Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Novel kinetic energy dissipation CFD-based simulation over holed-steps spillway","authors":"Thaer Hashem ,&nbsp;Jaafar S. Maatooq ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide an innovative development the traditional steps by creating holes of dimensions, numbers and geometric arrangement to enable the flow to penetrate through and overlaps with the main flow passing over the crest, leading to an increase in turbulence areas responsible for increasing the chance of air interanment, which is meaning more increasing in the dissipation of kinetic energy. This new approach has been tested numerically using CFD and verified experimentally. Different scenarios of upstream flow conditions, and geometric properties of holes, perforation ratio, number of rows, spacing in between, and alignment have been adopted in the test. The results show that a lower perforation ratio, a single straight row, and a single step distance yield the best performance for the aim among all adopted scenarios. Compared to traditional design, the result indicated that the energy dissipation increased to approximately 130 % and the gained evacuated discharge up to 150 % for identical upstream flow conditions. Furthermore, Local pressure distribution reduction up to 85 %. Turbulent intensity, turbulent dissipation, flow field pressure fluctuation, and volume of fluid fraction perform well with decreasing perforation ratio, number of rows, and step distance, with straight alignment. This study will be beneficial for safely removing high excess flow while maintaining a safe downstream environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and study of flow field characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow worm shaft pump","authors":"Jiadi Lian ,&nbsp;Zijian Zheng ,&nbsp;Hong Zang ,&nbsp;Yibin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative vacuum mixed transfer pump with mixed transfer function - the worm shaft pump was proposed. The geometric model of the eccentric helical worm shaft rotor and the multi-objective parameters of the rotor helix, taper ratio, rotational speed, eccentricity and baffle were established. The flow characteristics of the worm shaft pump under different objective parameters were discussed. The stirring, mixing and conveying functions of the worm shaft pump were quantitatively evaluated by using the CFD numerical simulation method. By analyzing the velocity dead zone of the flow field in the inlet cavity of the worm shaft pump and the volume fraction of the oil phase in the outlet cavity, the structural design parameters that meet the mixing performance of the worm shaft pump were obtained. Through the flow-head and flow-efficiency curves, the optimal design parameters of the conveying structure were determined as an eccentricity of 11.5 mm, a rotational speed of 3000 rpm, 4 screws, a taper ratio of any one of the set parameters, and a structural design with baffles. Combining the mixing characteristics and conveying characteristics, the comprehensive optimized design parameters of the worm shaft pump were finally proposed as an eccentricity of 11.5 mm, a rotational speed of 3000 rpm, 4 screws, a taper ratio of 0.30, and a structural design with baffles, in order to meet the requirements of the mixing characteristics and conveying characteristics of the cutting fluid. This research can be applied to the performance improvement and structural optimization design of vacuum mixed transfer pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized design and experimental study of an ultra-high-pressure air linear flow regulation valve","authors":"LongLong Gao,&nbsp;Yue Shi,&nbsp;Baoren Li,&nbsp;JiaCheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the poor linearity between valve core displacement and valve mass flow in conventional air flow control valves, which limits flow regulation accuracy, this study proposes an ultra-high-pressure air linear flow regulation valve (UHPALFRV) designed using a dual-cubic contraction profile, a Laval nozzle, and a quadratic envelope. Multiple numerical models of Laval-nozzle valve seats were established, and their flow characteristics were evaluated via pressure distribution, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and Mach number to identify the valve seat geometry most conducive to gas flow. A mathematical model linking valve core displacement to effective flow area was formulated for the novel linear regulation unit, and key parameters were optimized using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm integrating chaotic mapping, golden sine perturbation, Cauchy dynamic perturbation, and an elite selection strategy, thereby achieving highly linear flow modulation. A high-pressure air valve test platform was constructed, and flow linearity tests were performed. The results indicate that, compared with the other three configurations, the valve seat employing a dual-cubic contraction profile exhibits a more uniform pressure gradient and higher consistency. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the pressure distribution on the symmetry plane are 114238.6 and 297583.9, respectively—the lowest among the four groups—and the domain-averaged turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decreases by approximately 12.1 %. Building on this, the optimized spool–seat combination achieves a maximum TKE reduction of about 38.8 %, while the peak Mach number at the throat increases by roughly 4.26 %. The maximum relative discrepancy between experiments and CFD is around 4.43 %. After optimization, the linearity of the displacement–mass flow rate relationship reaches 99.734 %, with a sum of squared errors (SSE) of 0.00292. These findings substantiate the effectiveness and high-precision characteristics of the proposed structure and optimization methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization-driven enhancement of mass transfer and mixing performance in microchannel reactors","authors":"Shiqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiashuo Tan ,&nbsp;Haodong Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Yuan ,&nbsp;Ting Zeng ,&nbsp;Tengfei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient mixing is crucial for process intensification in microchannel reactors, yet it remains notoriously difficult to achieve under laminar flow conditions, where mixing relies solely on slow molecular diffusion. While passive micromixers offer a practical solution, their empirical designs are fundamentally limited by predefined