Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Neural network approach to gas flow measurement: radial basis function networks in differential pressure method applications","authors":"Zhanat Dayev","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the application of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks for predicting gas flow rate based on differential pressure measurements across an orifice. Several RBF network architectures with varying numbers of hidden neurons were developed and tested to assess their predictive performance. The results demonstrate that all models achieved high accuracy, with determination coefficients exceeding 0.93 across training, testing, and validation datasets. Models with more hidden neurons exhibited improved approximation of the nonlinear relationship between input parameters such as pressure, differential pressure, temperature, and orifice diameter ratio and gas flow rate, resulting in lower residual standard errors. Error analysis showed that the predicted values consistently followed the ideal convergence trend, and the models-maintained robustness without signs of overfitting. The residual errors remained within ±7 for all ranges of input variables, including orifice diameter ratio and differential pressure, indicating acceptable accuracy for practical use. The study highlights the effectiveness of RBF networks in capturing complex physical dependencies and their suitability for implementation in intelligent measurement systems for gas flow. These findings support the use of RBF neural networks as a reliable and efficient tool for automated gas flow estimation, particularly in industrial environments where accurate and adaptive modeling is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and machine learning optimization of centrifugal pump performance","authors":"Nayeemuddin Mohammed ,&nbsp;Faizan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hiren Mewada ,&nbsp;Rajshekhar G. Rathod ,&nbsp;Sagar K. Sonawane","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technique coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize and predict the performance of a standard centrifugal pump for industrial applications. Model development is done through experimental data collection by varying aspiration pressure (9–95 kPa), discharge pressure (2–57 kPa), motor speed (2200–2600 rpm), and torque (0.31–0.84 Nm). The optimal pump efficiency was found to be 62.57 %. It is observed that the RSM model is capable of predicting the pump efficiency with an R² of 0.999 in comparison to the LSTM techniques, which exhibited an R² of 0.995. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is 5.179, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is 64.38, while the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is found to be 8.02 for the LSTM technique. Likewise, the MAE, MSE, and RMSE were found to be 0.23, 0.08, and 0.29, respectively, for the RSM model. The results of this study highlight that the pump efficiency might be effectively optimized and predicted with high accuracy by utilizing RSM along with the LSTM approach. This study presents a crucial data-driven strategy for optimization and performance prediction of a typical centrifugal pump. The proposed framework not only provides accurate performance predictions but also offers practical guidance for improving pump efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and supporting scalable implementation in industrial pumping systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization of centrifugal pumps: Experimental analysis of flow enhancement and cavitation mitigation under variable operating conditions","authors":"Youssef Ebada ,&nbsp;Abdullah Elshennawy ,&nbsp;Amr Elbrashy ,&nbsp;Maher Rashad","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation is critical in centrifugal pumps, leading to performance degradation, energy loss, and mechanical damage. This study presents an experimental approach for early detection and proactive management of cavitation by analyzing vibration signals and controlling fluid flow parameters. A comprehensive test rig was developed, comprising a centrifugal pump with a transparent casing, a variable-speed motor, and a computerized vibration monitoring system equipped with high-accuracy piezoelectric sensors and digital data acquisition. The primary objective is to identify the critical suction valve angle and operating parameters at which cavitation begins, using a combination of visual observation, vibration signal, envelope analysis, and theoretical evaluation. The simulation of a blockage in the system that could cause cavitation through three main test stages was examined and analyzed experimentally and theoretically. Stage 1 (3002 rpm, 0° valve angle): stable operation with a flow rate of 19.8 L/min and vibration peak at 0.2098 m/s², showing no cavitation. Stage 2 (3003 rpm, 22.5° valve angle): early-stage cavitation identified with a reduced flow rate of 14.8 L/min, high-frequency peaks at 1445.3 Hz (0.4264 m/s²) and 1806.0 Hz (0.2106 m/s²), and a damage index of 2.5 in envelope analysis. Stage 3 (2196 rpm, 22.5° valve angle): cavitation was successfully mitigated at a lower flow rate of 10.75 L/min, where high-frequency noise was eliminated, and the damage index dropped below 0.2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VMD-based adaptive ultrasonic flowmeter echo signal denoising algorithm","authors":"Zhongbing Li ,&nbsp;Hailong Liao ,&nbsp;Guihui Chen ,&nbsp;Haibo Liang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Honghua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow rate measurement of drilling return fluid plays a crucial role in the oil and gas industry, with significant impact on operational safety assurance, efficiency enhancement, and optimized resource management. However, the complex characteristics of drilling return fluids present persistent challenges to the long-term reliability and accuracy of conventional intrusive flow measurement methods. As a non-invasive approach, flow measurement based on ultrasound Doppler frequency shift demonstrate substantial application potential in this field. In order to cope with the severe noise interference of ultrasonic echo signals caused by the harsh environment of oil fields, this paper proposes a novel ultrasonic denoising algorithm integrating Ivy Optimization Algorithm-optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with improved wavelet soft-threshold denoising. Specifically, the proposed algorithm initially decomposes ultrasonic echo signals into multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) through VMD optimized by the Ivy Optimization Algorithm. Subsequently, to prevent the elimination of useful signal components during the improved wavelet soft-threshold denoising process for these IMFs, an energy spectral density-based classification algorithm is designed to categorize all IMFs into signal-dominant IMFs and noise-dominant IMFs. The noise-dominant IMFs are then subjected to improved wavelet soft-threshold denoising. Finally, the reconstructed signal is obtained by combining signal-dominant IMFs with denoised noise-dominant IMFs. