Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Yttria-stabilized zirconia flow sensor for high-temperature and humidity with compensation algorithm","authors":"Huiying Sun ,&nbsp;Yongping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Wentian Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Shen ,&nbsp;Junliang Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zou ,&nbsp;Jiawen Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow sensors are widely used in industrial production, but their measurement accuracy remains insufficient in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. To address this issue, this study developed a novel flow sensor based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid-state electrolytes. It integrates both flow velocity and humidity measurement capabilities. This research systematically investigated the effects of environmental temperature and humidity on the sensor's output signals and proposed a compensation algorithm to mitigate temperature and humidity interference, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy. Experimental results showed that the sensor output signal decreases with increasing inlet temperature and increases with rising inlet humidity. Through linear fitting, the relationship between flow velocity output signal drift and environmental temperature and humidity was established. This relationship was then utilized for compensation, resulting in a significant improvement in measurement accuracy. The experiments demonstrated that the sensor exhibits high accuracy and stability in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, effectively optimizing flow velocity detection performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on dynamic characteristics of a novel high-frequency water hydraulic proportional flow valve","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Cao ,&nbsp;Jiyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingquan Yu ,&nbsp;Yiye Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately measuring the dynamic characteristics of high-pressure large-flow water hydraulic flow valves and improving their frequency response are critical challenges in water hydraulic systems. In this study, a high-pressure large-flow and high-frequency water hydraulic proportional flow valve (WHPFV) integrated an indirect displacement-based measurement method (IDMM) is proposed. The main spool employs a symmetrical cylinder cone structure, featuring a non-full circle U-shaped valve port. A low-pressure small-flow oil hydraulic servo valve is used to control the high-pressure and large-flow water hydraulic main spool. A couple mathematical model about the displacement and output flow of the main valve, as well as a main spool displacement transfer function model, are established. The effect of various parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the flow valve is studied by simulation. To demonstrate the superiority of IDMM, different dynamic behaviors of WHPFV are measured. Experimental results indicate that the WHPFV exhibits excellent dynamic characteristics with the rise time about 30 ms, and the IDMM is able to measure the dynamic performance of WHPFV effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision techniques for Taylor bubble detection and velocity measurement using YOLO v8 and optical flow","authors":"Leonardo Fadel Metzker,&nbsp;Cáio César Silva Araújo,&nbsp;Maurício de Melo Freire Figueiredo,&nbsp;Ana Maria Frattini Fileti","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on measuring the velocity and length of Taylor bubbles in vertical liquid–gas two-phase slug flows using a non-intrusive image-based methodology. High-resolution video footage of the flow was analyzed through the YOLO v8 object detection algorithm, combined with the optical flow technique for motion analysis. The proposed method achieved an average detection precision of 84.3% and a velocity measurement accuracy of 88%. Measurements of bubble lengths showed maximum deviations of 1.1% when compared to manual measurements, with larger discrepancies occurring primarily in cases involving elongated or deformed bubbles. Velocity measurements demonstrated strong agreement with mechanistic model predictions, with deviations not exceeding 6%. These results highlight the robustness and reliability of the proposed method for analyzing bubble dynamics, offering valuable insights into flow behavior for multiphase flow applications and facilitating improved process optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the dynamic characteristics of CDC valves based on a thermo-fluid-solid coupling model","authors":"Yumeng Li ,&nbsp;Fangwei Xie ,&nbsp;Jian Lu ,&nbsp;Anxin Sun ,&nbsp;Zuzhi Tian ,&nbsp;Shuyou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CDC valve is a multi-physics coupling system, where flow field simulation accuracy is crucial for dynamic characteristic analysis. This study develops a CFD-based thermo-fluid-structure coupling model, integrating interactions among flow, thermal, and stress fields, with experimental validation of its accuracy. Results show that the CDC valve reaches peak flow at 50 °C but exhibits a declining trend at higher temperatures. Under 30 °C and 6 MPa conditions, the maximum error between experimental and simulated flow rates is 7.46 %, demonstrating model reliability. This research reveals the