liquid phase and can measure liquid films with thicknesses of up to 1.7 mm. Subsequently, it was bonded to the corrugated sheets of Mellapak 250Y® to study the wetting performance in a packed column and to measure local film thicknesses. The liquid flow distribution and average film thickness were investigated for both an upright vertical column and a tilted column, and then compared to determine the impact of inclination on wetting performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the temperature correction in RoR method for the calibration of gas flow based on CFD analysis","authors":"Xinlei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lishui Cui ,&nbsp;Chunhui Li ,&nbsp;Peijuan Cao ,&nbsp;Shan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rate-of-rise (RoR) method determines flow by measuring the dynamic changes in gas pressure and temperature within a constant volume chamber during the measurement time. MFV devices based on the RoR method are commonly used to calibrate thermal mass flow controllers (MFCs), which are widely-used in semiconductor manufacturing or environmental monitoring. Starting point of valid data for RoR measurement is preferably after temperature equilibrium has been established. The thermal equilibrium time varies with inlet flow. Additionally, due to the flow work phenomena, the total gas temperature inside the chamber is higher than the temperature measured at the outer wall of the chamber at thermal equilibrium. Therefore, the temperature correction in RoR method and thermal equilibrium time significantly affect the accuracy level of the MFV. Particularly, thermal equilibrium time and convective heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the chamber is difficult to obtain directly.</div><div>We focus on the key parameters in the MFV temperature correction method: convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal equilibrium time. Based on transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in a nitrogen medium, we have chosen to study pressure, temperature, and convective heat transfer coefficients over time during the RoR measurement process, defined the thermal equilibrium time applicable to actual measurements, and analyzed the influence of each parameter in the temperature correction, especially the mechanisms of the convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal equilibrium time on temperature. Finally, the temperature correction method for MFV which range is 3–3000 sccm N₂ equivalent is proposed based on simulation, which accuracy is lower than 1 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional neural networks to characterise particle suspensions from ultrasonic backscatter","authors":"Joseph J. Hartley ,&nbsp;Lee F. Mortimer ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Peakall ,&nbsp;Richard A. Bourne ,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Dodds ,&nbsp;Martyn G. Barnes ,&nbsp;Michael Fairweather ,&nbsp;Timothy N. Hunter","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic backscatter has been used extensively across many applications to characterise suspended particles. It is of particular interest in nuclear decommissioning, as it allows online characterisation without the need to sample, or even contact the suspension in some cases. Industrial processes often utilise dynamic changes to suspended particle concentrations and particle size distributions (PSDs), and as such, characterisation of both simultaneously would be advantageous. At present, there is limited scope within existing analytical methods to achieve this, where the concentration or PSD of the target system must be known to calculate the other. Machine learning (ML) is a method that when trained on representative data, can use non-linear multi-variable minimisations to estimate both concentration and PSD simultaneously and, as such, this study aims to demonstrate that an artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) can accomplish this. A training library of nine spherical glass bead suspension systems, comprising of variable median particle size and coefficient of variation, across six concentrations was compiled using a commercial backscatter instrument at 2 and 4 MHz. The hyperparameters of an ANN and CNN were optimised on these acoustic profiles, before being used to predict median particle size, coefficient of variation, and concentration from acoustic profiles at 2 and 4 MHz of two “unknown” suspensions. While neither the ANN or CNN predictions proved to be successful for estimating the coefficient of variation, moderate agreement between predicted and true values were found for median particle size and concentration from the ANN, while the CNN achieved good agreement for median particle size and very good agreement when predicting particle concentration. Consequently, this study was able to successfully determine that a CNN could simultaneously estimate a median particle size and concentration using ultrasonic backscatter data gathered on an “unknown” suspension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘CFD-based flow field study and structural optimization of SAC-type ultrahigh-pressure common rail injection steady-state nozzle’ [Flow Meas. Instrum. 100 (2024) 102719]","authors":"Hailong Ji ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Ning Guo ,&nbsp;Dongrun Li ,&nbsp;Qingguang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}