Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Study on the dynamic characteristics of CDC valves based on a thermo-fluid-solid coupling model","authors":"Yumeng Li ,&nbsp;Fangwei Xie ,&nbsp;Jian Lu ,&nbsp;Anxin Sun ,&nbsp;Zuzhi Tian ,&nbsp;Shuyou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CDC valve is a multi-physics coupling system, where flow field simulation accuracy is crucial for dynamic characteristic analysis. This study develops a CFD-based thermo-fluid-structure coupling model, integrating interactions among flow, thermal, and stress fields, with experimental validation of its accuracy. Results show that the CDC valve reaches peak flow at 50 °C but exhibits a declining trend at higher temperatures. Under 30 °C and 6 MPa conditions, the maximum error between experimental and simulated flow rates is 7.46 %, demonstrating model reliability. This research reveals the dynamic behavior of the CDC valve under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, providing theoretical support for optimized design and expanding multi-physics modeling of complex hydraulic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the flow field and steady-state hydrodynamics of a sliding valve with a sloping U-shaped throttle groove","authors":"Shipeng Shangguan ,&nbsp;Huawei Duan ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Lanzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhibo Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing U-shaped throttle grooves in spool valves face issues such as unstable fluid flow, high-pressure drop, and uneven variation of flow area. This paper proposes a novel spool valve throttle groove featuring a sloped U-shaped configuration. Through theoretical derivation of mathematical models for flow areas of different throttle grooves combined with CFD simulation analysis of flow field characteristics and distribution patterns, the study reveals the influence of flow area change gradient on hydrodynamic forces. Furthermore, three-dimensional hydraulic spool valve models with different throttle grooves were established to analyze the effects of key parameters - valve opening (1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm), pressure difference (1 MPa, 3 MPa, 5 MPa), and slope angle (6°, 12°, 18°) - on flow field characteristics and hydrodynamic behavior. Results demonstrate that the sloped U-shaped throttle groove exhibits more stable pressure and velocity distributions under varying openings and pressure differences, significantly reducing hydrodynamic force fluctuations with a maximum reduction of 59.72 %, thereby improving system stability and flow control accuracy. Experimental validation using a comprehensive hydraulic valve test bench confirmed the accuracy of the spool valve simulation model. The research indicates that the sloped U-shaped throttle groove effectively enhances spool valve system stability, extends component lifespan, and improves hydraulic control precision, providing theoretical support for designing and optimizing hydraulic spool valves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of particle reconstruction quality for three-dimensional light field PIV","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Md Moinul Hossain ,&nbsp;Chuanlong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the reconstruction quality factor, a critical metric for assessing particle position reconstruction accuracy in light field particle image velocimetry (LF-PIV). Key factors influencing the reconstruction quality are analyzed, and a benchmark criterion for reconstruction quality is proposed to ensure high-accuracy three-dimensional flow measurement. Numerical reconstructions of random particle and 3D displacement fields are performed to optimize the tomographic and deep learning reconstruction approaches. Strategies for generating optimal datasets for deep learning models are presented. The findings indicate that the generation of ghost particles and the omission of true particles are the primary causes of low reconstruction quality. The latter has a more noticeable impact, particularly when ghost particle intensities are significantly lower than true particles. A reconstruction quality factor of above 0.7 is recommended for reliable, high-accuracy flow measurements. Learning-based methods outperform tomographic algorithms in particle reconstruction, achieving comparable reconstruction accuracy with a single light field camera (LFC) to that of tomographic methods using dual LFCs. To generate high-quality datasets for deep learning, an optimal angular separation of 0.01° between sampling rays, a seeding density range of 0∼1 particle per microlens, and variable particle peak intensities are suggested. Additionally, incorporating noise at 10 % of the image intensity standard deviation into training data significantly enhances model robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative prediction of pressure and velocity in 3D flow field based on neural networks","authors":"Xiumei Liu,&nbsp;Su Wu,&nbsp;Beibei Li,&nbsp;Rui Han,&nbsp;Linmin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important component in the coal liquefaction system, the regulating valve's flow field and pressure distribution affects the service life and working stability of the system. In order to achieve rapid prediction of the three-dimensional(3D) pressure and velocity in the regulating valve, a prediction model based on neural network was built. The hyperparameters of the model were selected and the network parameters were optimized through genetic algorithms. The training model was verified under different working conditions. The value of axial velocity and radial velocity predicted by the optimized GA-BP model