dynamic behavior of the CDC valve under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, providing theoretical support for optimized design and expanding multi-physics modeling of complex hydraulic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the flow field and steady-state hydrodynamics of a sliding valve with a sloping U-shaped throttle groove","authors":"Shipeng Shangguan ,&nbsp;Huawei Duan ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Lanzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhibo Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing U-shaped throttle grooves in spool valves face issues such as unstable fluid flow, high-pressure drop, and uneven variation of flow area. This paper proposes a novel spool valve throttle groove featuring a sloped U-shaped configuration. Through theoretical derivation of mathematical models for flow areas of different throttle grooves combined with CFD simulation analysis of flow field characteristics and distribution patterns, the study reveals the influence of flow area change gradient on hydrodynamic forces. Furthermore, three-dimensional hydraulic spool valve models with different throttle grooves were established to analyze the effects of key parameters - valve opening (1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm), pressure difference (1 MPa, 3 MPa, 5 MPa), and slope angle (6°, 12°, 18°) - on flow field characteristics and hydrodynamic behavior. Results demonstrate that the sloped U-shaped throttle groove exhibits more stable pressure and velocity distributions under varying openings and pressure differences, significantly reducing hydrodynamic force fluctuations with a maximum reduction of 59.72 %, thereby improving system stability and flow control accuracy. Experimental validation using a comprehensive hydraulic valve test bench confirmed the accuracy of the spool valve simulation model. The research indicates that the sloped U-shaped throttle groove effectively enhances spool valve system stability, extends component lifespan, and improves hydraulic control precision, providing theoretical support for designing and optimizing hydraulic spool valves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of particle reconstruction quality for three-dimensional light field PIV","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Md Moinul Hossain ,&nbsp;Chuanlong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the reconstruction quality factor, a critical metric for assessing particle position reconstruction accuracy in light field particle image velocimetry (LF-PIV). Key factors influencing the reconstruction quality are analyzed, and a benchmark criterion for reconstruction quality is proposed to ensure high-accuracy three-dimensional flow measurement. Numerical reconstructions of random particle and 3D displacement fields are performed to optimize the tomographic and deep learning reconstruction approaches. Strategies for generating optimal datasets for deep learning models are presented. The findings indicate that the generation of ghost particles and the omission of true particles are the primary causes of low reconstruction quality. The latter has a more noticeable impact, particularly when ghost particle intensities are significantly lower than true particles. A reconstruction quality factor of above 0.7 is recommended for reliable, high-accuracy flow measurements. Learning-based methods outperform tomographic algorithms in particle reconstruction, achieving comparable reconstruction accuracy with a single light field camera (LFC) to that of tomographic methods using dual LFCs. To generate high-quality datasets for deep learning, an optimal angular separation of 0.01° between sampling rays, a seeding density range of 0∼1 particle per microlens, and variable particle peak intensities are suggested. Additionally, incorporating noise at 10 % of the image intensity standard deviation into training data significantly enhances model robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative prediction of pressure and velocity in 3D flow field based on neural networks","authors":"Xiumei Liu,&nbsp;Su Wu,&nbsp;Beibei Li,&nbsp;Rui Han,&nbsp;Linmin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important component in the coal liquefaction system, the regulating valve's flow field and pressure distribution affects the service life and working stability of the system. In order to achieve rapid prediction of the three-dimensional(3D) pressure and velocity in the regulating valve, a prediction model based on neural network was built. The hyperparameters of the model were selected and the network parameters were optimized through genetic algorithms. The training model was verified under different working conditions. The value of axial velocity and radial velocity predicted by the optimized GA-BP model are discussed. The predicted axial velocity <em>v</em>_<em>x</em>, radial velocity <em>v</em>_<em>y</em> and <em>v</em>_<em>z</em> are almost the same with the simulation results. The largest velocity located near the orifice because of the sudden decreasing flow area, and there is a local low speed area near the head of the core head. And the distribution of pressure in the valve is also predicted by this proposed GA-BP model. There is a reflux with local low pressure is located near the orifice, and the error between the simulation and predicted results