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior denoising performance and robustness under various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Compared with traditional wavelet denoising, it improves SNR by 120.1 % and outperforms recent advanced algorithms by at least 6.3 %. Field tests reveal that the measurement error of ultrasonic flow meters using this algorithm is reduced by 67 % compared with conventional counterparts. These results confirm that the proposed algorithm effectively denoises ultrasonic flowmeter echo signals, thereby significantly enhancing measurement accuracy. This advancement provides a reliable technical solution for precise flow rate monitoring in complex drilling environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of low-turbulence structures and neural network-driven precise wind speed Control: A synergistic design for novel jet wind tunnel systems","authors":"Yuhao Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Kun Cao ,&nbsp;Junlin Li ,&nbsp;Delong Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet wind tunnels are critical equipment for achieving high-precision aerodynamic testing, particularly suited for aerospace applications with extremely high requirements for turbulence intensity and control accuracy. However, traditional wind tunnel design has long been limited by the independent development of aerodynamic structures and control systems, resulting in poor overall system performance and limited flow field control precision. To address this, this paper proposes a synergistic design method centered on a Coaxial Intelligent Flow Converger (CIFC), through deep integration of aerodynamic structural optimization and intelligent algorithms. In terms of structural optimization, the CIFC adopts an innovative main/auxiliary dual-channel design, which suppresses airflow disturbances while enabling precise flow regulation. In terms of intelligent algorithms, a multi-parameter, multi-task CNN-BiLSTM-Attention deep learning architecture is developed to realize real-time coordinated control of the CIFC's dual channels and establish a high-precision nonlinear mapping model among temperature, pressure, channel flow rates, and wind speed/pressure difference coefficients. Experimental validation shows that this synergistic design exhibits excellent performance in flow field uniformity, temperature gradient control, flow stability, and environmental adaptability, providing theoretical support and engineering pathways for the construction of next-generation high-precision aerodynamic testing platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical deviation analysis of characteristic performance points of the turbine condenser pump after bypass modification","authors":"Dušan Strušnik ,&nbsp;Jurij Avsec","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a detailed mathematical deviation analysis of the characteristic performance points of a turbine condenser pump following a bypass system modification. The primary task of the turbine condenser pump is to pump condensate from the condenser into the boiler feedwater system. Additionally, the condensate from the condenser pump serves as cooling water for auxiliary systems, such as ejector system cooling and steam dump device cooling. The condenser pump must operate within its characteristic performance properties to ensure the appropriate flow and pressure required for the uninterrupted operation of these systems. The bypass system, which is essential for directing steam during the start-up and trip of the steam turbine, was modified to improve operational flexibility and reliability. To determine the reliability of the condenser pump after the modification, reliability measurements were performed. The reliability was assessed by comparing the characteristic performance points provided by the manufacturer with the measured characteristic points. These measurements were conducted under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions in the turbine condenser. The results indicate that the deviations between the characteristic performance properties specified by the manufacturer and those measured are negligibly small. Minor deviations due to changes in pressure conditions are reflected in the net positive suction head (NPSH) of the condenser pump, and measurements show that operation with an NPSH greater than 1.5 m remains safe. The remaining deviations in characteristic performance properties are within acceptable limits, amounting to up to 3 %. Overall, the results reveal that the bypass modification does not adversely affect pump performance, and the observed shifts in characteristic performance curves are within tolerable operational limits, ensuring continued reliability and stability of the condenser system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 103041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanical water meter reading detection method based on improved Yolov8n","authors":"Haiyuan Jia,&nbsp;Shujing Su,&nbsp;Yunfen Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address challenges arising from dirty water dials, uneven lighting conditions, and varied shooting angles—which reduce the accuracy and recognition rates of mechanical water meter identification, we propose an intelligent reading method for old water meters based on improved YOLOv8n. Firstly, the C2f module is augmented with an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism employing dimensional decomposition and cross-channel correlation