are discussed. The predicted axial velocity <em>v</em>_<em>x</em>, radial velocity <em>v</em>_<em>y</em> and <em>v</em>_<em>z</em> are almost the same with the simulation results. The largest velocity located near the orifice because of the sudden decreasing flow area, and there is a local low speed area near the head of the core head. And the distribution of pressure in the valve is also predicted by this proposed GA-BP model. There is a reflux with local low pressure is located near the orifice, and the error between the simulation and predicted results is about 2 %. Furthermore, the 3D flow field in the regulating valve with higher working pressure is predicted which cannot be easily measured experimentally. The value of resultant velocity <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> is close to the axial velocity <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, the maximum value of <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is about 200 m.s⁻¹ which is located near the orifice. The value of radial velocity <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> are almost the same, because the structure of the experimental valve is axisymmetric. The maximum value of <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> are 38.3 m.s⁻¹ and 36.2 m.s⁻¹ respectively. This GA-BP prediction model has a good learning effect on the characteristics of the flow field in the regulating valve, could reflect and predict the operation status of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on the application of a mechanical system in a Mexican gas well with liquid loading issues","authors":"A. Albiter,&nbsp;J.A. Vargas,&nbsp;A. Contreras,&nbsp;L. Cruz-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the application of a mechanical system to improve the flow pattern (MSIFP) in a conventional liquid-loaded well issue, located in the northern region of Mexico. The well is drilled in a reservoir of hydraulically fractured sands characterized by low permeability ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 millidarcy (mD). In this challenging environment, hydrocarbon production decreases due to liquid loading, reservoir pressure reduction, and intermittent flow patterns along the production pipeline. The methodology used integrates mechanistic models with dynamic records of pressure and temperature to estimate energy losses during fluid transport from the wellbore to the surface. The method involved installing the MSIFP and analyzing changes in flow patterns, specifically, the transition from slug flow to churn and mist flows. The geometry of the flow pattern improver system is selected based on current production conditions and fluid properties. Results showed a significant increase in gas production from 8.9 to 20.36 m³/day, alongside improved efficiency in liquid transport. As a result, production in the well increased by 128 % while preserving reservoir energy. This approach enhances well performance, prolonging the well's lifespan and providing a practical solution to common liquid-loading challenges in gas wells. These findings are based on comparing hydrocarbon production before and after installing the system at the well bottom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of domestic ultrasonic water meters subjected to multiple tests","authors":"I. Albaina,&nbsp;G.A. Esteban,&nbsp;I. Bidaguren,&nbsp;U. Izquierdo","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart water meters play a crucial role in promoting sustainable urban development, optimizing water management, utility efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. Limited knowledge exists regarding their long-term performance across diverse conditions. This study assessed modern ultrasonic water meters in households, testing six pairs from five brands. Evaluations involved varying water flow rates, simulating starts and stops, abrupt supply changes, and durability assessments. Generally, the meters performed accurately, avoiding consistent over- or undercounting. However, performance varied across brands and models due to technological disparities. Integrated battery-equipped meters met accuracy standards, yet exhibited discrepancies in more demanding testing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstage follow-up characteristics of displacement reverse follow-up proportional valve","authors":"Wei Min ,&nbsp;Zao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yawei Li ,&nbsp;Duanrui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the displacement follow-up proportional valve, the main spool moves with the pilot poppet, and the opening of the main valve port is limited by the stroke of the pilot spool, the flow amplification capacity of the main valve is restricted seriously. The displacement reverse follow-up proportional valve configuration with the displacement follow-up ratio exceeding 1 is proposed in this paper. The mathematical model is established to identify key factors affecting the stability of the main spool and the displacement follow-up ratio, and the main structural parameters of the proportional valve are determined. Subsequently, AMESim is employed to analyse the interstage follow-up characteristics under varying working conditions, and the accuracy of the simulation model is validated experimentally. The research results indicate that the dead zone of the pilot valve is 0.37 mm, and the main spool can effectively achieve reverse follow-up of the pilot poppet while maintaining a stable displacement follow-up ratio of approximately 1.2. When the inlet pressure exceeds 5 MPa, the step response rise time of the main spool is less than 10 ms, and the steady-state displacement follow-up error is below 5 %. Furthermore, the