Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and validation of a composite flow conditioner for ultrasonic flowmeter accuracy improvement","authors":"Desheng Chen ,&nbsp;Junfeng Cheng ,&nbsp;Yuanming Ding ,&nbsp;Zhe Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow conditioners play a crucial role in fluid transportation and precision measurement systems by reducing flow disturbances and stabilizing velocity profiles. This study proposes a modular composite flow conditioner with a hierarchically structured and functionally adjustable design to achieve multi-stage flow regulation. Methane gas is selected as the working fluid throughout the experimental and numerical investigations. Four configurations with front-end expansion diameters of 200 mm, 210 mm, 220 mm, and 230 mm were investigated to evaluate their effects on the downstream flow field and ultrasonic flowmeter accuracy. The repeatability of the proposed design was experimentally verified using a standard flow calibration system, while CFD simulations were employed to analyze downstream pressure, vortex, and velocity distributions. Results indicate that the conditioner effectively mitigates asymmetric and radial flows caused by small-opening control valves. Quantitative evaluation shows that the 220 mm expansion configuration provides the best flow symmetry, velocity uniformity, and minimal flow-rate error. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the NSGA-II algorithm coupled with the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, with orifice diameter, number of orifices, and expansion diameter as decision variables. The optimized configuration achieves a balance between low pressure loss, small flow deviation, and high flow stability, offering a practical reference for precision flow measurement applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of vibration–oil flow coupling effects on the heavy gas action of QJ1-80 and BF-80 type gas relays","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Shuting Wan ,&nbsp;Siyu Tian ,&nbsp;Zhihan Li ,&nbsp;Bing Xue ,&nbsp;Chengxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuoyan Zhong ,&nbsp;Jianwei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zehua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heavy gas maloperation of gas relays seriously endangers the safe operation of transformers, yet the characteristic differences between the QJ1-80 type (spring-baffle mechanism) and BF-80 type (magnet-baffle mechanism) under vibration-transient oil flow coupled excitation have not been systematically studied. To fill this gap, this study conducted a comparative investigation of the characteristics of the two types of gas relays through theoretical modeling, coupled excitation tests, and fluid-solid coupling simulations using large-eddy simulation (LES). Results show that: under single oil flow excitation, the QJ1-80 type has a critical pressure of 0.120 MPa and a setting flow velocity of 0.910 m/s, while the BF-80 type has a critical pressure of 0.110 MPa and a setting flow velocity of 0.721 m/s; after the introduction of vibration, the heavy gas action flow velocity of the BF-80 type decreased to 0.643 m/s (a decrease of 10.7 %), and the QJ1-80 type failed to trigger the heavy gas action. Resistance torque characteristics determined the response differences: the former had better anti-interference performance, while the latter had higher sensitivity. The empirical formula shows that the reduction amplitude of the BF-80 type is 3.8 times that of the QJ1-80 type, and the errors between experiments and simulations are both less than 1.71 %. This study clarifies the coupled response laws of the two types, provides a scientific basis for device selection and setting value optimization, and has significant engineering value for improving the reliability of power system protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Discharge formula for flows over open-check dams’ [Flow Meas. Instrum. 72 (2020) 101690]","authors":"Hsun-Chuan Chan ,&nbsp;Hsin-Kai Yang ,&nbsp;Po-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Jung-Tai Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rainfall simulator Efficiency: A search for new insights into performance parameters","authors":"Abdullah Emin Demircioglu ,&nbsp;Kadir Gezici ,&nbsp;Erdal Kesgin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall simulator (RS) is an indispensable tool for researchers conducting studies in hydrology, geomorphology, and erosion; however, performance evaluation varies due to differences in the methods used by each researcher. This study applies the concept of spatial variability within rainfall parameter limits and aims to contribute to a better calibration method for RS. Rainfall parameters such as intensity, homogeneity, and raindrop size were examined using different measurement strategies. A pressurized RS was tested in a controlled laboratory flume using nominal intensities of 40-, 70-, and 100-mmh-¹ over a 2.4 m × 1.2 m (3.2 m²) test channel. The channel was divided into nine sub-areas, and the number and configuration of collection cups was varied above and below the channel using between 108 and 315 cups, with areal sampling densities of 16–48 %. Point rainfall intensities ranged from 15 to 185 mmh-¹ within single events, depending on spatial position and cup configuration, which demonstrated that using a single representative parameter value will not allow for capturing the strong local variability that is present in RS. Christiansen Uniformity (CU) coefficients had clear regional disparities, with sub-area CU coefficients ranging between 66 and 96 %; under the best configuration, local CU coefficients reach 96 %, but lower density configurations had sub-area CU coefficient values as low as 66 %. With an increase in cup density, spread of measured intensities was reduced by more than one-third and produced smoother spatial patterns of uniformity while showing only minor