Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of inlet gas volume fraction on vibration damping and noise reduction characteristics of marine pump","authors":"Liangliang Wu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Shen ,&nbsp;Qijiang Ma ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Houlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the effects of inlet gas volume fraction (<em>C</em>=0.0 %–0.75 %) on vibration damping and noise reduction in a marine centrifugal pump. Tests were conducted at three flow rates (0.8<em>Q</em>_d, 1.0<em>Q</em>_d, and 1.3<em>Q</em>_d), with measurements of external characteristics, outlet pressure pulsation, vibration, and outlet noise. Results show that when the inlet gas volume fraction is below 1 %, the pump head decreases by less than 0.20 %, and the efficiency reduction is less than 0.22 %, indicating minimal performance loss. An optimal inlet gas volume fraction of 0.50 % under 0.8<em>Q</em>_d and 1.0<em>Q</em>_d, and 0.75 % under 1.3<em>Q</em>_d, yields maximum vibration damping. Specifically, the overall vibration velocity level at the pump's base foot (M3) decreases by 0.26 dB, 0.33 dB, and 1.63 dB under the three flow rates, respectively. At the first axial passing frequency (1<em>f</em>_<em>APF</em>), the vibration velocity level decreases by up to 4.60 dB, 1.87 dB, and 0.98 dB, while at the first blade passing frequency (1<em>f</em>_<em>BPF</em>), it decreases by 3.13 dB, 2.53 dB, and 10.92 dB, respectively. In terms of noise, the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) at the outlet is reduced by up to 2.76 dB (under 1.3<em>Q</em>_d). Coherence analyses confirm that uniform gas distribution in the impeller flow passages weakens rotor-stator interaction, thereby reducing both vibration and noise, particularly at low characteristic frequencies. These findings provide a practical basis for improving the stability and acoustic performance of marine centrifugal pumps through controlled inlet gas injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple simultaneous and partially co-located annular flow film measurement with total internal reflection method, X-Ray attenuation and conductivity film sensor","authors":"M. Grasso,&nbsp;V. Petrov,&nbsp;A. Manera","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental characterization of thin liquid films in annular flow regime is central in many engineering applications, ranging from chemical industry to refrigeration systems, and in particular to cooling and safety thermal analysis of nuclear boiling water reactors and for validation of system codes as well as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. However, characterization of thin films in annular flow is absolutely not trivial, given the flow turbulence and the high non-linearity of the free-surface behaviour. Particularly, film thickness and wave characteristics are very challenging to be measured, with many correlations from the literature showing substantial offsets in predicting the same quantities under seemingly close boundary conditions. In this paper, results of a simultaneous measurement of vertical upward annular flow film in an adiabatic test section is presented using three different techniques. These consist in: a) total internal reflection method (TIRM), providing highly resolved local thickness measurements; b) X-Ray attenuation method, providing interfacial topology and void fraction that can be converted into film thickness information; and c) a conductivity film sensor providing high speed measurements of film thickness and wave information with a spatial resolution of 2 mm. By performing independent calibrations, the three techniques are cross-validated within the corresponding uncertainties. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the three measurement techniques for film thickness are combined, thus constituting a unique benchmark. The three techniques complement each other and provide highly reliable measurements of annular flows, which are also compared to existing correlations available in the open literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can measurement of injector control signal and piezoelectric injector parameters improve real-time fuel consumption monitoring","authors":"Jirawat Boonjun ,&nbsp;Xavier Balandraud ,&nbsp;Thawan Sucharitakul ,&nbsp;Pruk Aggarangsi ,&nbsp;Anucha Promwungkwa ,&nbsp;Niti Kammuang-lue","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a new technique for measuring fuel consumption of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engines accounting for Piezoelectric Fuel Injector (PFI) parameters: engine speed <em>Ne</em>, duty-time <em>td</em>, differential pressure <em>Pd</em> and fuel temperature <em>Tf</em>. The objectives were to experimentally investigate the impact of these PFI parameters on the Fuel Injection Rate (FIR), to establish a relationship between PFI parameters and FIR, and finally to design, build and validate a real-time fuel consumption measurement device on vehicle. First, laboratory experiments evidenced discrepancy between actual FIR and the ideal FIR derived from fluid flow principles. This is due to inertia force increase within the PFI (causing the <em>Act.FIR</em> to exceed the <em>Ideal.FIR</em> by 2.17 %), cavitation (leading to a 30.48 % decrease in <em>Act.FIR</em> compared to <em>Ideal.FIR</em>), decrease in volumetric efficiency of the high-pressure pump (resulting in a 4.49 % lower <em>Act.FIR</em>), as well as variations in fuel density. A model was proposed to calculate FIR from <em>Ne</em>, <em>td</em>, <em>Pd</em> and <em>Tf</em>, achieving a R-squared value of higher than 0.98. Finally, a real-time measurement system was designed and validated through vehicle tests, showing a measurement error of about 2 % between the predicted and measured total fuel consumptions. This study bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical application, offering a precise real-time solution for fuel consumption monitoring for eco-driving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of pressure drop in two-phase flow using fully connected neural networks: A short communication","authors":"Montadhar Guesmi ,&nbsp;Souman Kumar Pani ,&nbsp;Cherif Othmani ,&nbsp;Johannes Manthey ,&nbsp;Simon Unz ,&nbsp;Michael Beckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that