main spool can reliably track the pilot cylinder displacement sinusoidal input signal with a frequency below 20 Hz and the displacement lag time of less than 1 ms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural design and optimization of a high-precision laminar flow meter","authors":"Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Ming Wei ,&nbsp;Feixia Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiajie Ma ,&nbsp;Shanmin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminar flow meter is widely used in the field of gas micro-flow measurement, but it has the problems of poor linearity and excessive volume in micro-flow measurement. In this study, a sheet-type laminar flow meter based on the parallel pressure differential is proposed and the measurement principle, structural design and parameter calculation of the laminar flow meter are introduced. Tests were carried out on a prototype with a design flow range of 0–10 L/min. The standard device used in the tests was a FLUKE gas mass flow standard device with an extended uncertainty of 0.125 % (k = 2). The test results show that the maximum reading error of the prototype is 0.49 % without using any correction factor. The prototype achieves the design index of 0.8 level of accuracy, with a range ratio of 10:1. In addition, the linearity of the prototype is excellent, with a <em>Re</em>_max <em>d</em>/<em>L</em> value of 17.42, which is larger than the conventional requirement of 2∼2.5. This indicates that this design can effectively overcome the nonlinearity caused by the entrance/exit effects and reduce the volume of the flowmeter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved discharge prediction models for flow measurements using Central Baffle Flumes","authors":"P Sujith Nair ,&nbsp;Aniruddha D. Ghare ,&nbsp;Ankur Kapoor ,&nbsp;Avinash M. Badar","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow measurement in open channels using mobile or portable flumes is an effective solution for accurate discharge predictions. Researchers have developed various models using dimensional analysis, primarily considering upstream flow depth (<em>y</em>₁) and flume geometric parameters. The present study aims to improved discharge prediction models by incorporating the effect of critical depth (<em>y</em>_<em>c</em>) and ensuring applicability to both conical and cylindrical baffles. By studying flow through a Conical Central Baffle Flume (CBF) in trapezoidal channels, the research utilizes experiments and CFD-based simulations to gather data from six Conical CBFs with varying discharges. Applying Buckingham's π-method, two new discharge prediction models have been developed and calibrated. These discharge models include upstream flow depth and flume's geometric parameters as key influencing variables, while the effect of critical depth is incorporated through these key influencing variables (i.e. <em>y</em>₁, <em>B</em>, <em>D</em>, and <em>c</em>). The first model showed an absolute mean relative discharge error of 1.84 %, while the second model exhibited absolute mean relative errors of 1.99 %. Given the geometric similarity between conical and cylindrical baffles, these models were also validated for their use with Cylindrical CBFs, to confirm their broader applicability. Both the developed models were evaluated using statistical indices (RMSE, RME, PBIAS, and NSE), and as the first model is found to be more accurate, it has been proposed to estimate flow rate. The comparison of the developed models with existing models from the literature for both Conical and Cylindrical CBFs demonstrated that the proposed discharge model (Discharge Model-1) exhibited lower mean relative error in predicting flow rates. The study concludes that incorporating the effect of critical depth in development of models improves discharge prediction accuracy, making these models valuable for field engineers using both Conical and Cylindrical CBFs in trapezoidal channels with side slopes ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, for flow rate measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of flow characteristics in an unloaded spool valve with positive overlap and annular slit near the neutral zone","authors":"Hui Cai ,&nbsp;Hao Yan ,&nbsp;Bowen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the significant challenge of uncertainty in the flow characteristics of servo valves near the neutral zone. We present an innovative flow modeling approach that incorporates the structural parameters of the spool valve to effectively tackle this issue. A novel transition function calculation method was developed to accurately model the flow dynamics between the annular slit and orifice flow during spool movement. The design boundaries for the transition function were established based on three times the positive overlap of the spool valve pairs, a critical factor in our analysis. We also designed a method for obtaining time-varying flow coefficients, enhancing the model's responsiveness to operational changes. Our findings indicate that when the spool is positioned near the neutral zone, the fluid flow state transitions into a mixed flow regime, rather than remaining strictly laminar or turbulent. Additionally, we explored the impacts of pressure differential, positive overlap, and annular slit size on model accuracy. Results demonstrated that excessively small positive overlaps and large annular slits negatively affect the model's precision, while pressure differential has negligible influence. Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of our developed model, offering valuable insights for more precise nonlinear modeling in valve-controlled systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}