is about 2 %. Furthermore, the 3D flow field in the regulating valve with higher working pressure is predicted which cannot be easily measured experimentally. The value of resultant velocity <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> is close to the axial velocity <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, the maximum value of <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is about 200 m.s⁻¹ which is located near the orifice. The value of radial velocity <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> are almost the same, because the structure of the experimental valve is axisymmetric. The maximum value of <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> are 38.3 m.s⁻¹ and 36.2 m.s⁻¹ respectively. This GA-BP prediction model has a good learning effect on the characteristics of the flow field in the regulating valve, could reflect and predict the operation status of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on the application of a mechanical system in a Mexican gas well with liquid loading issues","authors":"A. Albiter,&nbsp;J.A. Vargas,&nbsp;A. Contreras,&nbsp;L. Cruz-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the application of a mechanical system to improve the flow pattern (MSIFP) in a conventional liquid-loaded well issue, located in the northern region of Mexico. The well is drilled in a reservoir of hydraulically fractured sands characterized by low permeability ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 millidarcy (mD). In this challenging environment, hydrocarbon production decreases due to liquid loading, reservoir pressure reduction, and intermittent flow patterns along the production pipeline. The methodology used integrates mechanistic models with dynamic records of pressure and temperature to estimate energy losses during fluid transport from the wellbore to the surface. The method involved installing the MSIFP and analyzing changes in flow patterns, specifically, the transition from slug flow to churn and mist flows. The geometry of the flow pattern improver system is selected based on current production conditions and fluid properties. Results showed a significant increase in gas production from 8.9 to 20.36 m³/day, alongside improved efficiency in liquid transport. As a result, production in the well increased by 128 % while preserving reservoir energy. This approach enhances well performance, prolonging the well's lifespan and providing a practical solution to common liquid-loading challenges in gas wells. These findings are based on comparing hydrocarbon production before and after installing the system at the well bottom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of domestic ultrasonic water meters subjected to multiple tests","authors":"I. Albaina,&nbsp;G.A. Esteban,&nbsp;I. Bidaguren,&nbsp;U. Izquierdo","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart water meters play a crucial role in promoting sustainable urban development, optimizing water management, utility efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. Limited knowledge exists regarding their long-term performance across diverse conditions. This study assessed modern ultrasonic water meters in households, testing six pairs from five brands. Evaluations involved varying water flow rates, simulating starts and stops, abrupt supply changes, and durability assessments. Generally, the meters performed accurately, avoiding consistent over- or undercounting. However, performance varied across brands and models due to technological disparities. Integrated battery-equipped meters met accuracy standards, yet exhibited discrepancies in more demanding testing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstage follow-up characteristics of displacement reverse follow-up proportional valve","authors":"Wei Min ,&nbsp;Zao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yawei Li ,&nbsp;Duanrui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the displacement follow-up proportional valve, the main spool moves with the pilot poppet, and the opening of the main valve port is limited by the stroke of the pilot spool, the flow amplification capacity of the main valve is restricted seriously. The displacement reverse follow-up proportional valve configuration with the displacement follow-up ratio exceeding 1 is proposed in this paper. The mathematical model is established to identify key factors affecting the stability of the main spool and the displacement follow-up ratio, and the main structural parameters of the proportional valve are determined. Subsequently, AMESim is employed to analyse the interstage follow-up characteristics under varying working conditions, and the accuracy of the simulation model is validated experimentally. The research results indicate that the dead zone of the pilot valve is 0.37 mm, and the main spool can effectively achieve reverse follow-up of the pilot poppet while maintaining a stable displacement follow-up ratio of approximately 1.2. When the inlet pressure exceeds 5 MPa, the step response rise time of the main spool is less than 10 ms, and the steady-state displacement follow-up error is below 5 %. Furthermore, the main spool can reliably track the pilot cylinder displacement sinusoidal input signal with a frequency below 20 Hz and the displacement lag time of less than 1 ms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}