Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Coriolis massflow measurement errors due to inhomogeneous entrained particles: An analytical model","authors":"Stephan Wernli ,&nbsp;Lilach Goren Huber ,&nbsp;Nicolas P. Avdelidis ,&nbsp;Alfred Rieder","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Coriolis mass flow meter is a critical instrument used in various industries for the precise measurement of mass flow rate and density of a fluid. Despite its widespread use, the impact of entrained particles within the fluid can significantly affect the accuracy of the meter, leading to potential errors and inefficiencies. Previous calculations of the mass flow errors assumed that the entrained particles are uniformly distributed along the axis of the measurement tube. In this paper we extend the analytical investigation of the measurement errors beyond the previous work to the regime of non-uniform density distribution of the entrained particles. We provide a clear analysis of the contributions of various physical effects in this regime to the mass-flow measurement error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on steam flowrate measurement based on vortex uniform velocity tube integrated sensor","authors":"Lide Fang ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeqi Wang ,&nbsp;Danlei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yue Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steam, as a recyclable energy source, has a wide range of applications. The accurate measurement of steam flowrate is closely related to the selection and installation of steam flowmeters. Combining the advantages of differential pressure (DP) measurement and vortex street measurement methods, a vortex uniform velocity tube integrated sensor is designed in this paper. Based on the condensation weighing standard device of the national steam metering station, experimental measurements and performance verification are conducted on the sensor using superheated steam as the medium. The results show that the vortex uniform velocity tube integrated sensor designed in this study has a relative error(RE) of less than 1 % in measuring steam mass flow rate and steam density, and a repeatability of less than 0.7 %. This sensor can achieve high-precision measurement of steam under high temperature and high pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flow field modeling and performance analysis method for the pilot stage of deflector jet servo valve","authors":"Xiaoxue Liu,&nbsp;Yaobao Yin,&nbsp;Yifan Wang,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deflector jet servo valve (DJSV) is a critical component in modern hydraulic control systems, widely used in aerospace, industrial automation, and precision machinery due to its high response speed and reliability. The pilot stage, as a core component of the servo valve, plays a crucial role in converting the displacement signal from the torque motor into the pressure signal to drive the movement of the power stage spool valve. However, the pilot stage flow field structure of the DJSV is intricate, involving multiple phases of energy conversion, and existing studies lack a complete mathematical model that can accurately describe its performance. This limitation has hindered the optimization of servo valve design and performance analysis. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel method for modeling and performance analysis of the pilot stage flow field of the DJSV. Based on the working principles of the pilot stage and the mechanisms of energy transfer and conversion during the jet flow process, the pilot stage jet flow is divided into five distinct phases to develop a mathematical model of the flow field. Furthermore, the performance of the pilot stage and the influence of key structural parameters are analyzed, then a mapping relationship between them is established. This paper conducted a pressure characteristic test of the pilot stage to verify the correctness of the proposed method. The proposed model offers significant practical value for optimizing servo valve design, reducing development time, and improving system performance in various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating discharge coefficient of the sluice gate including, the semi-cylindrical sill utilizing multiple model strategy","authors":"Parisa Ebadzadeh ,&nbsp;Rasoul Daneshfaraz ,&nbsp;Bahram Nourani ,&nbsp;John Abraham","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sluice gates with a semi-cylindrical sill are flow control structures that are used in irrigation canals to regulate water level and flow discharge. To estimate the flow discharge through these structures, it is necessary to accurately estimate the discharge coefficient. The aim of this study is to present a new approach based on data-mining to accurately estimate the <em>C</em>_<em>d</em> based on experimental data. First, standalone data-mining models such as Artificial Neural Network (<em>ANN</em>) and Gaussian Process Regression (<em>GPR</em>) were developed. Then, to improve the performance of the standalone models, a multiple model (<em>MM</em>) strategy was used to develop new multiple models handled by <em>ANN</em> (<em>MM</em>-<em>ANN</em>) and <em>GPR</em> (<em>MM-GPR</em>). Next, an ensemble model (<em>EM</em>) strategy was developed. A total of 107 experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the semi-cylindrical sill geometry on the discharge coefficient. 