Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Void fraction measurement of slug flow using electromagnetic wave phase sensor based on optimized hybrid dielectric constant","authors":"Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Chen ,&nbsp;Tianzhuang Ma ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Yajing Song ,&nbsp;Yujiao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The void fraction is one of the basic parameters to study the gas-liquid two-phase flow, which has great significance to the transportation of oil pipelines and the design of nuclear reactor cooling towers. However, due to the complex and variable nature of gas-liquid two-phase flow, accurately measurement of the void fraction has remained a challenging task in both scientific research and industrial applications. According to the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation, a coaxial line phase sensor was designed, a hybrid dielectric constant model based on the homogeneous flow was established and a void fraction based on hybrid dielectric constant model was proposed. The experiments were carried out on the high-precision gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation experimental setup at Hebei University, China (70 data points), and the void fraction model was inspected and verified. Five typical hybrid dielectric constant correlations were compared. Introducing the frequency weight, optimizing the hybrid dielectric constant model based on the Series – Parallel correlation, a new void fraction prediction correlation of slug flow was proposed and evaluated. The results indicated that the mean absolute percentage error (<em>MAPE</em>) of the new void fraction correlation is 1.02 % and the all of the relative errors are within ±5 % error band.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical constraint flow field reconstruction method for immersion scan-step flow","authors":"Binpeng Zhan,&nbsp;Jialu Li,&nbsp;Weiting Liu,&nbsp;Liang Hu,&nbsp;Xin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lithography immersion flow field is highly sensitive to minor variations due to the precision demands of lithography. The scanning flow induces pressure fluctuations on the lens surface, subsequently impacting the quality of exposure. Previous measurement methods have encountered sparse distribution measurements on the lens surface due to limitations in sensor size and flow field dimensions. In this manuscript, the authors propose a modal fusion flow field reconstruction method, effectively integrating sensor-based experimental methods and equation-based computational methods. This method achieves high-resolution measurements of stress distribution and velocity distribution. Initially, a simulation of the flow field under operational conditions is conducted to acquire a dataset, followed by decomposing the dataset into modes to establish a modal library. Throughout the measurement process, the modal library is dynamically restructured based on sensor signal using a sparse representation method to forecast the flow field, and subsequently, the flow field is corrected in accordance with the Navier-Stokes equation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955598624001626/pdfft?md5=3c4417b046ecccccac983c251ecc8341&pid=1-s2.0-S0955598624001626-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of oil-water two-phase flow patterns in a vertical large diameter pipe","authors":"Landi Bai,&nbsp;Ningde Jin,&nbsp;Jiachen Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Ouyang,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flow structure and the phase inversion have great influence on the flow measurement in vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow. This paper attempts to investigate the flow patterns in oil-water flows through a vertical upward large pipe with the designed mini-conductance array probes measurement system and the vertical multi-electrode array (VMEA) measurement system. According to the output waveform of the mini-conductance array probes, the oil-in-water flow, transition flow and water-in-oil flow can be identified effectively. The fluctuating signals of the VMEA is processed by the recurrence plot and the time-frequency representation, the results show that the VMEA conductance signal with average measurement characteristics can realize an effective identification of the above three flow patterns, which has a good agreement with the results of the mini-conductance array probes. Finally, via comparing with previous published flow pattern transition boundary models in different pipe diameters, it is founded that the boundary line of the transition to oil-in-water based on the kinematic wave-based model and the observation-based model in the same diameter pipe are consistent with our experimental data. And the pipe diameter affects the flow pattern transition, compared with the boundary in small diameter pipe, the phase inversion requires a larger oil velocity, and the transition zone becomes narrower in large diameter pipe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of multi-view 3D reconstruction system for bubble flow measurement","authors":"Miki Saito,&nbsp;Taizo Kanai","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work introduces the development of bubble measurement method utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique from multi-view images. Multiple synchronized cameras were positioned around a water container, and calibration was performed to obtain external and internal camera parameters. Images of bubbles emerging from a nozzle were captured, and a machine learning technique was used to extract bubble silhouettes as foreground probability distributions, enabling the extraction of bubbles from images obtained with a simple lighting setup. These distributions were then projected onto a 3D voxel space using the visual hull method. It was confirmed that the method can successfully capture bubble generation, detachment, and rise behaviors, offering insights into understanding bubble dynamics and potential applications in 3D computational fluid dynamics validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955598624001602/pdfft?md5=31acdc303389567b326102d63bba615c&pid=1-s2.0-S0955598624001602-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the