geometries. To overcome this limitation, we present a topology optimization-based framework that automatically generates optimal flow paths by coupling the Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations. The optimization objective was to maximize the mixing quality factor (MQ) under a specified pressure drop constraint (ΔP). The resulting native 3D topology-optimized mixer achieves a near-perfect mixing quality of 99.824 % at ΔP = 30 Pa—a performance nearly five times greater than a conventional baffle-type mixer (17 % MQ). Furthermore, the 3D-reconstructed model from 2D optimization yields a four-fold improvement (68.251 % MQ), demonstrating a computationally efficient pathway to significant performance gains. This work establishes a novel collaborative 2D/3D design strategy that moves beyond trial-and-error paradigms, providing a systematic foundation for the design of next-generation micromixers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 70 MPa two-stage series high-pressure reducing valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles","authors":"Ruiyao Tao ,&nbsp;Yaobao Yin ,&nbsp;Huiyun Xu ,&nbsp;Li Hu ,&nbsp;Naiping Gao ,&nbsp;Pengfei He","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two-stage series high-pressure reducing valve (TSHPRV) is regarded as a key component for ensuring the stable operation of 70 MPa hydrogen supply systems in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Under extreme pressure-drop gradients and complex multistage coupled flows, conventional analyses based on the ideal-gas assumption become inadequate. A nonlinear dynamic model of the TSHPRV is established by incorporating a real-gas equation of state together with mass and energy conservation, allowing the dominant pressure drop across the first-stage orifice and the precise regulation by the second stage to be accurately represented. It is shown that the outlet pressure can be maintained within ±0.02 MPa over wide ranges of inlet pressure (70-5 MPa) and load variation (0–2.6 g/s). The first-stage orifice flow is observed to transition from subsonic to supersonic with changing operating conditions. The dynamic regulation process is divided into three stages, during which the co-regulation stage reveals dynamic coupling between the two spools and the inherent adaptive mechanism. Parametric analysis indicates that the intermediate chamber volume and spring stiffness considerably affect the dynamic characteristics, while inlet-pressure variations induce adaptive adjustments of the orifice openings and consequently influence internal flow and energy dissipation. Experimental results confirm that the deviation between predicted and measured values remains within 3.2%, demonstrating the accuracy of the model and providing theoretical guidance for analyzing the regulation mechanism of 70 MPa TSHPRVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RivP-RAFT: A patch-based RAFT model for efficient river surface velocity estimation using images","authors":"Pouria Moradi ,&nbsp;Neda Faraji ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Hashemi ,&nbsp;Javad Ataei","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring river velocity and discharge is crucial for effective water resource management and flood prediction, among which image-based velocimetry techniques stand out for their cost-effectiveness and non-invasive nature. However, image-based methods using deep optical flow neural networks encounter two main challenges. The first challenge is the need for datasets containing flow labels to effectively train the networks, which is not easily obtainable in riverine areas. The second challenge pertains to the need for powerful computational resources, as these networks achieve optical flow estimations at the pixel-level, rendering them unsuitable for real-time flood warning systems. In this paper, we introduce a new framework for measuring river velocity, built on the original architecture of the Recurrent All-pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) network. Our approach improves the performance of the pre-trained RAFT by utilizing a fine-tuning method that incorporates the RealFlow technique for generating labeled data from rivers, followed by well-designed post-processing steps aimed at removing outliers of velocity estimates. We also present an innovative patch-based training framework designed to improve the patch-based RAFT network’s (P-RAFT) efficacy by employing fine-tuning strategy. The fine-tuned patch-based RAFT (RivP-RAFT) provides rapid and accurate river discharge estimation at designated cross-sections of the river, crucial for flood warning applications. On Colorado’s Blue River, it achieved 26.8 m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>/s with a relative error 1.5%, significantly outperforming PIV (18.5%), STIV (9.9%), OTV (8.1%), and dense RAFT (12.2%). Moreover, RivP-RAFT operates at 0.39 frames per second, offering a substantial computational advantage over dense RAFT’s 0.03 frames per second.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure analysis and signal processing models for internal leakage in valves based on numerical simulation and multi-source information fusion","authors":"Lintao Wang ,&nbsp;Xinkai Ding ,&nbsp;Meng Gao ,&nbsp;Libo Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at engineering challenges such as unclear mechanisms of valve internal leakage failures and insufficient detection accuracy of single sensors, this study proposes a valve internal leakage diagnosis method based on numerical simulation and multi-sensor information fusion. First, through large eddy simulation and flow noise theory, the influence patterns of leakage gap and pressure difference on the characteristics of the leakage flow field and acoustic field were systematically clarified, establishing a quantitative mapping relationship between leakage parameters and acoustic features. On this basis, an intelligent diagnostic model integrating dual-channel acoustic emission signals and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network was constructed, with the variational mode decomposition algorithm employed to optimize signal quality. Experiments demonstrate that this model achieves high prediction accuracy in leakage fault identification, showing significant improvement over single-sensor methods. This approach provides a reliable technical means for industrial valve condition monitoring and early fault warning, with clear prospects for engineering application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design