Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation最新文献

Characterisation of Resident Space Objects and Synchronisation Error Compensation in Multistatic Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70014

Manjunath Thindlu Rudrappa, Martin Käske, Marcus Albrecht, Peter Knott

{"title":"Characterisation of Resident Space Objects and Synchronisation Error Compensation in Multistatic Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging","authors":"Manjunath Thindlu Rudrappa, Martin Käske, Marcus Albrecht, Peter Knott","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study on interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) for three-dimensional imaging and rotational velocity estimation. The study focuses on synchronisation error compensation in a multistatic setup with three ground-based radars and non-orthogonal baselines. The simulation involves CAD models of non-cooperative targets in Keplerian orbits with different orbital parameters, and radar backscattering along the orbit is simulated based on physical optics approximation. The paper also illustrates the signal processing chain for synchronisation error compensation and the generation of interferometric pointclouds for the resident space object models in orbit. The study includes multilabel classification and performance analysis of synchronisation error compensation at varying SNR using Monte Carlo simulations. The interferometric reconstruction and classification accuracy at low SNR conditions is enhanced using multiple receiver or multi channel fusion and the performance of the fusion algorithm is evaluated at varying noise correlation between the fused channels or receivers.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radar Intelligent Game Anti-Jamming Strategy Optimisation Based on Jamming Behaviour Inference and Active Induction

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70021

Yunzhu Wang, Xiongjun Fu, Jian Dong, Zhichun Zhao

{"title":"Radar Intelligent Game Anti-Jamming Strategy Optimisation Based on Jamming Behaviour Inference and Active Induction","authors":"Yunzhu Wang, Xiongjun Fu, Jian Dong, Zhichun Zhao","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"With the intelligent development of electronic countermeasures, the more complex and intense countermeasure environment poses a severe challenge to the anti-jamming ability of radar. Aiming at the scene where radar detects and tracks targets, this paper proposes an optimisation method of a radar intelligent game anti-jamming strategy based on the inference and induction of jamming behaviour with an OODA (observation, orientation, decision and action) loop. Firstly, the strategy selection of the OODA loop decision process of the jammer is optimised so that the jammer can predict radar behaviour. Secondly, the radar is given the ability to perceive the jammer strategy and infer the decision-making ability of the jammer, and the radar behaviour with inductive ability is selected to generate the cover pulse so that the radar can recover the detection in time under the disadvantage situation, and the OODA loop cycle speed is improved under the advantage situation. At the same time, the judgement link of the jammer OODA loop is destroyed and the jammer's decision is induced to meet the radar expectation, and the success probability of the radar game against the intelligent jammer is improved comprehensively.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambiguity and area preserving linear transformations in over-the-horizon radar

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70005

Stephen D. Howard, Van Khanh Nguyen

{"title":"Ambiguity and area preserving linear transformations in over-the-horizon radar","authors":"Stephen D. Howard, Van Khanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"The use of recurrent waveforms in over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) necessitates techniques for ambiguity resolution and manipulation. This paper provides a number of techniques for manipulating the shape of radar ambiguity functions. A new and simple characterisation of the radar ambiguity function is introduced in terms of twisted convolution. It is shown that the ambiguity function of any waveform can be transformed by any desired area preserving linear transformation of the delay-Doppler plane. Furthermore, given the desired delay-Doppler transformation, the corresponding waveform transformation can be explicitly constructed through the factorisation of <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $2times 2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> matrices. Among other applications of this theory, it is shown that the usual OTHR phase and frequency coding techniques used for range-folded spread Doppler clutter mitigation, which induce an approximate Doppler shearing of delay-Doppler plane, can be replaced by chirp modulating the recurrent waveform. These non-recurrent chirped waveforms induce an exact Doppler shearing and lead to simpler and more robust signal processing of the returns.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributed Joint Emitter Detection and Tracking With Parallel Consensus on Likelihood and Prediction

