IET Control Theory and Applications最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Cascaded RPIDD2-PI Controller Tuned by Enhanced Cooperation Search Algorithm for Automatic Voltage Regulator Systems","authors":"Davut Izci,&nbsp;Fatma A. Hashim,&nbsp;Serdar Ekinci,&nbsp;Sahar F. Sabbeh,&nbsp;Mohit Bajaj,&nbsp;Lukas Prokop,&nbsp;Ievgen Zaitsev","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voltage regulation is essential for maintaining the stability and efficiency of power systems, and automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) play a key role in ensuring consistent voltage levels and reducing disturbances. In this study, a novel cascaded controller, referred to as RPIDD²-PI, is proposed for AVR systems, representing its first known application in literature. The controller is designed to enhance voltage regulation by improving precision, stability, and dynamic responsiveness. To optimize the controller parameters, an improved metaheuristic algorithm called the enhanced cooperation search algorithm (ECSA) has been developed. This algorithm incorporates several features, including control randomization, a linear transfer function, an adaptive <i>p</i>-best mutation strategy, and a greedy selection mechanism. These enhancements provide a balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation during the optimization process. Simulation results show that the ECSA-tuned controller achieves excellent dynamic performance, with a rise time of 0.0314 s, a settling time of 0.0472 s, and zero overshoot, outperforming existing methods. The standard deviation of 7.9591E−05 across multiple runs highlights the consistency and robustness of the solution. Robustness tests confirm the controller's reliability under parameter uncertainties in the amplifier, exciter, and generator components, showing only minor variations in dynamic performance. Furthermore, the proposed controller demonstrates strong transient stability by minimizing oscillations and enabling a fast return to steady-state conditions. Comparative studies against more than 40 recent optimization-based controllers published between 2020 and 2023 confirm that the ECSA offers faster convergence and higher efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Semigroup Framework for Turnpike Property of Infinite-Dimensional Generalized Linear-Quadratic Problems","authors":"Zhuqing Li,&nbsp;Roberto Guglielmi","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We deduce a sufficient condition for the exponential (integral) turnpike property for infinite-dimensional generalized linear-quadratic optimal control problems in terms of structural properties of the control system, such as exponential stabilizability and detectability. The proof relies on the analysis of the exponential convergence of solutions to the differential Riccati equations to the algebraic counterpart, and on a necessary condition for exponential stabilizability in terms of a closed range test.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Hiking Optimization Algorithm for Robust PID Control in Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Systems for Wind Energy Applications","authors":"Davut Izci,&nbsp;Fatma Artun,&nbsp;Serdar Ekinci,&nbsp;Mohit Bajaj,&nbsp;Vojtech Blazek,&nbsp;Ievgen Zaitsev","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper addresses the critical control challenges inherent in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) systems, which are pivotal components of modern wind energy conversion systems (WECS). These systems often face performance degradation due to their nonlinear dynamics, sensitivity to grid disturbances, and difficulty in achieving robust control under fluctuating operational conditions. To tackle these issues, this study proposes an innovative approach for optimizing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters using the hiking optimization algorithm (HOA). Inspired by Tobler's walking function, HOA is integrated with an enhanced version of the Zwe-Lee Gaing (ZLG) objective function that incorporates penalty terms for overshoot, settling time, control effort, and abrupt signal variations. This enables a robust balance between transient and steady-state performance in dynamic environments. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness of the HOA-optimized PID controller against five state-of-the-art met heuristic algorithms: starfish optimization algorithm, grey wolf optimizer (GWO), dragonfly algorithm (DA), flow direction algorithm (FDA), and sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). The results demonstrate that HOA achieves superior performance across all key metrics, including zero overshoot, rapid settling time (0.08922 s), and minimal steady-state error. Statistically, HOA maintains the highest reliability with a standard deviation of just 0.0013 over 30 independent trials. In the frequency domain, HOA outperforms competitors by achieving the highest phase margin (87.163) and gain margin (26.11 dB), ensuring robust stability. The proposed controller also excels in disturbance rejection and input tracking under varying conditions. These findings establish HOA as a powerful and reliable optimization tool for advanced PID control of DFIG systems, with broader