flow through parallel sluice gates on a broad-crested weir","authors":"Amin Seyedzadeh ,&nbsp;Mehdi Yasi ,&nbsp;Javad Farhoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When dealing with the challenges of large conduit widths or high upstream depths in irrigation and drainage networks, installing parallel sluice gates on a broad-crested weir can be a practical solution to reduce construction, maintenance, and operational costs. However, the complex flow dynamics of this composite structure differ from a single-gated weir, warranting a closer investigation. This study built a laboratory model with three parallel sluice gates on a trapezoidal weir sill. Various combinations of gate openings were tested to understand how this design choice impacts the discharge coefficient, which is a crucial parameter for engineers. Under free-flow conditions, the researchers used two different methodologies to estimate the discharge coefficient, both achieving low average errors of around 2 %. Interestingly, the result showed that adding parallel gates significantly influences the discharge coefficient compared to a single-gated weir design. Three new methodologies were developed for submerged-flow conditions to determine the submerged discharge coefficient, with average errors ranging from 5.4 % to 8.3 %. By examining the different gate opening combinations, the most suitable configurations were identified in terms of accuracy for submerged discharge determination. Also, the manner in which parallel gates impact other important factors like water surface elevation, energy dissipation, and flow patterns were investigated. Finally, three relationships were derived to help engineers determine the critical submergence threshold for identifying submerged-flow conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of flow splitters' impact on the hydraulics of Piano Key Weirs","authors":"Ali Ehsanifar,&nbsp;Masoud Ghodsian,&nbsp;Chonoor Abdi Chooplou","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piano Key Weirs (PKWs) have gained significant attention due to due to challenges associated with nappe oscillation in their flow dynamics. This experimental study explores the effectiveness of flow splitters—specifically circular, square, and rectangular designs—in enhancing the hydraulic performance of various PKW shapes: triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal, under a range of hydraulic conditions, including both free and submerged flow. Experiments were conducted in a dedicated channel, 10 m long, 0.75 m wide, and 0.80 m high. The results indicate that under submerged flow conditions, discharge coefficients decreased by 61 % for rectangular, 59 % for triangular, and 55 % for trapezoidal PKWs compared to free flow, reflecting a reduction in efficiency. Notably, the trapezoidal PKWs maintained the highest discharge coefficient, improving efficiency by 2 % over triangular PKWs and by 12 % over rectangular PKWs. Flow splitters facilitate flow separation by linking entrapped air beneath the flow to the free surface, thereby mitigating nappe oscillation. In free flow conditions, rectangular and square splitters are more effective than circular ones for flow separation and energy dissipation, although geometric variations did not significantly influence the upstream water head in submerged flow scenarios. While flow splitters did not affect the discharge coefficient or efficiency of the various weir shapes under submerged conditions, they were found to decrease discharge by 10 % for triangular PKWs in free flow conditions. Overall, flow splitters demonstrated greater efficiency in submerged flow scenarios. In free flow, triangular PKWs were observed to dissipate approximately 4.4 % more energy than rectangular PKWs and 6 % more than trapezoidal shapes, with minimal differences in energy dissipation during submerged flow. This research also introduces a new equation for estimating the discharge coefficient in free flow, incorporating a correction factor yielding R² = 0.967, RMSE = 0.217, and MRPE = 5.94 %, expanding upon the work of Zarei et al. [19] for submerged flows. The study enhances understanding of hydraulic behaviors and discharge coefficients of PKWs equipped with flow splitters, contributing to improved aeration performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing turbine meter performance through geometrical parameter analysis: A simulation-based approach using TOPSIS","authors":"Mona Mohammadi Neyshaburi,&nbsp;Abdolamir Bak Khoshnevis,&nbsp;Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The number of blades and their angle in a turbine gas meter directly affect its performance and the amount of lift force, pressure drop and flow rate passing through the blades. In this research, the combination of software simulation and optimization method has been used as an effective research tool to investigate the effect of these geometric parameters on the amount of pressure drop, volume flow rate and lift force. First, the flow in a turbine gas meter is simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The set of governing equations including continuity, linear momentum and angular momentum have been solved by Fluent software. To simulate the turbulent flow, the standard k-ε model is used. In the next step, with the help of TOPSIS model, it has been optimized to check the effect of each of the parameters and determine their optimal values. The results of this research showed that by increasing the number of blades and increasing the blade angle, the lift force increases. Among the two parameters, the number of blades and the angle value, changing the number of blades has a significant effect. Reducing the number of blades and decreasing the blade angle can be effective strategies to minimize pressure drop. Also, the effect of changing the number of blades plays an important role in pressure drop. The pressure drop in the number of 20 blades is the highest and this's due to its large number of blades. In this article, 21 cases have been investigated with the help of TOPSIS and it can be seen that the angle of 30 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> with 12 blades is an optimal model. The ratio of lift force to drag force is observed at an angle of 30°, the number of 20 blades is the highest and its dimensionless value is 78.23. For an angle of 37.5°, the ratio of lift force to drag force for 20 blades has the highest value and its dimensionless value is 915.9. Also, for an angle of 45°, the ratio of lift force to drag force and the number of 20 blades has the highest value, and its dimensionless value is 1190.94.