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70010

Tao Liang, Huaguo Zhang, Ping Wei

{"title":"Distributed Joint Emitter Detection and Tracking With Parallel Consensus on Likelihood and Prediction","authors":"Tao Liang, Huaguo Zhang, Ping Wei","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Passive localisation and tracking of a radio emitter is of significant interest for both civilian and defence applications. Among the existing methods, received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based localisation is widely used due to its low cost and simplicity. However, most RSSI-based techniques make simplifying assumptions, such as relying on basic path-loss models and presuming the emitter has already been detected, overlooking complex environmental effects like shadowing caused by obstacles. These limitations hinder the practical application of RSSI-based methods. In this paper, we propose an advanced RSSI-based framework for joint detection and tracking (JDT) of a radio emitter, integrating a more accurate propagation model that accounts for both path-loss and shadowing effects. The emitter is modelled as a Bernoulli random finite set (RFS) characterised by its existence probability (EP) and spatial probability density function (SPDF), addressing the challenges of emitter detection uncertainty. A key innovation of this paper is the development of a fully distributed JDT algorithm, which overcomes the computational and communication challenges associated with centralised tracking systems. The proposed algorithm leverages parallel consensus on likelihood and prediction (PCLP), allowing for scalable and efficient operation across sensor networks. Simulation results validate the proposed method's performance in real-time emitter tracking.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A X-Ray Pulsar/Inter-Satellite Ranging/Landmark Integrated Navigation Method for Deep Space Exploration 用于深空探测的 X 射线脉冲星/卫星间测距/地标综合导航方法

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70018

Shuting Wang, Yuqi Guo, Xiao Chen, Jun Xu, Xin Ma

{"title":"A X-Ray Pulsar/Inter-Satellite Ranging/Landmark Integrated Navigation Method for Deep Space Exploration","authors":"Shuting Wang, Yuqi Guo, Xiao Chen, Jun Xu, Xin Ma","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the autonomous navigation accuracy of the Mars probe, a navigation method for orbit around mars using an auxiliary satellite and absolute and relative position information of x-ray pulsars/inter-satellite ranging/landmark integrated navigation is proposed in this paper. In this method, the Mars probe and the auxiliary satellite simultaneously observe the same x-ray pulsar, and the difference in pulse arrival time (TDOA) is calculated by comparing their observations. The states of both the spacecraft and the auxiliary satellite are estimated by integrating the prior known position of the auxiliary satellite. To address systematic errors that remain constant over short periods—such as those introduced by the spacecraft's measurement instruments and satellite systems—these constant errors are incorporated into the state model to improve estimation and prediction accuracy. Moreover, to further enhance navigation precision, the approach integrates x-ray pulsar navigation, inter-satellite ranging, and landmark-based navigation thereby improving system robustness. This approach demonstrates a significant reduction in errors, such as pulsar ephemeris inaccuracies and satellite clock drift, compared to traditional pulsar-based navigation methods. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing navigation performance.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multistatic Localisation in Passive Radar System for LEO Space Objects Observation Using Terrestrial Illuminators and LOFAR Radio Telescope

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70009

Konrad Jędrzejewski, Mateusz Malanowski, Marek Płotka, Krzysztof Kulpa, Mariusz Pożoga

{"title":"Multistatic Localisation in Passive Radar System for LEO Space Objects Observation Using Terrestrial Illuminators and LOFAR Radio Telescope","authors":"Konrad Jędrzejewski, Mateusz Malanowski, Marek Płotka, Krzysztof Kulpa, Mariusz Pożoga","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces and discusses the concept and findings of experimental trials focused on the passive multistatic radar localisation of low-Earth orbit (LEO) space objects using terrestrial illuminators and a LOFAR (LOw-Frequency ARray) radio telescope. In the considered solution, commercial terrestrial digital radio transmitters operating in the VHF band served as illuminators of opportunity, whereas the LOFAR radio telescope was employed as a surveillance receiver. The extensive antenna array of the LOFAR radio telescope enables the detection of relatively weak echo signals reflected from space objects moving in LEO. Reference signals were captured using software-defined radio receivers placed near the illuminators of opportunity. By combining bistatic measurement results from three pairs of illuminator-receiver, the position of a space object was estimated in a Cartesian coordinate system. The experimental results validate the feasibility of determining the position of space objects using a passive radar system that employs antenna arrays, such as the one in the LOFAR radio telescope, along with commercial terrestrial transmitters as illuminators of opportunity. The results of the performed simulations confirmed the accuracy of the object position estimation achieved in real-life experiments.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Robust Stochastic Modelling Approach for Tight Integration of Precise Point Positioning and Ultra-Wide Band

