Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Structural design and optimization of a high-precision laminar flow meter","authors":"Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Ming Wei ,&nbsp;Feixia Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiajie Ma ,&nbsp;Shanmin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminar flow meter is widely used in the field of gas micro-flow measurement, but it has the problems of poor linearity and excessive volume in micro-flow measurement. In this study, a sheet-type laminar flow meter based on the parallel pressure differential is proposed and the measurement principle, structural design and parameter calculation of the laminar flow meter are introduced. Tests were carried out on a prototype with a design flow range of 0–10 L/min. The standard device used in the tests was a FLUKE gas mass flow standard device with an extended uncertainty of 0.125 % (k = 2). The test results show that the maximum reading error of the prototype is 0.49 % without using any correction factor. The prototype achieves the design index of 0.8 level of accuracy, with a range ratio of 10:1. In addition, the linearity of the prototype is excellent, with a <em>Re</em>_max <em>d</em>/<em>L</em> value of 17.42, which is larger than the conventional requirement of 2∼2.5. This indicates that this design can effectively overcome the nonlinearity caused by the entrance/exit effects and reduce the volume of the flowmeter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved discharge prediction models for flow measurements using Central Baffle Flumes","authors":"P Sujith Nair ,&nbsp;Aniruddha D. Ghare ,&nbsp;Ankur Kapoor ,&nbsp;Avinash M. Badar","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow measurement in open channels using mobile or portable flumes is an effective solution for accurate discharge predictions. Researchers have developed various models using dimensional analysis, primarily considering upstream flow depth (<em>y</em>₁) and flume geometric parameters. The present study aims to improved discharge prediction models by incorporating the effect of critical depth (<em>y</em>_<em>c</em>) and ensuring applicability to both conical and cylindrical baffles. By studying flow through a Conical Central Baffle Flume (CBF) in trapezoidal channels, the research utilizes experiments and CFD-based simulations to gather data from six Conical CBFs with varying discharges. Applying Buckingham's π-method, two new discharge prediction models have been developed and calibrated. These discharge models include upstream flow depth and flume's geometric parameters as key influencing variables, while the effect of critical depth is incorporated through these key influencing variables (i.e. <em>y</em>₁, <em>B</em>, <em>D</em>, and <em>c</em>). The first model showed an absolute mean relative discharge error of 1.84 %, while the second model exhibited absolute mean relative errors of 1.99 %. Given the geometric similarity between conical and cylindrical baffles, these models were also validated for their use with Cylindrical CBFs, to confirm their broader applicability. Both the developed models were evaluated using statistical indices (RMSE, RME, PBIAS, and NSE), and as the first model is found to be more accurate, it has been proposed to estimate flow rate. The comparison of the developed models with existing models from the literature for both Conical and Cylindrical CBFs demonstrated that the proposed discharge model (Discharge Model-1) exhibited lower mean relative error in predicting flow rates. The study concludes that incorporating the effect of critical depth in development of models improves discharge prediction accuracy, making these models valuable for field engineers using both Conical and Cylindrical CBFs in trapezoidal channels with side slopes ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, for flow rate measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of flow characteristics in an unloaded spool valve with positive overlap and annular slit near the neutral zone","authors":"Hui Cai ,&nbsp;Hao Yan ,&nbsp;Bowen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the significant challenge of uncertainty in the flow characteristics of servo valves near the neutral zone. We present an innovative flow modeling approach that incorporates the structural parameters of the spool valve to effectively tackle this issue. A novel transition function calculation method was developed to accurately model the flow dynamics between the annular slit and orifice flow during spool movement. The design boundaries for the transition function were established based on three times the positive overlap of the spool valve pairs, a critical factor in our analysis. We also designed a method for obtaining time-varying flow coefficients, enhancing the model's responsiveness to operational changes. Our findings indicate that when the spool is positioned near the neutral zone, the fluid flow state transitions into a mixed flow regime, rather than remaining strictly laminar or turbulent. Additionally, we explored the impacts of pressure differential, positive overlap, and annular slit size on model accuracy. Results demonstrated that excessively small positive overlaps and large annular slits negatively affect the model's precision, while pressure differential has negligible influence. Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of our developed model, offering valuable insights for more precise nonlinear modeling in valve-controlled systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Boussignac valve: Experimental and numerical study of the working principle and thermofluid behavior","authors":"Andrés Meana-Fernández ,&nbsp;Irene Solís-Gallego ,&nbsp;Ana Fernández-Tena ,&nbsp;Sandra Velarde-Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Devices that generate Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) allow to increase respiration pressure in patients and enable an easier oxygenation. Despite advances in device size and noise reduction, many of them are still found cumbersome by patients. The Boussignac valve is a device without moving parts and reduced noise, able to generate CPAP by the coalescence of four high-speed-air jets. When connected to a face mask and an oxygen source, it may help in non-invasive ventilation procedures without disturbing patients. Due to its working principle, the generated pressure becomes a function of the valve flowrate, so its characterization becomes of vital importance to ensure patients receive adequate treatment. In this work, experimental tests and numerical Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were combined and compared with the manufacturer curve. It was possible to identify the main mechanisms responsible for pressure generation and flow amplification. – jet coalescence and viscous shearing. In contrast to the initial assumption of turbulence generating a one-directional valve, bidirectional flow was observed in the simulations, allowing exhaled air to leave the valve in the opposite direction. Pressure generation was found at between 20 and 60 % of the valve length. In addition, compressible effects arise as the flow rate increased above 10 L/min, leading to supersonic conditions at more than 25 L/min and the corresponding local temperature drop at the jet passages. The numerical procedure used may serve as a guideline for developing new valve models, ensuring mesh-independent results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and optimization of dynamic characteristics of a bi-directional relief valve for vehicle shock absorbers","authors":"Qingchao Xia ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Ganghui Ye ,&nbsp;Liujie Wu ,&nbsp;Guoyun Ye ,&nbsp;Bo Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the study of a bi-directional relief valve for vehicle shock absorbers. The performance of the solenoid valve significantly influences the overall efficiency of the vehicle damping system. In order to optimize its dynamic performance and ensure a better driving experience, an accurate dynamic model was developed to study the characteristics by numerical simulation approach. The model was validated by experimental results. With the validated model, the dynamic response of valve system under different operating conditions were discussed and selected some key parameters that have a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics by the Sobol sensitivity analysis method. Then, based on genetic algorithm, these parameters were optimized and the final optimization values were determined. Finally, the optimization was validated by comparing the experimental results before and after optimization. Under recovery stroke conditions, the maximum adjustment pressure increases 36.6 % and response time decreases 45 % compared to pre-optimization. This study proposes a more accurate modelling method and effectively improves the performance of the valve, which provides a validated methodology for enhancing the dynamic characteristics of electro-hydraulic control components in automotive suspension systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-source natural gas calorific value prediction model based on T-pipe analysis and response surface methodology","authors":"Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenqi Fu ,&nbsp;Guangchuan Liang ,&nbsp;Zichen Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Daixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongyang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the rapid development of the natural gas industry, it is important to achieve accurate and reliable prediction of natural gas calorific value (NGCV). With the formation of a multi-source gas supply, various parameters of natural gas flow will undergo changes, which can affect the acquisition of NGCV. Therefore, this paper establishes a T-pipe model of a multi-source mixed-transmission to analyze the influencing factors of NGCV. It explores the relationship between the mixing of natural gas from multiple sources, gas supply volume, pipe diameter, and other factors, and determine the position where the multi-source natural gas is uniformly mixed in the T-pipe. Additionally, a calorific value prediction model based on response surface (RSCVP-model) is proposed. The uncertainty of the model ranges from 0.18 % to 0.253 %, validating the accuracy and applicability of the model and providing reference for the prediction of NGCV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the water hammering, surges, and slamming caused by check valve closure in a wastewater pumping station by using a swing flex check valve","authors":"Mohamed Adel ,&nbsp;Fatma A.