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of various flow meters using gaseous CO2","authors":"Russell Brown ,&nbsp;Gabriele Chinello ,&nbsp;Marcel Workamp ,&nbsp;Bodo Mickan","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The need for accurate flow measurement within the Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) transport network is widely reported and understood as a requirement of Emission Trading Schemes and commercial contracts. In meeting this requirement, traceable calibration is needed in conditions which closely mimic the process conditions. However, currently accredited calibration facilities cannot meet the conditions for calibrating in gaseous CO₂ and so a likely alternative solution for these custody transfer flow meters is to be calibrated with an alternative fluid and the calibration transferred. In this article, which was produced under the framework of the EMPIR project <em>“Metrology for Decarbonising the Gas Grid”</em>, the authors will investigate this approach with a number of flow meters tested in natural gas, nitrogen gas and finally in carbon dioxide gas at varying pressures. The results of which will suggest that orifice and Coriolis meters can be calibrated in another fluid however, an ultrasonic meter would require further work and potentially require calibration in CO₂. This article will also investigate the effects of impurities in a CO₂ gas stream for a rotary displacement flow meter and a thermal mass flow controller compared against a piston prover which provides a primary reference flow standard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955598624001523/pdfft?md5=4b930e4a8372bb611444e25ee231aae1&pid=1-s2.0-S0955598624001523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static pressure response model of fluorescent pressure-sensitive film for underwater surface pressure measurement","authors":"Jiawei Chen ,&nbsp;Yingzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaomin Cao ,&nbsp;Di Peng ,&nbsp;Benlong Wang ,&nbsp;Shijun Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fluorescent pressure-sensitive film (FPSF) is a non-contact, deformation-based optical pressure sensor with high spatial resolution. The pressure response principle of FPSF is to convert pressure change into variations in fluorescent intensity through the deformation of fluorescent microspheres embedded within the film. To quantitatively analyze the pressure–deformation–intensity mechanism, a static pressure response model was established in this study. First, a finite element model was developed to predict the deformation of microspheres within the film under pressure. Second, the deformation-induced variation in fluorescent intensity was modeled with consideration of the light path blockage effect. The pressure calibration curve of the FPSF predicted by the proposed model was noted to be consistent with the experimental results of underwater calibration. In addition, the relationship between pressure sensitivity and the structural parameters of the FPSF were investigated using the pressure response model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle image velocimetry in the impeller of a centrifugal pump: Relationship between turbulent flow and energy loss","authors":"William D.P. Fonseca ,&nbsp;Rodolfo M. Perissinotto ,&nbsp;Rafael F.L. Cerqueira ,&nbsp;William Monte Verde ,&nbsp;Marcelo S. Castro ,&nbsp;Erick M. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Turbulent flows play a dominant role in the operation of centrifugal pumps, which find widespread use in industrial settings and various aspects of human life. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy emerges as a key parameter within these devices, with its local values exerting a significant influence on centrifugal pump performance. Recent advances in particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques have expanded the ability to analyze complex turbulent flows across a broad spectrum of scales. In this context, this paper aims to deepen our understanding of the turbulent flow field and its correlation with energy loss in centrifugal pump impellers. To achieve this, experiments were conducted using PIV on a transparent pump operating under different conditions. Statistics of the turbulent flow were then obtained from phase-ensemble averages of velocities, vorticity, turbulence production, and local dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. To overcome the limited spatial resolution constraint of PIV, the large-eddy PIV (LES-PIV) method was employed to estimate the local dissipation rate. In this method, it is assumed that the motion of larger scales is measured by the PIV technique, while the smaller scales (unresolved scales) are modeled by a sub-grid scale model, calculated from the strain rate tensors obtained from the measured fields. Energy losses in the impeller were studied using two methodologies: (i) a conventional method based on power measurements, and (ii) an alternative approach based on the budget of turbulent kinetic energy. Our results reveal that turbulent loss caused by turbulence production is the main source of energy loss in the pump impeller, and it is particularly pronounced in low-flow operating conditions characterized by large-scale structures. On the other hand, in situations where flow rates exceed the best efficiency point (BEP) condition, the predominant flow structures are marked by small-scale features, mainly attributed to local dissipation of turbulence. Our findings clarify the characteristics of energy losses in centrifugal pump impellers and their relationship with the turbulent flow field, and, in addition, providing a methodology for calculating the local turbulent dissipation rate and its limitations when derived from PIV measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 102675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}