Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Modeling, simulation and optimization of a pilot-operated threaded cartridge proportional relief valve","authors":"Dapeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Zheng Yu ,&nbsp;Qingchao Xia ,&nbsp;Yutong Mo ,&nbsp;Kui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic study of a pilot-operated threaded cartridge proportional relief valve. Static and dynamic models are established based on empirical formulas. Using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation technology to correct key coefficients, more accurate models are developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, with accuracy validated by experimental results. The stability and dynamic response of the valve are analyzed in detail under various operating conditions. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, key parameters significantly affecting static and dynamic characteristics are identified. These parameters are then optimized using a genetic algorithm to determine their final values. Experimental validation demonstrates that the optimization improves performance: the opening pressure ratio increases from 62.07 % to 66.02 %, the pressure overshoot decreases from 3.2 % to 0 %, and the transient recovery time decreases from 0.085s to 0.05s. The comprehensive optimization index function ITAE (Integral of Time multiplied by Absolute Error) reduces by 9.6 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of suction flow direction on the hydraulic performance for symmetrical and asymmetrical Venturi injector","authors":"Pan Tang,&nbsp;Yifan Zhou,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart agriculture necessitates ever-more efficient and precise irrigation systems as fertigation technology advances worldwide. Traditional Venturi injectors have a low fertilizer absorption efficiency and significant pressure loss, and their performance is influenced by a variety of circumstances. It is unclear how the direction of fertilizer intake impacts the performance of the Venturi injector. This study used a mix of physical experiments and numerical simulations to explore the effect of fertilizer intake tube angles (varying from 90° to 45°) on the hydraulic performance of symmetric and asymmetric Venturi injectors. The findings revealed that reducing the angle of the fertilizer intake tube greatly improves fertilizer absorption efficiency. The asymmetric structure outperformed the symmetric structure. The downward-eccentric type (B4) attained a fertilizer absorption flow rate of 269.2 L h⁻¹ under low-pressure settings of 0.08 MPa, a 104 % increase over the symmetric type (C4). The ideal application ranges are determined by the pressure difference-structural configuration matching process. Under low pressure (≤0.08 MPa), the downward-eccentric arrangement improves suction effectiveness by using bilaterally dispersed negative pressure zones. Under high pressure (≥0.10 MPa), the upward-eccentric arrangement improves efficiency by suppressing turbulence through wall-adherent flow effects. Flow field analysis shows that performance differences under low-pressure regimes are predominantly caused by unique negative pressure distribution patterns, whereas high-pressure regime changes are dominated by turbulent dissipation mechanisms. This study suggests that low-pressure systems should prioritize downward-eccentric configurations paired with small-angle designs, and high-pressure systems should be optimized using upward-eccentric geometries combined with compact angular parameters. This hierarchical adaption technique improves overall irrigation efficiency by more than 15 %. The findings provide a theoretical framework for structural optimization of Venturi injectors and their use in precision agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic performance analysis of Coriolis mass flowmeter","authors":"Suna Guo ,&nbsp;Qianhui Wang ,&nbsp;Enbao Tian ,&nbsp;Haojie Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unsteady state in on-site actual operating conditions may affect the measurement accuracy and stability of the Coriolis mass flowmeters (CMF). To obtain the dynamic characteristics of the CMF, a DN25 CMF was taken as an example, and experiments and simulations were carried out. The results show that the stability time increases with the increase in step amplitude under step flow conditions. The stability time of negative step generation is greater than that of positive step generation. Under the conditions of pulsating flow, the higher the pulsation frequency, the more serious the attenuation of the obtained flow rate. Compared with the high flow rate, the signal attenuation caused by pulsation is larger when the flow rate is low. When the pulsation frequency is increased from 10 Hz to 50 Hz, the maximum attenuation is more than 22 %. Under the same conditions, the phase difference decreases with the increase in frequency. The mechanism of unsteady flow affecting the dynamic performance of CMF is revealed by qualitative analysis of velocity distribution and quantitative verification of the relative standard deviation and surface average velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and visualization study of cavitation characteristics in the high-speed linear-conjugate internal gear pump","authors":"Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Hong Ji ,&nbsp;Shengqing Yang ,&nbsp;Suyan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinsheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrification process of hydraulic power units is gradually accelerating, and hydraulic pumps are advancing towards higher speeds. However, insufficient oil filling is one of the important bottlenecks limiting their high-speed operation. This study first conducted an refined design for a certain linear-conjugate internal gear pump(LCIGP) product, followed by the development of a prototype of the refined pump and a flow field visualization