Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

Numerical Investigation of Static and Transient Flow Behavior in a DN450 Class 600 API Ball Valve During Opening DN450 600级API球阀开启过程中静态和瞬态流动特性的数值研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103665

G. Shanmugasundar, M. Vanitha, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, S.P. Samal, B. Swarna, Kathick Muniyappan, Ankur Bansod, Sourabh Shukla

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Static and Transient Flow Behavior in a DN450 Class 600 API Ball Valve During Opening","authors":"G. Shanmugasundar, M. Vanitha, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, S.P. Samal, B. Swarna, Kathick Muniyappan, Ankur Bansod, Sourabh Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ball valves used in large-diameter industrial pipelines experience substantial changes in hydraulic resistance and internal flow structure during opening, particularly under partial-opening conditions. However, the transient evolution of separation, recirculation, and pressure recovery in large-diameter ball valves remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the transient internal flow behaviour of a DN450 Class 600 API ball valve was investigated using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics with a sliding-mesh approach. The evolution of pressure, velocity, pressure difference, flow resistance coefficient, and internal flow structures was examined over different valve opening positions. Mesh independence was established using three computational grids, and the selected mesh provided negligible changes in the monitored hydraulic parameters with further refinement. The dynamic transient behavior revealed that during the opening sequence, the peak operational pressure drop reaches 350 kPa at 30% opening, accompanied by dynamic localized flow acceleration exceeding 29.6 m/s. These transient effects trigger strong separation zones that decay rapidly once relative opening exceeds 85%. At approximately 85% opening, the dominant recirculation structure substantially decreases in strength and the downstream flow becomes more uniform. The novelty of the present work lies in correlating the transient evolution of back-step and recirculation structures with pressure recovery and hydraulic resistance in a large-diameter DN450 Class 600 ball valve using a moving-mesh framework. The findings provide engineering guidance for valve operation and geometric optimization aimed at reducing hydraulic losses and improving downstream flow uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 103665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149200428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical and experimental studies on the geometrical design methodology for multi-holed orifice flowmeters 多孔孔板流量计几何设计方法的数值与实验研究

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217

Jianqiang Meng, Hongjun Zhang, Guozhan Li

{"title":"Numerical and experimental studies on the geometrical design methodology for multi-holed orifice flowmeters","authors":"Jianqiang Meng, Hongjun Zhang, Guozhan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of peripheral hole number, compactness ratio, orifice thickness, and equivalent diameter ratio on the performance of multi-hole orifices (MHOs) were investigated through large eddy simulation to develop a systematic geometric design methodology. Numerical results show that the number of peripheral holes significantly influences the discharge coefficient, with optimal performance achieved at ten holes. Additionally, the compactness ratio was found to have an optimal range between 0.66 and 0.7. An appropriate increase in orifice thickness was shown to enhance the discharge coefficient while simultaneously reducing the pressure loss coefficient. Moreover, the relationship between the pressure loss coefficient and the equivalent diameter ratio was described by a power function, whereas the ratio of pressure loss to differential pressure exhibited a quadratic polynomial dependence on the equivalent diameter ratio. Ultimately, a comprehensive geometric design methodology for MHOs was established, with experimental calibration demonstrating a maximum indication error of only 0.29 %, thereby confirming that the accuracy of MHOs designed using this approach meets the 0.5 accuracy class standard. Generally, present study provides a simple and practical geometric design methodology for the MHOs, whose performance meet the requirements of the engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel external gear pump based on tooth root-tooth tip flow distribution principle 一种基于齿根-齿尖流量分配原理的外啮合齿轮泵

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225

Rongfu Tang , Hong Ji , Bo Lin , Yingjie Wang , Qinghua Li

{"title":"A novel external gear pump based on tooth root-tooth tip flow distribution principle","authors":"Rongfu Tang , Hong Ji , Bo Lin , Yingjie Wang , Qinghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the speed limitation of conventional external gear pumps (CEGPs) caused by inadequate oil suction efficiency, a novel external gear pump (NEGP) based on the parallel distribution principle of tooth root and tooth tip is proposed. By integrating oil suction pressurization technology, the operational speed range of the NEGP is significantly extended. Through experimental evaluation of CEGP's oil suction performance under various operating conditions and structural defect analysis, the NEGP design was developed and validated. A comprehensive flow field simulation model was established to systematically investigate the internal flow dynamics and identify key factors influencing suction efficiency. Furthermore, a dedicated pressurization centrifugal pump was designed, and integrated system tests along with full-scale flow field simulations were conducted to elucidate system matching characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of efficiency enhancement. Results demonstrate that at 3000 rpm, the oil suction efficiency of the NEGP is 12.1 percentage points higher than that of the CEGP. The suction performance of the NEGP is highly dependent on both inlet pressure and rotational speed. At low speeds, the suction contributions from the tooth root and tooth tip are comparable. However, at high speeds, suction at the tooth tip becomes dominant. With the assistance of the pressurization centrifugal pump, the stable operating speed of the NEGP is extended to 4000 rpm. The primary mechanism for improved efficiency is attributed to enhanced oil suction capability at the tooth root region due to elevated inlet pressure. NEGP exhibits lower power consumption and higher energy utilization efficiency than CEGP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction method for control valve operating conditions based on corrected mass flow 基于修正质量流量的控制阀工况预测方法