applicability in industrial control systems requiring high performance and adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissipativity-Based Model Reduction for Two-Dimensional Periodic Systems","authors":"Najoua Nafie,&nbsp;Abderrahim El-Amrani,&nbsp;Ahmed El Hajjaji,&nbsp;Noreddine Chaibi,&nbsp;Bensalem Boukili","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel and efficient analysis based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to derive optimized reduced models that preserve dissipativity for discrete-time periodic systems described by the two-dimensional (2D) Roesser model. To simplify stability analysis, we assume that the horizontal and vertical directions of the augmented system share the same period. By leveraging periodic Lyapunov functionals, we establish less conservative conditions that guarantee the existence of a 2D periodic reduced model that maintains the fundamental properties of the full-order system, ensuring asymptotic stability and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$(mathcal {O}_1, mathcal {O}_2, mathcal {O}_3)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> dissipativity. Furthermore, we examine a specific case of dissipativity related to the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$ H_infty$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> norm, addressing a crucial aspect of system performance. The parameters of the reduced model are determined through convex optimization techniques, and numerical simulations validate the theoretical results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlighting the correlation between optimal dissipative performance indices and different Lyapunov functionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure Dynamic State Estimation of WECS-Based Networked Microgrids Against Historical Measurement Triggered DoS Attacks","authors":"Xiao Hu,&nbsp;Xinghua Liu,&nbsp;Gaoxi Xiao,&nbsp;Zhongmei Pan,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) based networked microgrids has been widely used in recent years. The mean square error (MSE) metric can yield imprecise outcomes if measurement data is polluted by non-Gaussian disturbances or extreme values. To address this problem, we propose a new robust square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) method called maximum correlation criterion (MCC)-SRCKF, which incorporates MCC into the SRCKF framework of dynamic state estimation. In MCC, by considering the high-order moments of the error distribution, it demonstrates anti-interference ability against non-Gaussian noise, thus serving as an ideal alternative in the MSE cost function field of SRCKF. Furthermore, within the framework of SRCKF, this study introduces statistical linear regression models and non-moving point iteration strategies to solve the optimal state estimation under MCC conditions. Therefore, a historical measurement triggered DoS attack model is proposed from the attacker's perspective, aiming to destabilise the WECS-based networked microgrids. The security conditions of the power system under such attacks are obtained. The proposed method is validated numerically using an IEEE 39-bus system, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness and superiority.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Varying Formation Active Fault-Tolerant Predictive Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems With Actuator Faults and Communication Constraints","authors":"Chao Li,&nbsp;Peilin Li,&nbsp;Zhong-Hua Pang,&nbsp;Chang-Bing Zheng,&nbsp;Haibin Guo,&nbsp;Zhe Dong","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper addresses the time-varying formation control issue of networked multi-agent systems with actuator fault and random communication constraints. A time-varying formation active fault-tolerant predictive control scheme is proposed. First, a composite state observer is designed to jointly estimate the system state and actuator fault. Then, an active fault-tolerant predictive control algorithm is developed to generate a control prediction sequence such that actively compensating for actuator fault and random communication constraints. The design principle of control parameters is obtained by deriving the system stability condition. Finally, numerical simulations and practical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning for Decentralized Robust Optimal Voltage Control of Uncertain Islanded DC Microgrid Under ZIP Load","authors":"Ali Amirparast,&nbsp;Seyyed Kamal Hosseini sani","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper delves into the application of robust optimal control theory for voltage regulation in DC microgrids with uncertain ZIP loads. The primary challenge in DC microgrids with local ZIP loads is addressed through a two-phase approach encompassing classical robust control and data-driven control methodologies. Initially, the robust control problem for voltage regulation is tackled using an undiscounted optimal approach. Subsequently, the classical structure of the proposed robust optimal control scheme is converted into a data-driven control strategy employing a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. Given the system's unmatched uncertainties, a virtual control input is