the pressure drop estimation is crucial for optimizing flow systems in various industrial applications. Although several available conventional models, such as the semi-empirical model, have been used for estimating pressure drop for a two-phase flow, it is challenging to achieve accurate results owing to the complexity of two-phase flow. In the present work, we are considering the problem of predicting pressure drop in two-phase flow in pipes using fully connected neural networks (FCNNs). Motivated by experimental data published in the literature, the FCNN model has been trained and then the results have been predicted. It is worth noting that the used experimental dataset was collected for a horizontal flow loop with a length of 9.15 m and diameter of 0.0254m, conveying a two-phase flow system. A critical comparison between the performance of the present FCNN model and mechanistic model is discussed, where results demonstrate how the present model is pre-eminent to handle the estimation of pressure drop in two-phase flow over the mechanistic models. However, results show that the FCNN model accuracy is estimated at 76 %, where the model is superior for the high pressure drop case over the low pressure drop case. The present FCNN model might be applicable to similar systems, without the need for further experimental measurements. By online uploading out the Python FCNN codes, we hope to fast-track the readers in applying FCNN algorithm to their own problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low temperature performance testing and surface temperature prediction method for electro-hydraulic valves","authors":"Pengcheng Li,&nbsp;Bin Fang,&nbsp;Shihong Hu,&nbsp;Zhibing Liu,&nbsp;Gang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-hydraulic valves are essential components in marine industrial applications, and their reliable performance under low temperature conditions is crucial, especially expand to colder environments and climate change brings more extreme weather changes. This paper conducts comprehensive low-temperature performance tests on marine electro-hydraulic remote control valve devices, including room temperature tests, low-temperature storage tests at −20, −40, −50, −60 °C, low-temperature performance tests at −10, −30, −40, −50 °C, internal and external icing tests, and de-icing verification tests. Based on the experimental data, a prediction method for valve surface temperature and low-temperature failure is proposed. The results indicate that low temperature can have an impact on the working performance of electro-hydraulic valves and cause failure of airtightness and switch function. The proposed data-driven prediction method has high accuracy and can meet practical engineering needs. This paper establishes effective low-temperature performance testing and prediction methods to ensure the winterization ability of polar ships in extreme low-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and verification of rotor pump efficiency and flow on calculus methods","authors":"Yulong Lei ,&nbsp;Wenzhao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Maohan Xue ,&nbsp;Yao Fu ,&nbsp;Shaohua Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical element in transmission lubrication and hydraulic control systems, the rotor oil pump plays a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of lubrication and control in automatic transmissions, thereby influencing their overall lifespan. To optimize energy utilization and reduce system energy losses, it is essential to explore the key factors affecting the efficiency of rotor pumps and enhance their operational performance. Traditional studies on rotor pumps typically emphasize performance indicators such as flow rate and output torque, often relying on finite element simulations. However, while finite element methods provide useful insights into flow and torque characteristics, they are limited by long computational durations and high sensitivity to boundary condition assumptions, which are frequently subjective. Consequently, they offer limited accuracy in evaluating critical parameters like volumetric and mechanical efficiency. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a lumped parameter model derived from a detailed analysis of the volume variation within a single pump cavity. The model incorporates the deformation characteristics of the leakage area and achieves a balance between modeling simplicity, computational efficiency, and predictive accuracy. The leakage zone between high- and low-pressure regions—characterized by non-uniform thickness—is found to significantly affect pump efficiency, necessitating quantitative evaluation of its impact.</div><div>In this research, the rotor pump serves as the primary object of investigation. A volume cavity model is formulated using the lumped parameter approach, taking into account the deformation of the leakage zone. Based on precise modeling of the volume change, separate models for volumetric and mechanical losses are constructed. Analysis reveals that the clearance between the cover plate and the rotors contributes significantly to drag torque, thereby influencing mechanical efficiency. Experimental testing is conducted to validate the model, with the results used to examine changes in outlet flow, input torque, and various efficiency metrics, including volumetric, mechanical, and total efficiency. The experimental outcomes verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the lumped parameter model in assessing rotor pump performance. Findings indicate that with increasing outlet pressure, hydraulic force and axial preload tend to balance, leading to reduced friction torque and an initial rise in mechanical efficiency. However, higher temperatures reduce oil viscosity, adversely affecting volumetric efficiency. These results imply that maintaining effective thermal management in rotor pump systems is critical for achieving enhanced overall efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer analysis and experimental verification in flexible MEMS thermal films","authors":"Jinjin Wang ,&nbsp;Limin Xiao ,&nbsp;Kai Jiang ,&nbsp;Guangchao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenjiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides the convective heat transfer on the surface by a fluid, a considerable portion of