corresponding shifts in CU values (typically on the order of ±1 % for a given nominal intensity). No systematic trend with cup number was displayed. The raindrop size characteristics only demonstrated a small but consistent increase in median raindrop diameter (D50) in response to increasing intensity, moving from 1.39 mm at 40 mmh-¹ to approximately 1.60 mm at 100 mmh-¹ with greater spatial variability being displayed at the higher intensity level. The results of this study emphasize the need for the incorporation of spatially sensitive calibration protocols for RS systems. The method outlined provides a more robust and comparable framework for evaluating rainfall simulator performance and thereby increases the reliability of simulation-based studies in environmental research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sparse data to accurate flux: A hybrid modeling strategy for metering greenhouse gas emissions from dispersed industrial sources","authors":"Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Ye Wei ,&nbsp;Yanheng Xi ,&nbsp;Wenting Jiang ,&nbsp;Jun Su ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Sixiang Yang ,&nbsp;Tek Tjing Lie","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate carbon emission data is the foundation of greenhouse effect mitigation. Compared with carbon accounting, the quantitative data obtained through gas detection technology to monitor greenhouse gases (GHGs) directly emitted into the atmosphere seems more convincing. Continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) quantify GHG emissions from fixed emission sources. However, the quantification of emissions in open scenarios cannot be achieved due to the difficulty in measuring key parameters. To solve this problem, we propose a carbon emission metering technology. Based on real meteorological data, machine learning and weight analysis were used to equivalently express immeasurable meteorological factors. Key parameters for metering were obtained through multi-physics coupling simulation. Taking Fuyang Industry in China as an example, using the real meteorological data in 2022 and 2023, the carbon emission metering results in February and August were 641.5 Kg and 277.6 Kg, respectively. This method could achieve real-time metering in open scenarios with sufficient computing power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on wind pressure control on low-rise building roofs using plasma actuation","authors":"Li Jianan ,&nbsp;Li Zhengnong ,&nbsp;Cai Qiurui ,&nbsp;Zou Zhengtao ,&nbsp;Li Shujin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel method to control wind pressure on the partial roof of low-rise buildings using plasma actuators, aiming to improve the building's wind resistance. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted on a low-rise building model subjected to three different wind fields in the atmospheric boundary layer, as defined in the Load Code for the Design of Building Structures (GB50009-2012). The mean local wind-pressure coefficient at the measurement points served as the analysis parameter. The results show that negative pressures on the roof's front edge, under three levels of turbulence intensity, were significantly higher than those on other parts of the roof. Subsequently, tailwind and headwind plasma actuations were applied to the roof's front edge. The effects of these methods on wind pressure were analyzed, and a comparison was made of the wind pressure distribution before and after the actuation. The findings reveal that both plasma actuation methods can alter wind pressure on the roof under varying turbulence intensities. Specifically, tailwind plasma actuation reduces negative pressure on the front edge, with the reduction increasing as turbulence intensity rises. In contrast, headwind plasma actuation increases negative pressure, but the effect diminishes with increasing turbulence intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of deep learning-based bubble recognition methods","authors":"Yun Ren ,&nbsp;Yuchao Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Shuihua Zheng ,&nbsp;Min Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bubble recognition is essential for the quantitative analysis of gas–liquid two-phase flows and underpins a wide range of applications in fluid dynamics and chemical engineering. Traditional image-processing-based methods perform well under controlled conditions but exhibit limited robustness when confronted with complex bubble morphologies, dense overlap, and non-uniform illumination. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled automated feature learning and significantly improved recognition performance under challenging imaging environments. This review summarizes recent progress in deep learning-based bubble recognition, focusing on bubble detection, semantic and instance segmentation, and boundary-preserving shape reconstruction. Existing methods are organized according to their dominant application scenarios, including real-time multi-scale detection, instance separation in dense bubbly flows, and geometry-aware reconstruction for quantitative bubble characterization. In addition, strategies for alleviating data scarcity, such as synthetic data generation and physically driven are discussed with respect to their role in improving model generalization. This review aims to clarify current methodological trends, highlight remaining challenges, and provide guidance for future development and practical deployment of deep learning-based bubble recognition techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrothermal signal-based fault detection in 3D-printed polymer pump impellers","authors":"Ankit Saxena,&nbsp;Sushila Rani","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the advancements in rapid prototyping and the increasing adoption of polymer materials in the fluid pump industry, effective fault diagnosis of centrifugal pump (CP) impellers is crucial. This study