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103226

Fujian Huang , Yuejin Dai , Zhangying Hou , Diangui Huang

{"title":"Prediction method for control valve operating conditions based on corrected mass flow","authors":"Fujian Huang , Yuejin Dai , Zhangying Hou , Diangui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steam turbine control valves operate in high-temperature, high-pressure steam environments. Under low-pressure ratios and small opening, the internal flow is prone to instability, leading to severe pressure pulsations, structural vibrations, and high noise levels, which threaten equipment safety and personnel health. This paper uses numerical simulation methods to study the evolution of flow field structures under different valve openings and pressure ratios, revealing the complex unsteady flow phenomena and flow transition mechanisms within valves. Research indicates that changes in valve geometric dimensions and inlet thermal parameters (pressure, temperature) have a negligible effect on the critical separation pressure ratio. In order to effectively predict the operating condition of valves and avoid unfavorable flow conditions, the concept of “Corrected mass flow” was introduced. Drawing on the characterization method of turbine flow characteristics, a corrected mass flow calculation model and actual flow prediction equation suitable for valves were established. Validation against the sample database showed that the average relative error between the predicted and the actual mass flow was 2.49 %, which has high engineering application value and provides a theoretical basis for the safe, stable, and low-noise operation of valves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early fault diagnosis and performance grading of electric ball valves in gas pipelines: Experimental study and field validation 燃气管道电动球阀的早期故障诊断与性能分级：实验研究与现场验证

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103211

Shijian Zhang , Haoyu Huang , Qiang Wu , Xubing Liu , Long Qin , Zunping Yang , Ling Feng

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear amplitude control method of Coriolis Mass flowmeter based on A-LADRC 基于A-LADRC的科里奥利质量流量计非线性振幅控制方法

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209

Miao Zhang, Yanfeng Geng, Liang Sun, Gang Shi, Diqian Wang

{"title":"Nonlinear amplitude control method of Coriolis Mass flowmeter based on A-LADRC","authors":"Miao Zhang, Yanfeng Geng, Liang Sun, Gang Shi, Diqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF) drive system, such as long start-up time, poor anti-interference performance, and vibration stoppage under two-phase flow conditions, this paper proposes a nonlinear amplitude control method for CMF based on adaptive-linear active disturbance rejection control (A-LADRC). This control strategy introduces an A-LADRC controller to adjust the gain of the drive system on the basis of nonlinear amplitude control, thereby enhancing the system's anti-interference capability. The linear extended state observer (LESO) in the A-LADRC is adopted to estimate the internal and external disturbances, and the PD controller compensates for the disturbances. Adaptive control (APC) is added to simplify the parameter adjustment. The experimental results show that when external disturbances occur, the vibration amplitude of the measuring tube under this control strategy can quickly and accurately track the reference amplitude, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the CMF to deal with different interferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entropy-based analysis of near-wall flow and energy dissipation mechanisms in a centrifugal pump with biomimetic microstructured blades 基于熵的仿生微结构叶片离心泵近壁流动及能量耗散机制分析

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212

Qinyang Li , Jian Chen , Xucheng Lin , Chengyi Yi , Yahui Hu

{"title":"Entropy-based analysis of near-wall flow and energy dissipation mechanisms in a centrifugal pump with biomimetic microstructured blades","authors":"Qinyang Li , Jian Chen , Xucheng Lin , Chengyi Yi , Yahui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pumps and reducing energy losses are essential for sustainable energy utilization. This study develops a bionic design strategy inspired by shark-skin microstructures to regulate near-wall flow and minimize entropy generation in centrifugal pumps. A thermodynamic–vortical design framework, combining entropy generation theory and the <em>Q</em>-criterion, is established to explore how microscale surface textures influence macroscopic vortex dynamics and energy dissipation. After the microstructured blades are scaled according to similarity theory, the wall entropy generation rate (WEGR) of the impeller accounts for only 33 %–40 % of the total entropy production, and under medium to high flow conditions (<em>Q</em>/<em>Q</em><sub><em>d</em></sub> ≥ 1.0), the impeller's turbulent entropy generation rate (TEGR) decreases by about 5 %. At the same time, the volute also exhibits a consistent reduction in entropy generation due to a more stabilized outlet flow. These results demonstrate that the bionic microstructure effectively suppresses high-entropy regions and stabilizes the overall flow field. This work provides a new design pathway for centrifugal pumps by integrating biomimetic microstructures with flow-regulation mechanisms that reshape the distribution of entropy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on optimization of dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves 高速开关阀动态特性优化研究