the heat in a thermal film is lost to the sensor substrate and measured wall via heat conduction. Heat loss negatively impacts the frequency response and sensitivity of thermal films. To maximise the frequency response and sensitivity, the substrate material must be prioritised according to the frequency response criteria for screening. The effects of wind speed on the frequency response and of substrate thickness on sensitivity were investigated. First, a heat-transfer model was established, mathematical calculations were conducted, and materials with superior comprehensive performance were chosen as flexible substrates. Subsequently, FLUENT was used for three-dimensional simulations of the thermal film heat transfer. The results confirm the appropriate selection of the substrate in terms of heat transfer distribution. The effect of substrate thickness on the thermal film heat transfer was studied. Finally, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to verify the effect of wind speed on the response time and that of substrate thickness on sensitivity. Through mathematical calculations, simulations, and experiments, it was confirmed that wind speed has a positive effect on the frequency response, the substrate with lower thermal-conductivity and diffusivity is the optimal choice, and the substrate thickness has a positive effect on sensitivity. To measure fluid parameters such as the shear stress using the flexible MEMS thermal film, a thicker substrate was chosen as much as possible until it interfered with the fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation-based flow field analysis and structural optimization of the spool in an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve","authors":"Sen Chen ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Li ,&nbsp;Qingguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shipeng Shangguan ,&nbsp;Lanzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.102999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the operation of electro-hydraulic proportional direction valve, the pressure and speed at the valve port will change due to the change of flow area, and the hydraulic oil flow phenomenon is complicated, with large pressure drop and turbulent kinetic energy resulting in large energy loss. In order to restrain the generation and influence of the vortex at the concave corner of the spool, reduce the turbulent kinetic energy, and reduce the energy loss of the proportional direction valve, this paper adds the structure of upper and lower arc and bevel at the spool shoulder, concave angle and the inlet and outlet flow channel to reduce the turbulent kinetic energy and reduce the generation of air pockets and vortices. Firstly, the three-dimensional model was established with UG, and then CFD numerical analysis was carried out with Ansys. The flow field characteristics were analyzed by comparing the simulation results. Secondly, the main parameters of the spool were optimized and analyzed by response surface method to obtain the optimal structural parameters. The results show that the optimized spool can effectively optimize the oil flow condition in the flow channel. Compared with the original spool, the optimized spool can reduce the lowest by 16.5 % and the highest by 38.7 % under the same conditions, effectively reduce the turbulent kinetic energy, inhibit the generation and development of vorticity, and prolong the service life of the spool. Finally, the accuracy of the spool of the spool valve was verified through experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of static pressure measurement errors from wall taps on cryogenic supercritical helium flow measurement in Venturi flowmeters","authors":"Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Xuheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the influence of static pressure measurement errors from wall taps on the performance of supercritical helium Venturi flowmeters, integrating cryogenic experimental characterization and CFD simulations. Results show that the non-dimensional static pressure error <span><math><mrow><mi>Π</mi></mrow></math></span> increases significantly with tap Reynolds number and diameter ratio. This error leads to systematic underestimation of the measured differential pressure and subsequent overestimation of the discharge coefficient. The throat region, characterized by extremely high wall shear stress, exhibits an order-of-magnitude higher static pressure error than upstream taps, emerging as the primary source of differential pressure deviation. Due to the low viscosity of supercritical helium, these errors are significantly smaller than those in water or air. Reducing the throat tap diameter effectively minimizes discharge coefficient bias, whereas variations in upstream tap diameter have negligible impact. This study provides theoretical and experimental foundations for discharge coefficient correction in cryogenic Venturi flowmeters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse reconstruction of ECT based on L1 regularization and nuclear regularization with the split Bregman iteration","authors":"Xianglong Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Huilin Feng ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), which is a versatile tomography technique for imaging the permittivity distribution based on the capacitance measurements. Image reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography is ill-posed and ill-conditioned, which makes the solutions not unique and sensitive to measurement disturbance. In this study, a multi-feature objective functional that combines <em>L</em>₂-norm as data fidelity term, <em>L</em>₁ regularization and nuclear regularization as regularizers is proposed to improve the imaging quality. The proposed method emphasizes the sparsity and low-rank characteristics of the imaging object and transforms the image reconstruction task into an optimization problem. The Split Bregman algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the proposed objective functional by decomposing the complex optimization problems into several simple iterative sub-tasks. Numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, a flexible modular 8-electrode ring-shaped ECT system is constructed to further test the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}