experimental setup. Using high-speed camera technology to capture the internal flow dynamics of the LCIGP and combining it with flow field simulations, the high-speed cavitation characteristics of the LCIGP were elucidated. The results demonstrated that, compared to conventional products of the same specifications, the refined pump reduced gas content in the fluid domain by over 23.6 % and increased the filling factor by 0.9 %. Cavitation occurs in both suction chamber and meshing chamber within the range of 600∼6000 rpm, primarily consisting of larger air masses and small bubble clusters, while no significant cavitation was observed in the inter-tooth space where the ring gear is located. There is a critical speed of 3000 rpm where bubbles appear in the inter-tooth space of pinion gear, partly from suction chamber and partly separating from fluid. With higher speeds resulting in more bubbles and more intense cavitation. Under the action of pressure differences, most of bubbles in the inter-tooth space collapse and redissolve into the oil, only the bubbles entering the discharge chamber reduce the effective output flow rate of pump.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and experimental investigation of a high-frequency pulsating flow signal calibration system","authors":"Chuan Ding ,&nbsp;Zishuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Shi ,&nbsp;Jian Ruan ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic flow signals are conventionally categorized as either oscillatory or pulsating. To enable precise calibration of pulsating flow signals, this study presents a novel high-frequency pulsating flow calibration system, which decomposes the pulsating signal into oscillatory and steady-flow components. The system incorporates a dynamic cylinder-piston assembly for oscillatory flow calibration and a calibrated flowmeter for steady-flow validation. A system transfer function is analytically derived, parametric analysis determines the optimal parameters, and an experimental setup is implemented to assess dynamic response and calibration accuracy. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the system attains stabilization within approximately 10 s following a step-flow input, with settling time increasing proportionally to input amplitude. Under steady-state conditions, the system demonstrates precise tracking of 30 Hz pulsating flows, maintaining amplitude fidelity and phase coherence. However, when the input frequency reaches its maximum operational limit, the output signal exhibits a modest amplitude attenuation of approximately 8 %. Ultimately, with a total uncertainty of 0.24 %, the system proves effective for high-frequency pulsating flow calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal turbulence structures for the jet pipe servo valves pressure fluctuation based on principal correlation decomposition","authors":"Siming Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Hu ,&nbsp;Yaolan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow-induced vibration is critical to the performance and control strategies of jet pipe servo valves (JPSV), which calls for minimizing flow-induced pressure fluctuation. In this research, the large eddy simulation (LES) is implemented to investigate the corresponding flow-induced pressure fluctuation and turbulence structures. Most velocity fluctuation is found in the regions between the wedge and nozzle, whereas pressure fluctuation exists mostly in the receiving holes. Furthermore, these pressure fluctuations are more sensitive to velocity fluctuations between the jet nozzle and wedge, as these signals illustrate a similar wavelet spectrum with a primary peak at around 13–16 kHz and a secondary peak at 174–270 kHz for two different operating pressures. By contrast, the downstream velocity fluctuation shows less similarity as the spectrum only exhibits a primary peak. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is further implemented to extract and rank the flow modes by their turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), with the first mode capturing 7.39 % (Case 1) and 7.99 % (Case 2) of total TKE. Whereas, the Principal Correlation Decomposition (PCD), which ranks the flow modes by their influence on the pressure fluctuation at concerned points, has the first modes responsible for up to 32.4 % of the pressure fluctuation. Finally, the correlation coefficient between pressure fluctuation and the velocity field reconstructed by POD and PCD is contrasted. The PCD modes illustrate higher correlations than those of POD. And some energetic POD modes illustrate very limited correlation, indicating energetic turbulence structures (captured by POD) are not necessarily irrelevant to the pressure fluctuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-sphere method-based study of large-particle solid–liquid two-phase flow and erosion in centrifugal pumps","authors":"Zhe Lin ,&nbsp;Bohan Li ,&nbsp;Junyu Tao ,&nbsp;Haoran Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Xu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Centrifugal pumps are essential in petrochemical processes, yet the transportation of large particles presents persistent challenges. Owing to their high inertia and limited flow-following ability, large particles generate complex solid–liquid two-phase flow behavior within pumps. In this study, a CFD–DEM approach incorporating a multi-sphere packing technique based on Fibonacci grids is developed to simulate large-particle dynamics. The flow characteristics and erosion behavior of large particles in a centrifugal pump are systematically analyzed. The results show that large particles move with lower velocities and induce greater instability in the flow field, but exhibit improved flowability in the rotating domain. The associated erosion is relatively small in area and more diffusely distributed, although high-intensity erosion occurs locally. Increasing particle concentration enhances overall flow