70 % of the data was reserved for the training phase, and the remaining 30 % for the testing phase. The ratio of energy head to sill width (<em>h/b</em>) and approach energy head to wetted parameter (<em>h/P)</em> were as input variables and the discharge coefficient (<em>C</em>_<em>d</em>) was an output variable. The outcomes of the multiple models and ensemble model were compared to the standalone methods using statistical metrics (<em>R</em>², <em>RE</em>%, <em>RMSE</em>, and <em>MAE</em>) and graphical tools (Taylor, Violin, <em>RE</em>%, and scatter plots). The <em>MM</em>-<em>ANN</em> model with <em>R</em> = 0.951, <em>R</em>² = 0.904, <em>SI</em> = 0.012, <em>RE</em>% = 0.891, <em>MAE</em> = 0.005, and <em>RMSE</em> = 0.007 outperformed the <em>ANN</em>, <em>GPR</em>, <em>MM</em>-<em>GPR</em>, and <em>EM</em> models in accuracy. The <em>h/p</em> variable had the greatest effect on the target variable of <em>MM-ANN</em> evidenced by a <em>SHAP</em> value of 0.45. The <em>MM</em>-<em>ANN</em> model provided reasonable estimates the experimental results. It is recommended to implement the multiple model strategy in order to improve the calculation accuracy of the models in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 102849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of analogous oil droplet attached to transparent pipe wall","authors":"Han Lian-fu ,&nbsp;Zhang Yin-hao ,&nbsp;Wang Hai-xia ,&nbsp;Gu Jian-fei ,&nbsp;Liu Xingbin ,&nbsp;Fu Chang-feng","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PTV is an active study method of oil-water two-phase flow characteristic based on photogrammetry. It has advantages of undisturbed, no-contact and high measurement accuracy which directly related to the image quality. However, analogous oil droplet attachments on inner transparent pipe wall are often recorded as part of image, thus reducing measurement accuracy. To overcome the obstacle, it is necessary to identify and locate the outline of analogous oil droplet attachments. Extracting color and motion characters of oil-water two-phase flow images as features for clustering and applying K-means algorithm to identify and locate the outline of the analogous oil droplet attachment. K-means algorithm's clustering result is greatly affected by initial clustering centers and outlier data in practical applications, so Isolation Forest is adopted to improve K-means algorithm. The new algorithm proposed in this paper is called ILF-Kmeans. Simulation and experiment verification are carried out on ILF-Kmeans algorithm. Simulation results show that ILF-Kmeans algorithm has better clustering effect and higher identification accuracy than K-means algorithm; Experiment results show that measurement accuracy of PTV based on ILF-Kmeans to measure the oil phase velocity of oil-water two-phase flow increases by 4.25 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of hydro-abrasive erosion in a five-jet Pelton turbine distributor","authors":"Navam Shrivastava,&nbsp;Anant Kumar Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In high-head hydropower plants, the Pelton injector is prone to erosion even for low sediment concentration and smaller size particles due to high flow velocities. Here, the effect of complex flow in a five-jet Pelton distributor is considered for analysing the erosion in the injector and distributor numerically. The discrete phase model based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used for tracking sediment particles. In this study, a good agreement of the obtained results with the experiments and field observations in a high-head hydropower plant validated the numerical methods selected. For larger-sized particles, a significant difference in the erosion among nozzles of the distributor was found. However, the difference in the erosion was reduced for smaller-sized particles. Further, erosion observed in the fifth nozzle was four times higher than the second nozzle considering 200 μm size particles during part-load conditions. Variation of sediment impact velocity due to change in sediment size has a similar trend for both the nozzle and needle surfaces. In contrast, variation in sediment concentration in the nozzle and needle resulted in an inverse relation with sediment size. The asymmetrical erosion pattern obtained for the nozzle is consistent with the erosion pattern from the prototype plant. Asymmetricity was also observed in the distribution of sediments in the jet, substantially for the fifth injector. The head loss at the third bifurcation is two times more at the full-load condition compared to the part-load condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the external acoustic field characteristics of gas pipeline leakage","authors":"Shenglin Diao,&nbsp;Wenjun Wu,&nbsp;Ben Zhang,&nbsp;Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The external acoustic field characteristics of leakage from pipelines are crucial in assessing the feasibility of non-contact acoustic methods for pipeline leakage detection. This study explores the characteristics of such leakage in gas pipelines by coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow field calculations with the acoustic software ACTRAN. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was first employed to calculate the unsteady flow field during a leak of gas pipelines. To account for the high Mach number associated with gas pipeline leakage, the Möhring acoustic analogy method was employed to extract the aerodynamic noise source. This approach utilized time-averaged flow velocity data from the unsteady flow field as the background flow. The study further examined the characteristics of the external leakage sound source under varying fluid pressure conditions. Additionally, the near-field and far-field propagation characteristics of the sound source were analyzed using a combination of acoustic finite element and infinite element methods. The results demonstrate that a high-velocity jet region forms at the outlet of the leakage hole during a gas pipeline leak, generating a leakage sound source predominantly characterized by a quadrupole