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103216

Minjian Zhu , Zuzhi Tian , Rongrui Fan , Yangyang Guo , Fangwei Xie

{"title":"Research on optimization of dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves","authors":"Minjian Zhu , Zuzhi Tian , Rongrui Fan , Yangyang Guo , Fangwei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves (HSV) are significantly influenced by their driving parameters. Complex interactions among them often hinder further performance enhancement. To improve the dynamic response while maintaining optimization efficiency, this study takes into account both the opening and closing lag times of the HSV and the computational cost of the optimization process. A co-simulation model was established to systematically analyze the influence of multiple parameters on the dynamic characteristics and to conduct parameter optimization. First, a co-simulation model integrating the electromagnetic field and circuit was built using <em>Maxwell</em> and <em>Simplorer</em> to investigate the effects of coil turns, driving voltage, and accelerating capacitance on the valve's dynamic characteristics. Second, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to design a multi-factor experiment, revealing the effects of parameter combinations on the opening and closing lag times and analyzing the interactions among the factors. Finally, objective functions were established and solved to minimize the opening and closing lag times, thereby obtaining the optimal parameter combination. The results demonstrate that with the optimal combination of 1006 coil turns, a 48 V driving voltage, and a 148 μF accelerating capacitance, the opening lag time is reduced by 64.7 % and the closing lag time by 62.9 %. This method significantly improves dynamic performance while effectively reducing computational costs, offering valuable insights for engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on unsteady pressure pulsations within a high-speed aeroengine centrifugal pump 高速航空发动机离心泵内非定常压力脉动的实验研究

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214

Ning Zhang , Quanjin Wu , Delin Li , Hui Liu , Bo Gao

{"title":"Experimental investigation on unsteady pressure pulsations within a high-speed aeroengine centrifugal pump","authors":"Ning Zhang , Quanjin Wu , Delin Li , Hui Liu , Bo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotating stall is an important factor affecting the stability and safety of centrifugal pumps. This is especially important for the high-speed centrifugal pump used in aero-engines, because it has high requirements for the safe and stable operation of the system. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of pressure pulsations in a high-speed centrifugal pump utilizing coherence analysis. Additionally, the unsteady evolution of the rotating stall structure within the impeller was investigated at various time instants through numerical simulations. Results show that the pressure pulsations of high-speed centrifugal pump show broadband characteristics in the low frequency range under the rotating stall condition. Coherence analysis demonstrates that the basic stall frequency of 0.1f<sub>n</sub> at both 0.2 Φ<sub>N</sub> and 0.6 Φ<sub>N</sub> occur in the pressure spectrum. Numerical simulation results confirm these findings by capturing the stall frequency 0.1f<sub>n</sub> at 0.2 Φ<sub>N</sub> through the analysis of the stall cell's life cycle. Finally, it can be inferred that, for this high-speed centrifugal pump, the same basic stall frequency is generated under different stall conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on flow and heat transfer characteristics of improved aero-engine labyrinth seal for suppressing tooth tip collision 用于抑制齿尖碰撞的改进型航空发动机迷宫密封流动与传热特性研究

IF 2.7 3区工程技术

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103197

Guozhe Ren, Songhan Guo, Dan Sun, Yu Li, Zhining Zhang

{"title":"Research on flow and heat transfer characteristics of improved aero-engine labyrinth seal for suppressing tooth tip collision","authors":"Guozhe Ren, Songhan Guo, Dan Sun, Yu Li, Zhining Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the typical labyrinth seal structure in aero-engine, established labyrinth seal model for rotor-stator cavity based on fluid-solid-thermal coupled. Considered the influence of centrifugal deformation and thermal deformation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of labyrinth seal. Through numerical research, it was found that conventional benchmark type labyrinth seal is prone to collision and wear during operation, which affects the normal operation of labyrinth seal. Therefore, the improved design of labyrinth seal disc was proposed to obtain the new improved labyrinth seal structure. The results show that improved structure D reduces the sensitivity of mass flow to clearance changes and suppresses the influence of wind resistance temperature rise when initial clearance is 0.3 mm. The calculation results tend to be stable, and final hot clearance is 0.112 mm, which is 62.66 % higher than initial clearance change, without collision and wear. Its working characteristic stability is stronger than benchmark type labyrinth seal. Reducing the length of bolts can reduce the relative change in hot mass flow compared to cold mass flow, weaken the influence of wind resistance temperature rise, and improve the stability of working characteristics. However, when sealing clearance is too small, collision and wear may still occur.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0