-M. Kassem ,&nbsp;Ismail Fathy","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hammer is one of the most dangerous phenomena in liquid or liquid/gas systems, because it can cause failure of the system integrity. Sudden valve closure in pipeline systems can cause high pressure that may lead to serious damages. Using an optimal valve closing rule can play an important role in managing extreme pressure in sudden valve closure. Many studies for water hammer concentrated on the main pipeline and pump stopping and important details can be overlooked. Air reduces wave celerity but increasing of surging can occur with some pipework configurations, particularly if air can be trapped, Pump startup can then result in severe water hammer. Selection of a proper check valve for a pumping station is essential to avoid vibration, noise, slamming, and pressure surge problems for the pipeline and pumps. So, in this paper two different check valves were tested for a sewage pumping station: a swing check valve and a swing flex check valve. Pressure measurements were recorded for both cases after a pump trip and resulting check valve closure. Surge analysis using a commercial software (Bentley Water Hammer) was performed. The experimental data was compared for predictions from the model. There is a good agreement between the experimental and predicted data. The results showed that the maximum transient pressure due to the swing flex check valve closure was 33.3 % less than using traditional swing check valve. Accordingly, it is recommended to use this type of valves in sewage water plants because of their high performance during pressure surges. The swing flex chack valve also achieved less slamming during sudden stop pump, so, it can be classified as a non slam check valve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated approach of throttling physical model and machine learning for gas-liquid two-phase flow rates measurement","authors":"Fachun Liang ,&nbsp;Manqing Jin ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiaao Chen ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Tang ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of flow measurement, machine learning methods have been widely applied, and the training data used is often related to physical principles. In this study, integrating the hydraulic and thermal characteristics resulting from two-phase flow throttling, the data-physics model-based flow measurement (DPMFM) without separation for gas-liquid two-phase flow by combining throttling physical model with machine learning technique is proposed. Throttling experiments are conducted with a 12 mm nozzle. The throttling physical model is obtained through theoretical derivation and experimental data fitting. It serves as a physical constraint in the prediction model of mas quality and the basis for the calculation of flow rates. Representative features are selected as network inputs based on correlation calculation results. The performance of the model is assessed with untreated datasets and compared with the model without a physical constraint. Measurements of gas and liquid flow rates are in a good agreement with the experiments with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.82 % and 3.62 %. The precision is favorable, with relative uncertainties for gas and liquid flow rate at 0.39 % and 0.57 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prototype for measuring the fuel consumption of ocean-going ships","authors":"Oliver Büker ,&nbsp;Krister Stolt ,&nbsp;Corinna Kroner ,&nbsp;Alexander Borchling ,&nbsp;Manfred Werner ,&nbsp;Günter Hagemann ,&nbsp;Heiko Warnecke","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maritime sector is working hard to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the shipping industry is under considerable pressure to identify innovative solutions, including a transition from conventional to cleaner fuels by 2050.</div><div>The most promising future fuels are ammonia, ethanol and methanol, which have lower viscosities than current fuels. These new generation fuels are sustainable and have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</div><div>Positive displacement meters are one of the most common types of flow meters used to measure fuel in the marine sector. However, they usually require a certain viscosity to perform properly. The aim of this study is to investigate the measurement performance of a prototype positive displacement fuel consumption meter capable of measuring next generation marine fuels and fuel blends with these and established fuels. The paper outlines the development of the prototype and how it was subsequently improved. Measurements were carried out on the prototype with fuels of different viscosities and line pressures relevant to shipping. The results prove that the meter operates almost independently of viscosity and pressure, making it suitable to accurately measure today's (current fuels), tomorrow's (blended fuels) and future fuels. Finally, suggestions for further improvements are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leakage fault diagnosis of oil and gas pipelines based on improved spiking residual network","authors":"Dongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Dandi Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safe operation of oil and gas pipelines is of vital importance for maintaining national energy security. Therefore, the implementation of efficient pipeline leakage detection is an important link to ensure the safe and stable operation of pipelines. In this paper, a pipeline leakage detection method based on an improved spiking residual network is proposed. First, a coding method is proposed to encode the original signal into a spiking sequence. The input oil and gas pipeline signals are encoded using short-time Fourier transform combined with spatial gating mechanism and LIF neurons. Second, wavelet convolution was introduced to improve the original spiking residual network. Finally, the improved spiking residual network is used to classify the pipeline signals after the coding process. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the model proposed in this paper reaches 100 % on the original signal data, and 95.62 % with the addition of 5 dB Gaussian white noise, which effectively shows that the method has high accuracy and strong robustness, and can effectively improve the oil and gas pipeline leakage detection effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}