presents a novel hybrid Convolutional Neural Network with a Random Forest (CNN-RF) framework for fault detection in a 3D-printed PA6 polymer impeller, addressing the unique vibration characteristics of polymers compared to metal impellers. This study extends prior research by incorporating a comparative analysis of multinomial logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), demonstrating their strengths and trade-offs in predictive maintenance applications. An experimental setup employing vibration and temperature sensors served to gather data under three impeller conditions: healthy, one missing blade, and impeller with deformed disk. Advanced signal processing techniques facilitated feature extraction, and precision, recall, F1 index, area under the ROC curve, mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE) assessed model performance. Furthermore, stratified K-fold cross-validation, calibration curves, confusion matrices, and PCA served to ensure model robustness. Results demonstrate that Hybrid CNN-RF achieves the highest accuracy (99.88 %), outperforming conventional classifiers, while Random Forest and GBM also show strong predictive performance. The study further highlights the correlation between impeller faults and motor temperature variations, reinforcing the importance of thermal monitoring in fault diagnosis. This research advances predictive maintenance strategies by introducing a scalable and highly reliable machine learning-driven framework, bridging a gap in the diagnostics of polymer-based pump components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of drag coefficient and friction factor of non-submerged rigid vegetation in symmetric compound channel, using direct measurement method","authors":"Foad Maturi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Behdarvandi Askar","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given that the most basic issue in the study of drag coefficient is the correct and accurate measurement of force, so the use of a method that can directly measure the force of flow is very important because it can provide a more realistic analysis of drag coefficient. Also, the results obtained from this method are compared with the results obtained from other methods.This research has calculated the drag coefficient and friction factor using the direct measurement method and physical modeling in a hydraulic knife-edge flume, which is a particular type of flume capable of directly measuring the flow force. In this study, five vegetation diameters, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 mm, as well as two types of ordered and non-ordered arrangement, and three vegetation positions in floodplains, main channel and simultaneously vegetation in main channel and floodplain, considering five inline spacing, and three Cross line spacing between vegetation, which included a total of 451 different experiments, were examined. In this paper, the <span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span> value is between 0.0017 and 0.31, and the vegetation's Reynolds number is in the range 3512–29213. The results revealed that the method and calculations implemented in the field of drag coefficient are suitably similar to the drag coefficient obtained from the force balance equation; moreover to calculate drag coefficient and friction factor in the examined scope, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>α</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>λ</mi><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>α</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>Ln</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>λ</mi><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> were achieved based on the vegetation parameter <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>λ</mi><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. The coefficients of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>α</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>.</mo><msub><mi>α</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>.</mo><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>d</mi><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> considering the experiments and different position and arrangement of vegetation were presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative design of differential pressure level sensor in flotation environment","authors":"Fangting Liu ,&nbsp;Long Dou ,&nbsp;Jinyu Li ,&nbsp;Junhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liquid level in flotation processes significantly impacts the recovery rate and grade of minerals. The flotation environment presents particularly challenging conditions for measurement, characterized by the presence of abundant bubbles, suspended mineral particles, and frequently acidic pulp. Under these conditions, conventional liquid level sensors are prone to measurement inaccuracies, and their probes are highly susceptible to corrosion. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an extended differential pressure method for liquid level detection. The proposed approach employs four hydraulic detection points and accounts for the gas content in the slurry. Compared with the traditional two-point differential pressure method, this technique demonstrates enhanced accuracy in liquid level calculation. Based on the extended differential pressure method, a level sensor with four isolated probes for the flotation environment was developed. It uses air pressure to measure the hydraulic pressure, thereby avoiding direct contact between the probes and the slurry. An experimental platform was constructed to simulate the flotation environment. On this platform, the level sensor was tested and calibrated. The liquid level calculation algorithm was optimized through interpolation of existing experimental data. The optimized detection error was maintained within ±1 cm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}