necessary during the robust control problem-solving process, preventing the extension to a model-free control strategy. By converting the unmatched uncertainties into matched ones in the first phase, a data-driven robust control strategy is achieved using the RL-based algorithm in the second phase. The simulation results which are obtained using MATLAB/SimPowerSystems toolbox showcase the effectiveness of the data-driven approach in achieving stability and adaptability in uncertain DC microgrid environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability Analysis of Second-Order Systems With Digital PID Controller: An Impulsive System Conversion Method","authors":"Hong-Zhang Wang,&nbsp;Xing-Chen Shangguan,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Yuan-Hang Yang,&nbsp;Chuan-Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the stability analysis of second-order systems with digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on the impulsive system conversion. The evaluation method of digital PID controlled systems is optimised to more precisely determine its maximum acceptable sampling period. This approach reduces the communication burden under the expected performance. Firstly, since the sampled-data PID (SDPID) controller represents a standard form of the digital PID controller, the second-order system using SDPID controller is converted to impulsive form through the introduction of a virtual variable. The system conversion method is further applied to the second-order system with polynomial uncertainty to demonstrate its effectiveness. Next, an impulsive-type looped-functional is established for the aforementioned impulsive system to lose the functional's decreasing constraint. Based on the aforementioned modifications, several less conservative criteria are developed. Based on these criteria, a more precise evaluation of system's admissible range of sampling periods is achieved. This results in a reduction in the utilisation of communication resources. Finally, the numerical example and experimental test are performed to validate the superiority and the effectiveness of the developed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault-Tolerant Control Using Recursive Gaussian Processes and Observer-Structured Robust Output Feedback Controller","authors":"Hibiki Shiroiwa,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ichihara,&nbsp;Masayuki Sato","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses fault-tolerant control using recursive Gaussian processes (RGP) and observer-structured robust output feedback controllers. The proposed method can detect variations in plant dynamics based on estimated plant state using RGP. The paper gives a design method for robust dynamic output feedback controllers based on generalized plants considering uncertainties due to some faults. When output feedback control is required, running RGP that use the plant state is complicated. In addition, the existence of the uncertainties makes conventional observers unreliable. These issues motivate us to adopt observer-structured controllers, which are obtained from a priori designed dynamic output feedback controllers through only appropriate state transformations without control performance degradation. Running this scheme online makes it possible to guarantee robust stability for plants after dynamics changes due to some faults. Two numerical examples of a web server model and an airplane model illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Agent Game Strategies for Kill Chain Optimization in Networked Aerial Combat Systems","authors":"Haijun Ye,&nbsp;Chuanguo Chi,&nbsp;Guojie Qin,&nbsp;Yunlian Kuang","doi":"10.1049/cth2.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cth2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In modern information warfare, single-agent and multi-agent systems (MAS) play a critical role in achieving integrated combat capabilities. This study examines agent-based game strategies in airborne networked systems, focusing specifically on the air-fleet kill chain—the central framework that unifies fighters, early-warning aircraft, and missiles into a cohesive, intelligent system. We analyse how MAS mitigate the complexity, uncertainty, and adversarial dynamics of aerial combat by optimising detection, decision-making, and strike efficiency through networked collaboration. Two representative scenarios are presented: (1) an AI-driven fighter (ALPHA AI) using genetic-fuzzy tree algorithms to surpass human pilots, and (2) adversarial multi-agent reinforcement learning (MADDPG) in OpenAI's simulation suite. We then propose a systematic MAS-based kill-chain optimisation design that integrates deep reinforcement learning, Bayesian inference, and tactical decision frameworks. Simulation results demonstrate enhanced coordination, real-time adaptability, and optimised damage probabilities in both single- and multi-agent confrontations. Our findings establish a theoretical foundation for transitioning from rule-based to AI-driven system-of-systems warfare in next-generation aerial combat.</p>","PeriodicalId":50382,"journal":{"name":"IET Control Theory and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cth2.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}