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70015

Tonghui Shen, Changsheng Cai, Wenping Jin

{"title":"A Robust Stochastic Modelling Approach for Tight Integration of Precise Point Positioning and Ultra-Wide Band","authors":"Tonghui Shen, Changsheng Cai, Wenping Jin","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate stochastic model is essential for achieving high-accuracy positioning solutions in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP)/ultra-wide band (UWB) tightly coupled (TC) integration. Conventionally, a priori variances are used in the PPP/UWB TC integration to determine the weights of observations. However, a priori variances are difficult to obtain in complex environments since the stochastic characteristics of different observations depend heavily on environmental conditions. By contrast, the variance component estimation (VCE) method can provide a more accurate stochastic model by estimating the measurement uncertainties of different types of observations. Nevertheless, the VCE is susceptible to measurements' outliers and low redundancy in complex observation environments. To address these issues, a robust stochastic modelling approach for PPP/UWB TC integration is proposed by optimising the VCE with a robust estimation strategy and an adaptive moving window filter technique. Two kinematic experiments are conducted in signal-obstructed environments to validate the stochastic modelling approach. Results demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy in the PPP/UWB TC integration is improved by over 47% after VCE optimisation. Compared to the a priori variance-based stochastic model, the robust stochastic modelling approach improves the 3D positioning accuracy by over 27%.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radar signal deinterleaving in open-set environments based variational autoencoder with probabilistic ladder structure

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.12697

Huibo Sun, Kai Xie

引用次数: 0

Rain Clutter Modelling and Performance Assessment of Road Traffic Surveillance Radars

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70008

Hai-Long Su, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Yi-Han Li, You-Heng Wang, Peng-Jia Zou, Peng-Lang Shui

{"title":"Rain Clutter Modelling and Performance Assessment of Road Traffic Surveillance Radars","authors":"Hai-Long Su, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Yi-Han Li, You-Heng Wang, Peng-Jia Zou, Peng-Lang Shui","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Millimetre-wave road traffic surveillance radars are used for vehicle detection and tracking. Under rainy conditions, rain attenuation and rain backscatter severely degrade the vehicle detection performance of radars. In this paper, based on a big database of rain clutter collected by two radars at different rainfall levels, rain clutter modelling and the assessment of the vehicle detection ability of radars under rainy conditions are investigated. As the first contribution, the clutter-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-clutter-noise ratio (SCNR) of the road traffic surveillance radar under rainy conditions are derived as functions of radial distance, based on the rain attenuation and backscatter models. The derived formulas highly accord with the measured CNR change of radars under rainy conditions, which can be used to evaluate radar performance and optimise the radar operating mode. As the second contribution, a range-varying compound-Gaussian model (CGM) with a clutter map cell partition is introduced to model rain clutter with range-varying statistics, and a best-type selection method of amplitude distributions is proposed. Based on the analysis of a big database of rain clutter at different rainfall levels, the range-varying CGMs with gamma and lognormal textures are recommended to model rain clutter of millimetre-wave road traffic surveillance radars.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian Radar Cosplace: Directly estimating location uncertainty in radar place recognition

IF 1.4 4区管理学

Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1049/rsn2.70002

Suyash Agarwal, Jianhao Yuan, Paul Newman, Daniele De Martini, Matthew Gadd

{"title":"Bayesian Radar Cosplace: Directly estimating location uncertainty in radar place recognition","authors":"Suyash Agarwal, Jianhao Yuan, Paul Newman, Daniele De Martini, Matthew Gadd","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"Trust and explainability in localisation systems can be greatly helped by estimating a calibrated uncertainty. In this work, we argue for the first time that for this, it is best to express uncertainty in the location estimate directly rather than indirectly in the ‘noisiness’ or ambiguity of the data sample. Therefore, in this work, through a robust classification-based model, we not only identify the most probable place but also provide a measure of confidence or uncertainty associated with the prediction of the place itself—in contrast to existing approaches where uncertainty values are produced with the same dimension as the encoded feature. We specifically prove the utility of this new formulation on CosPlace, a state-of-the-art Geolocalisation system. Uncertainty is learnt by transforming Cosplace into an uncertainty-aware neural network. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments using the Oxford Radar RobotCar Dataset, where we find that the backbone features learnt in the uncertainty-aware setting result in better place recognition performance than vanilla Cosplace. Furthermore, by using it as a score to reject putative localisation results, we show that our uncertainty is well-calibrated to place recognition accuracy—more so than two existing systems in uncertainty-aware radar place recognition.","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0