Prototype spillway observations: self-aeration on a smooth chute

IF 2.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103019

H. Chanson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dams and reservoirs constitute an essential means of water security and flood protection. The hydraulic structure must be equipped with a spillway system to pass safely excess flood waters during natural disasters. To date the literature remains very limited on prototype observations of spillway chute flows. The current contribution presents field observations conducted between 1997 and 2025 at a large dam equipped with a smooth-invert spillway. For all investigated flood events, the overflow consisted of an upstream non-aerated flow region followed by a self-aerated flow region with significant air-water mixing. The location of the onset of free-surface aeration presented some three-dimensional features. Downstream, the air-water flow region exhibited some rapid time variations in air-water surface structures. Long-exposure photography and stacked imaging highlighted the extremely complicated nature of the air-water surface region in the high-Reynolds number flows. The air-water surface was a highly turbulent region corresponding to the outer edge of the boundary layer region, while further self-aeration took place in the hydraulic jump at the downstream end.

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原型溢洪道观察：在光滑的溜槽上自曝气

水坝和水库是水安全和防洪的重要手段。在自然灾害发生时，水工建筑物必须配备泄洪系统，以安全通过过量的洪水。迄今为止，关于溢洪道斜槽流的原型观测文献仍然非常有限。目前的报告介绍了1997年至2025年期间在一个装有平顺溢洪道的大坝上进行的实地观测。在所有调查的洪水事件中，溢流由上游非充气流区和随后的自充气流区组成，其中空气-水混合明显。自由面曝气发生的位置呈现一定的三维特征。在下游，空气-水流动区空气-水表面结构呈现出快速的时间变化。长曝光摄影和叠加成像突出了高雷诺数流中空气-水表面区域的极其复杂的性质。气-水表面是一个高度湍流区域，对应于边界层区域的外缘，而在下游末端的水力跳跃处进一步发生了自曝气。

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来源期刊

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

13.60%

发文量

123

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Flow Measurement and Instrumentation is dedicated to disseminating the latest research results on all aspects of flow measurement, in both closed conduits and open channels. The design of flow measurement systems involves a wide variety of multidisciplinary activities including modelling the flow sensor, the fluid flow and the sensor/fluid interactions through the use of computation techniques; the development of advanced transducer systems and their associated signal processing and the laboratory and field assessment of the overall system under ideal and disturbed conditions. FMI is the essential forum for critical information exchange, and contributions are particularly encouraged in the following areas of interest: Modelling: the application of mathematical and computational modelling to the interaction of fluid dynamics with flowmeters, including flowmeter behaviour, improved flowmeter design and installation problems. Application of CAD/CAE techniques to flowmeter modelling are eligible. Design and development: the detailed design of the flowmeter head and/or signal processing aspects of novel flowmeters. Emphasis is given to papers identifying new sensor configurations, multisensor flow measurement systems, non-intrusive flow metering techniques and the application of microelectronic techniques in smart or intelligent systems. Calibration techniques: including descriptions of new or existing calibration facilities and techniques, calibration data from different flowmeter types, and calibration intercomparison data from different laboratories. Installation effect data: dealing with the effects of non-ideal flow conditions on flowmeters. Papers combining a theoretical understanding of flowmeter behaviour with experimental work are particularly welcome.