strategies to enhance discriminative feature representation. Secondly, the bidirectional feature pyramid network is used in the Concat module. The neck network also integrates shallow-level feature maps and a specialized prediction module to maintain high detection accuracy under interference conditions. Finally, the normalized wasserstein distance loss is combined with CIoU as a location regression loss function to reduce location bias sensitivity. The results show that the mAP₅₀ of the improved algorithm reaches 98.4%, and the mAP₅₀ and recall rate R are increased by 4.6% and 1.7%, respectively. It still has strong robustness in the face of complex condition interference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance testing of an ECMO ultrasonic blood flow sensor","authors":"Manman Wu,&nbsp;Dandan Zheng,&nbsp;Ying Xu,&nbsp;Zimeng Zheng,&nbsp;Chenglin Yv,&nbsp;Xueyong Chen,&nbsp;Haojun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique used for extracorporeal circulation and respiratory support, primarily for life-saving treatment in patients with respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional therapy. Ultrasonic blood flow sensors represent a critical component of ECMO systems, facilitating precise real-time blood flow measurements. The present study details the design and development of a novel clamp-on small-caliber ECMO ultrasonic blood flow sensor prototype (UBFS). Flow tests were conducted to analyse the sensor's response characteristics in 23 °C water and 37 °C imitation blood medium. A water-imitation blood calibration model (<em>M</em>_{<em>Water-iBlood</em>}) was proposed to replace blood with water for calibration, thereby reducing the cost of sensor testing. The incorporation of a Kalman filter algorithm into the sensor was undertaken to enhance measurement stability and accuracy. The experimental setup utilized a standard fluid flow calibration device, with an uncertainty of 0.2 %, a testing range of 0–10 L/min, and temperatures maintained at 23 °C and 37 °C, using water and imitation blood solutions as the test media. The results demonstrated that for flow rates up to 1 L/min, the sensor's measurement accuracy was within ±3.7 %, and for the flow rates of 1–10 L/min, the accuracy improved to within ±0.93 %, with repeatability within ±0.7 %. Finally, the UBFS was compared and evaluated through serial testing with commonly used small-diameter clamp-on industrial ultrasonic flow meters and medical ultrasonic flow meters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-line acquisition of fertilizer ingredient information based on multi-segment capacitive sensor combined with RLC resonance","authors":"Jianian Li ,&nbsp;Yongzheng Ma ,&nbsp;Chuanke Yang ,&nbsp;Jiaoli Fang ,&nbsp;Jiawen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irrigation-fertilization integration is a vital component of agricultural development, and the detection of fertilizer solution component information serves as a key link in this integration process. However, conventional detection methods for fertilizer solution components are plagued by deficiencies, including the incapacity to execute real-time online monitoring and a tendency to generate excessively large detection errors. In order to address these challenges, the study has designed a multi-segment capacitive sensor and proposed an online detection method based on RLC resonance and characteristic frequency response. The validity of the method is established through the utilization of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and compound fertilizers as test subjects. Firstly, the frequency response characteristics within the range of 1 kHz–30 MHz are investigated. The findings indicate that the sensor demonstrates optimal detection performance within the frequency range of 1 MHz–20 MHz Secondly, the characteristic frequencies of different fertilizer solutions are determined as 7.5 MHz, 9.5 MHz, 14.5 MHz, 3 MHz, 11.5 MHz, and 17.5 MHz based on the series resonance response characteristics. A concentration detection model based on the sensor's amplitude voltage is constructed, with determination coefficients (R²) all exceeding 0.9909. Finally, a detection strategy of multi-segment parallel operation with a “species-first-then-concentration\" approach is adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis of fertilizer solutions. Validation results show that the species recognition accuracy exceeds 94 %, and the concentration detection error is less than ±7.5 %. This research meets the demand for online detection of fertilizer solution components and concentrations in agricultural engineering, providing technical support for the development of irrigation-fertilization integration technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and dynamic performance of a novel high water-based digital valve operated by explosion proof servo motor pilot dual valves","authors":"He Zhang ,&nbsp;Zijie Zou ,&nbsp;Jiyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unique configuration approach for a pilot double-valve core high-pressure large-flow high-water-based explosion-proof digital flow valve is proposed to address the challenge of regulating straightness of scraper conveyor in coal mine working face of hydraulic support. The ‘active’ two-way cartridge valve serves as the primary stage, and pilot stage is made up of two 2/3 valves that are driven by motor screw. The flow capacity and cavitation occurrence law of various main valve port structural characteristics are investigated by numerical calculation using CFD. Along with mathematical model for pilot stage, the current loop, speed loop, and position loop parameters are calculated. Based on the simulation study, “three-loop” has better response characteristics, and primary stage’s performance is most affected by pilot damping and pilot liquid supply pressure. Ultimately, prototype and test platform built on Xpc are produced. The results show that digital flow valve driven by explosion-proof servo motor can provide proportional control in both loading and no-load scenarios. When loading, the step rise time is 0.2 s. It can better guarantee control performance, react more quickly, and satisfy the straightness control demand in the subterranean support working face than a stepper motor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}