stability; however, the maximum erosion rate caused by particle collisions varies non-monotonically. These findings provide theoretical insight into erosion mitigation and flow control strategies for large-particle transport in centrifugal pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomographic PIV measurement system for the annular stator cascade flow in a multistage axial compressor","authors":"Haoqin Huang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Cameron Tropea ,&nbsp;Mingjun Feng ,&nbsp;Wu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoshu Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel developments for tomographic PIV measurements are described, which facilitate the measurement of the flow field in the outlet guide vanes (OGV) of an axial compressor. The first addresses the optical system, which fully integrates the guide vanes and the top casing of the compressor with the light source, the four cameras and the tracer particle injection tube. This effectively eliminates vibrations between the optical system and the compressor and allows calibration under field conditions. The second development is two further advancements of three-dimensional reconstruction methods, Forward Projection Area (<em>FPA</em>) and Unsupervised Reconstruction Technique based on U-net (UnRTU). <em>FPA</em> enables rapid calculation of the weighting coefficients capturing the projection of discrete voxels onto the corresponding pixels, while UnRTU utilizes a projection function as an unsupervised loss function for network training to achieve higher reconstruction accuracy. The main influencing factors of the measurement system, such as comparison of the effectiveness of two algorithms, camera positions and the difference in volume between the light source and the reconstructed region, are investigated using synthetic particle images. Finally, measurements on a compressor at 1200, 2400 and 3000 rpm are presented and compared with design based velocity triangles, exhibiting good agreement with the measurement results. Thus, it can be concluded that the tomo-PIV measurement system proposed in this study for the axial compressor stator is a viable measurement configuration. And the system represents a significant advancement, especially its ability to measure at different radii within the blade passage, compared to conventional PIV setups and camera arrangements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automation and accuracy improvement of field calibration for tipping-bucket rain gauges using laser sensors and roller pump","authors":"Bokjin Jang,&nbsp;Geonwoo Kim,&nbsp;Sunghyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed a portable automated calibration device (PRC-20AP) for tipping-bucket rain gauges (TBRGs) and quantitatively evaluated its performance through comparison with a conventional manual device (burette). Experiments were conducted under rainfall intensities of 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 mm/h, with a target total rainfall of 20 mm. Each condition was tested 15 times to calculate relative errors and expanded uncertainties.</div><div>The results showed that, for total rainfall measurements, the automated device outperformed the manual method in terms of accuracy and uncertainty under low-intensity conditions (≤20 mm/h). At intensities above 20 mm/h, the manual device exhibited smaller relative errors, which was attributed to structural factors that led to reduced actual rainfall intensity. However, the automated device consistently demonstrated lower expanded uncertainties across all conditions, indicating superior precision and repeatability.</div><div>For rainfall intensity measurements, the automated device showed better accuracy and lower uncertainty across the entire test range. At 100 mm/h, the relative error improved by 5.78 %, and the expanded uncertainty decreased by 0.17 mm/h (approximately 65.9 %).</div><div>These findings confirm that the automated calibration system is an effective alternative for enhancing the precision and reliability of rainfall measurements, offering practical advantages over manual methods for field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field application of the inline gated pipe equipped with constant flow control valve, case study: Qazvin, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Bijankhan,&nbsp;Ali Asqar Zakoaei,&nbsp;Fatemeh Tayyebi,&nbsp;Hadi Ramezani Etedali,&nbsp;Sara Fakouri,&nbsp;Sepideh Nazari,&nbsp;Ali Mahdavi Mazdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pressurized irrigation systems, non-uniform water distribution because of system head loss or non-level topography would result in over-irrigated areas and significant water loss. Gated pipe is a solution to uniform water distribution in pressurized irrigation systems. This work investigated the application of Constant Flow Control Valve, CFCV, as an inline gated pipe, to increase the on-farm water distribution uniformity. Experimental analyses indicated much better accuracy of the proposed gated pipe mechanism than the available device in the literature. Two case studies were employed to test the inline gated pipe application. The first was a locally installed two lines of irrigation tapes and the second case study was a farm, half equipped with irrigation tapes, and the rest used surface irrigation. In the tape irrigation system, CFCVs of the design flow rates of 0.4 and 0.6 L/s, were considered. Then, water distribution uniformity along the irrigation tapes and at the lateral pipes' entrances with and without CFCVs was tested. The results showed that installing CFCV at the tape entrances increases the emitters' uniformity up to about 92 %. The application of CFCV was tested at the farm scale using two valves of the design discharges of 5 and 10 L/s. Field data obtained with and without CFCV installation indicated that the valves prevented water loss of about 23.5 %–28 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}