Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Design of pneumatic powder transfer (conveying) system using air-ejector and vacuum unit for energy management","authors":"D. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;T.S. Krishna ,&nbsp;M. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;V. Naveen Sahith ,&nbsp;J. Aravind Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonium Diuranate (ADU) powder is a compound that requires effective energy management in the process of nuclear fuel fabrication because it is toxic, radioactive, and agglutinates easily. The present paper forms a pneumatic conveying system of ADU powder with two methods of vacuum generation: a blower and an air-ejector. A surrogate material (silica sand) was subjected to experiments both in fluidized and non-fluidized environment to determine salting velocity, pressure gradient and conveying performance. The findings demonstrate that the air-ejector works with a much low salting velocity and pressure drop than the blower, meaning that the particles are less degraded and the pipeline is less eroded. Cost comparison with 10 years further shows that air-ejector system has significant savings in terms of operation as compared to blower based pneumatic conveying and mechanical transfer. The originality of this work is that it has formed a comparative framework of the performance of the ADU powder transportation, as well as given an insight into the efficiency of the operations, the system design parameters, and process safety of the advanced nuclear fuel cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-line river surface velocity measurement using GCPs-free UAV","authors":"Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Jinli Feng,&nbsp;Boyuan Liu,&nbsp;Juncheng Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate river surface velocity measurement is crucial for effective water resource management. Traditional image-based velocimetry using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for wide rivers (&gt;100 m) is often constrained by a fundamental trade-off between cross-sectional coverage and image resolution. Standard approaches that increase flight altitude to capture the entire river width in a single frame result in a low Ground Sampling Distance (GSD), rendering the small-scale (centimeter-level) natural tracers, which are often the only ones available, undetectable. To address this critical limitation, this study presents a novel online measurement system that employs a multi-point, low-altitude hovering operational mode: 1)We integrated a gimbal-stabilized camera and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning module with an open-source flight controller, enabling real-time sensor positioning and orientation. The ground station synchronizes RTSP video streams and MAVLink telemetry via first-frame alignment. 2)A multi-point hovering operational mode, optimized through flight parameter constraints, ensures tracer visibility and maximizes cross-sectional coverage. 3)Motion compensation using RTK coordinates enhances spatiotemporal image feature detection accuracy under UAV drift. 4)To address weak textures in nadir-view imagery, we improved the frequency-domain Spatiotemporal Image Velocimetry (FFT-STIV) method by incorporating directional filters for texture enhancement and implementing velocity validity identification/correction. Field experiments during flood season on Nanjing's Qinhuai River (about 200 m width) validated thesystem. Results demonstrate a surface velocity measurement relative error below 8.56 %, with the overall velocity distribution aligning well with expected flow characteristics. This research confirms that the multi-point hovering approach is a necessary and effective solution for real-time, contactless velocity monitoring of wide rivers where high-altitude methods are inapplicable due to tracer visibility constraints, offering significant potential for flood emergency response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative CFD study on flow behavior and performance enhancement of grooved NACA 0012 and NACA 4415 airfoils","authors":"Rubiat Mustak,&nbsp;Mohammad Mashud","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comparative assessment of groove-induced passive flow control on symmetric and cambered NACA airfoils using boundary layer based groove placement. The influence of rectangular surface grooves on aerodynamic performance is numerically investigated. Surface groove that delays the flow separation of airfoils, creating recirculating vortices. These vortices, by exchanging momentum between the high-speed outer region and slowing down near wall region, re-energize the boundary layer. To alter the performance of symmetric NACA 0012 and cambered NACA 4415 airfoils, rectangular surface grooves were placed at the mid-chord length of the respective airfoils. Two-dimensional steady simulations of turbulent flow are carried out at a Reynolds number of Re = 2.88 × 10⁵ using the finite volume method in ANSYS Fluent (Version 2024 R1). Turbulence effects are modeled using the SST <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> model. A structured C-type computational domain is employed, and the numerical results are validated with existing experimental data. Flow behavior was analyzed using contours, streamlines, and velocity vectors. The results show that, the cambered NACA 4415 airfoil gains more benefit from the rectangular groove than the symmetric NACA 0012 airfoil. The modified NACA 4415 airfoil exhibits a larger stall delay (2° vs. 1°) and greater lift enhancement (+14.20 % at 18° AOA vs. +10.70 % at 16° AOA). It also achieves higher aerodynamic efficiency (+12.40 % at 8° AOA vs. 10.38 % at 6° AOA) with greater drag reduction (−15.48 % vs. −9.73 %). In addition, the NACA 4415 airfoil attains a higher maximum lift-to-drag ratio (49.90) compared to the NACA 0012 airfoil (43.23).