optimization of turbine flow meter in ice maker water supply to improve flow measurement performance","authors":"Haechan Kim ,&nbsp;Cheolung Cheong ,&nbsp;Seo-Yoon Ryu ,&nbsp;Su Il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to improve the flow measurement performance of a turbine flow meter used in a refrigerator ice maker, especially under low-pressure conditions, where nonlinear characteristics lead to diminished measurement accuracy. Accordingly, we associate defects in spherical-ice quality with metering errors caused by the low-pressure K-factor nonlinearity of the tangential-type turbine flow meter. To this end, an experimental calibration system for the flow meter was designed and constructed, and the reliability of its experimental data was verified using the flow calibration apparatus provided by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). Based on this experimental system, a response surface for finding the optimal impeller design of the turbine flow meter was developed using the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology. To minimize the nonlinear region of the K-factor under low-pressure conditions and the standard deviation of the K-factor under high-pressure conditions, the transition location between the nonlinear and linear regions of the K-factor and its standard error in the linear region were set as the objective functions for the optimal design process. The improvement in performance of the optimized impeller design was experimentally verified by evaluating water supply prediction errors and these objective functions. For quantitative and qualitative analyses of the improvement factors, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulations were conducted by employing 6-degree of freedom (6-DOF) and dynamic mesh deformation techniques. The numerical model was validated through quantitative comparison with measured data, while flow visualization was used to assess qualitative similarity of flow features. The detailed analysis based on the numerical results revealed the physical mechanism causing the observed improvements in terms of torque variation and fluid flow energy driving the rotation of the turbine impeller. The proposed experimental framework, complemented by numerical analysis, is applicable to other turbine meter designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid flow inference model for proportional control valves on edge controllers","authors":"Shuai Huang ,&nbsp;Hua Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow inferential measurement is a key technology for achieving flow control with proportional control valves (PCVs). Although flow-inference models are typically deployed on industry computers, achieving both high-precision inference and real-time performance on edge controllers remains challenging due to their constrained storage and computational resources. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel hybrid architecture that integrates an attention-equipped deep neural network (DNN) with a gated recurrent unit (GRU), an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF), and a constrained tree-structured Parzen estimator (CTPE). The DNN-GRU captures complex spatiotemporal sequence correlations by using parallel DNN subnetworks for adaptive time-step weighting and feature extraction whose outputs are fused with a GRU to model longer-range dynamics. An AKF is applied to suppress measurement noise while preserving the signal's dynamic characteristics. A CTPE optimizer searches for hyperparameter combinations under storage and real-time constraints to produce resource-feasible configurations for edge controllers. The results show that the proposed model outperforms four baseline methods on a test set covering four normal operating conditions, achieving a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.757 (a reduction of 22.0 %–91.1 % versus the four baseline methods) and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.622 (a reduction of 15.7 %–75.8 % versus the four baseline methods). After deployment, the model occupies 318.39 KB of flash memory and has an inference time of 16.01 ms on the STM32H743. The MAE computed between the edge controller and industry computer inference outputs is 0.5 ‰, indicating negligible practical degradation after deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-channel FPGA-based time measurement circuit with measurement for high-accuracy ultrasonic gas flow metering","authors":"Jiayi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuezhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately measuring the minimum flow rate in small-diameter ultrasonic gas meters poses a significant challenge, as it requires extremely high time-of-flight (ToF) measurement resolution to keep the metrological error below 0.5%. Conventional solutions based on dedicated application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), such as the TDC-GP22 or TDC1000, struggle to meet this stringent requirement simultaneously for resolution, linearity, and environmental stability. To address this limitation, this paper proposes applying a high-precision digital converter (TDC) implemented on an FPGA to time-of-flight measurements in ultrasonic flow meters. A dual-channel, high-precision TDC based on an Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA was designed using the time-of-flight method. The proposed architecture leverages a segmented measurement approach that combines coarse counting with fine-grained carry-chain interpolation, explicitly designed for parallel upstream and downstream ToF capture in ultrasonic flow meters. The key innovation lies in a parallel dual-channel measurement scheme coupled with a dynamic calibration mechanism based on realtime histogram statistics and lookup table (LUT) compensation, effectively mitigating nonlinearities induced by process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. Experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 11.086 ps and excellent linearity, with differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) within [−0.92, 2.56] LSB and [−4.26, 4.28] LSB, respectively. This performance not only satisfies but exceeds the 0.5% error requirement at the minimum flow point, representing a resolution improvement of 79.88% and 49.69% over the TDC1000 and TDC-GP22, respectively. The study provides a flexible, high-performance, and cost-effective alternative to commercial ASIC-TDCs for high-accuracy ultrasonic gas flow metering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}