sound source. The peak sound pressure level of the leakage noise is primarily concentrated in the low-frequency range. While the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the pipeline influences the intensity of the sound source within the jet region, it does not significantly affect the frequency characteristics of the sound source. The strong sound source distribution largely coincides with the jet region, and the propagation of the leakage sound source along the jet direction is symmetric, with this symmetry maintained across varying distances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mode decomposition based investigation of unsteady flow characteristics and pressure pulsations in centrifugal pumps operating under partial load conditions for scientific advancement","authors":"Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Chenzhuo Ning ,&nbsp;Feng Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilong Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To analyze the unsteady flow properties and their effect on the centrifugal pump performance, we employ a hybrid approach using numerical and experimental methods to evaluate and identify complex flow states. The pressure variations measured experimentally at the centrifugal pump's input and outlet are analyzed utilizing the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The flow field data generated by numerical simulation is studied to analyze the distribution of pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and distribution of the velocity streamlines under different working conditions, the method of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is utilized to examine distribution of vorticity within a centrifugal pump working under conditions of partial load and designed flow rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between the inlet and outlet pressure fluctuations of the pump and the flow instability. Using CWT analysis of the pump inlet and outlet pressure pulsation signal, the amplitude of the rotor frequency <em>(f</em>₀) and twice the rotor frequency (2<em>f</em>₀) increased significantly when the flow decreased. The decrease of flow rate promotes the scale and number of vortices, and also promotes the development of pump vibration strength. With the decrease of the flow rate, the vortex constantly diffuses from the suction side of the blade to the pressure side, the pressure at the impeller shows obvious heterogeneity, and the strength of the vortex structure also increases and gradually diffused, resulting in the obstruction of the flow channel. These findings provide a scientific basis for ensuring the stable operation of the centrifugal pump.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Void fraction measurement of horizontal gas–liquid two-phase flow based on multifiber optical probe","authors":"Weihang Kong ,&nbsp;Shaohua Li ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Longlin Chen ,&nbsp;Xianbin Wang ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Hu Hao ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve the void fraction measurement under different flow patterns, we develop the void fraction measurement method of gas–liquid two-phase flow based on multifiber optical probes in the horizontal collecting pipeline with small diameter in this paper. Specially, the flow characteristics and laws of the gas–liquid two-phase fluid are explored in horizontal small-diameter collecting pipeline; the structure of the multifiber optical probes is designed and optimized through Zemax simulation, and then the sensor with the optimal hexagonal seven-probe structure is developed and validated on the established experimental platform for void fraction measurement under different working conditions. Experimental results show that the developed void fraction measurement method based on the structure of multifiber optical probes has good applicability for void fraction measurement under different flow patterns in horizontal pipelines, and its measurement error does not exceed 0.07.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new path in compressor valve design: Optimizing rotary cupped valves for superior flow and efficiency","authors":"Xiao Hong,&nbsp;Dajing Liu,&nbsp;Weilin Cui,&nbsp;Dexi Wang,&nbsp;Xinrui Fu,&nbsp;Xiwen Cao,&nbsp;Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional optimization methods for reciprocating compressor valves are primarily suited for self-acting valves with elastic components, where parameters such as thrust coefficient and Mach number impose mutual constraints, thereby limiting performance improvements. To address limitation, a novel rotary cupped valve has been proposed, achieving precise control through valve core rotation and reducing dependency on gas and spring forces. To meet the design requirements of the full process control type valve, a new mathematical optimization model was developed, and its performance was quantitatively analyzed and optimized through ANSYS fluid-structure coupling numerical simulations. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared to traditional self-acting plate valve, the novel valve reduces leakage by 5 %, increases the flow coefficient by 8.16 %, expands the effective flow area by 88.64 %, and decreases pressure loss by 40.36 %. The model's calculations are in good agreement with experimental results, with a maximum error within 5 %. Additionally, the full opening time of the novel rotary cupped valve is extended by 66.7 % compared to traditional valves, with an increase in capacity by 6 % and a reduction in power consumption by 0.6 %, demonstrating significant engineering application value and promising prospects for further development and widespread adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}