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on noise characteristics of high-parameter string multi-stage control valve","authors":"Zhansong Xu ,&nbsp;Haozhe Jin ,&nbsp;Haotian Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The noise characteristics of high-parameter control valves are an important research direction of industrial automation, and in petrochemical, energy and other industries, their noise affects the stability, life and operating environment of equipment. In this paper, the noise characteristics of high-parameter cascade multistage control valves are discussed, the noise generation mechanism, influencing factors and numerical simulation methods are analyzed, and the cavitation noise characteristics are studied by controlling the cavitation number variables under different openings, so as to provide support for noise reduction and optimal design. The results show that the sound pressure level of cavitation noise increases first and then decreases with the increase of opening, reaching 139 dB at 65 % opening and cavitation number at 1, and the noise mainly comes from the sudden change of multi-stage throttling structure and outlet of the cascade spool. At cavitation numbers 1 and 1.2, cavitation bubble collapse intensity is the highest and noise is the highest. The near-field sound pressure level of flow-induced noise is the largest, reaching 192 dB at 65 % opening, showing the broadband characteristics dominated by medium and high frequencies, and the noise decreases and directivity disappears with the increase of the radial distance of the monitoring point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of arc cutting of impeller back cover on particle characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump","authors":"Wei Pu ,&nbsp;Leilei Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance particle flow within the pump, this study employed CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamics - Discrete Element Method) to investigate the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of a centrifugal pump. It began by examining the changes in the external characteristics of the impeller before and after cutting the back cover. The analysis then focused on the distribution of particles within the pump. The study revealed that the introduction of solid particles significantly degraded the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump, with head and efficiency dropping by 12.76 % and 27.22 %, respectively, under design conditions. However, after the impeller was cut, hydraulic performance showed improvement, characterized by increased particle velocity and enhanced flow capability. Cutting the back cover reduced collisions of particles with the impeller's back cover wall, blade pressure surface, and the outer wall of the volute. The primary force acting on particles shifted from pressure gradient force to normal force following the cut. After the modification, both translational and rotational kinetic energies of the particles increased, although rotational kinetic energy decreased with the rise in pressure gradient force. A positive correlation was observed between translational kinetic energy and pressure gradient force, while the total positional potential energy of the particles decreased after cutting the impeller's back cover. The research results provide reference for further improving the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of centrifugal pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the runner water film hydraulic instability and structural crack on the Pelton turbine runner","authors":"Hong Hua ,&nbsp;Chenzhuo Ning ,&nbsp;Lihao Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Tingyi Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelton turbines are widely recognized as a primary form of high-head hydraulic machinery crucial for sustainable energy production. This research aims to investigate the influence of water film characteristics on the hydraulic performance and structural integrity of Pelton turbines through numerical simulation. The accuracy of the numerical simulation method was initially validated through experimental verification. Subsequently, the flow pattern of the water film during bucket rotation was examined, and the effects of parameters such as coverage area and thickness of the water film on bucket torque were analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationship between the shape of the water film, the velocity of the jet and the direction of the flow in the bucket and the pressure pulsation of the key nodes on the surface of the bucket was established. Ultimately, the results of unsteady flow were loaded onto the solid surface of the runner to explore the water film and solid interaction through fluid-structure coupling, which is revealed that the most prone to crack and break part of the bucket is the top of the bucket, providing valuable basis for the design and maintenance of Pelton turbine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural optimization study of portable triangular central baffle flume based on backpropagation neural network and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II","authors":"Fuyou Wang ,&nbsp;Hongfei Tao ,&nbsp;Xingchen Guo ,&nbsp;Yumin Yang ,&nbsp;Mahemujiang Aihemaiti ,&nbsp;Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Youwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Jin ,&nbsp;Junbo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of water discharge in open channels is essential for advancing water-saving agriculture. Investigating the hydraulic performance of flow measurement devices and optimising their structure can significantly enhance water resource utilisation efficiency in irrigation districts. The portable triangular central baffle flume (TCBF), characterized by its simple design and ease of promotion is a practical solution for open-channel flow measurement. However, the optimal structural parameters for its operation and the significance order of factors influencing its hydraulic performance remain underexplored. This study selected head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number as evaluation criteria. A comprehensive physical experiment was conducted with six flow rates (0.031–0.093 m³/s), four guide wall entrance angles (45°–90°), and three shrinkage ratios (0.375–0.625). The experimental data were analysed using range and variance analyses. Prediction models for head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number were developed using both Buckingham's π-theorem of quantitative analysis and backpropagation (BP) neural network methods. The optimal structural parameters for TCBF were determined by integrating the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) with the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The results reveal that the significance order of factors affecting head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number is consistent: shrinkage ratio &gt; flow rate &gt; guide wall entrance angle. Compared to Buckingham's π-theorem of quantitative analysis, the BP neural network-based prediction models demonstrated superior performance for the three evaluation criteria, with higher coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>), lower root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>), and reduced mean relative error (<em>MRE</em>). Within the experimental scope, the optimal structural parameters for TCBF were identified as a shrinkage ratio of 0.55 and a guide wall entrance angle of 60°. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting flowmeter performance and optimising its structure, contributing significantly to the advancement of water-saving agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient film characteristic of valve plate friction pair and failure mechanism in high water-based motor","authors":"Yongkang Li,&nbsp;Guangyao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous problems lead to high water-based motor being seriously damaged, mainly manifested as moving pairs rusting due to internal leakage and rotor cavitation in the valve plate pair. To quantitatively predict its leakage rate and explore the failure mechanism, the formula for contact area and transient model of the valve plate pair were derived, and the dynamic coupling method between the flow simulation and the valve plate movement was proposed. In addition, a dynamic film testing system was established to verify effectiveness. The results show that the periodic intersection and separation of different holes contribute to fluctuation in the high-pressure area and hydraulic separation force, which act as the primary factors in the film fluctuates within the range of 8.8–10.2 μm, this is the primary cause of the evident internal leakage. The instantaneous velocity can reach 51.2 m/s when the holes begin to connect, which is the direct cause of rotor cavitation. The trends in simulation are consistent with the experiment results, and their deviation is less than 8.5 %. The inlet pressure and liquid style have significant effects on the gap and leakage of the valve plate pair, but the influence of rotational speed is not obvious. The motor with a valve plate structure will inevitably leak, especially when inlet pressure changes caused by the load. Only by innovating the valve plate structure can prevent the problem of premature failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torque fluctuation and transmission efficiency analysis of key transmission parts of curve-face gear plunger pump","authors":"Fuqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Xudong Yang ,&nbsp;Changbin Dong,&nbsp;Ru Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the lack of quantitative understanding of torque fluctuation and transmission efficiency in the key transmission components of curve-face gear (CFG) plunger pump, this paper investigates the CFG composite mechanism that replaces the traditional swash plate mechanism and innovatively proposes a unified analysis framework combining torque fluctuation modelling with transmission efficiency evaluation. A torque fluctuation model of the CFG composite mechanism is established based on the spatial pitch curve, and the variation laws of angular acceleration and input torque under different structural and operating parameters are analyzed. A three-dimensional finite element contact model with an equivalent axial spring is constructed to obtain the actual torque fluctuation of the CFG, and the instantaneous and average transmission efficiency and their sensitivity to main parameters are evaluated. The results show that the tooth number, modulus and pitch-curve extreme value of the driving gear are inversely related to the amplitude of angular-acceleration fluctuation, while the order of the CFG affects both the period and amplitude of the fluctuation. The torques of both gears fluctuate periodically, and the torque fluctuation amplitude increases with the tooth number and modulus of the driving gear, the pitch-curve extreme value and the CFG order. The transmission efficiency over one meshing cycle presents obvious periodic variations, and the efficiency at the wave crest is significantly lower than that at the wave trough. Under the reference condition, the average transmission efficiency is about 83.25 %, and it increases with load torque but decreases with input speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the influence of mud viscosity variation on flow loss in a multistage axial lifting pump based on the entropy production method","authors":"Yan Gong ,&nbsp;Pan Xiang ,&nbsp;Wen Zeng ,&nbsp;Bohan Hu ,&nbsp;Yingjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In drilling operations, the lifting pump plays a crucial role in circulating drilling fluid containing cuttings. This study focuses on analyzing hydraulic losses in the ultra-small-diameter multistage axial flow pump cascade, employing entropy production theory to conduct an in-depth investigation of the axial-flow pump impeller and guide vane cascade. During the research, a three-stage cross-blade numerical computational model for axial flow pumps was developed. Utilizing CFD methods, the flow field characteristics within the cascade under design flow conditions for multi-viscosity drilling fluids are simulated. By introducing entropy production theory, this paper systematically calculates and analyzes various types of entropy production rates and entropy output values, thereby revealing the root causes of hydraulic losses at the level of fluid mechanics mechanisms. Under design conditions, the entropy output of the guide vane cascade is generally higher than that of the impeller cascade, indicating that hydraulic losses in the guide vane region are more significant. Further analysis reveals that viscosity adjustment has a more pronounced effect on time-averaged entropy production. The high entropy production regions of the impeller are primarily concentrated near the suction side, while those of the guide vanes are mainly located near the pressure side.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}