Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第8页

What Is A Family? A Constitutive-Affirmative Account. 什么是家庭？一种构成-肯定的说法。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10339-x

J Y Lee, R Bentzon, E Di Nucci

引用次数: 0

Procreating in an Overpopulated World: Role Moralities and a Climate Crisis. 在人口过剩的世界中生育：角色道德与气候危机》。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y

Craig Stanbury

{"title":"Procreating in an Overpopulated World: Role Moralities and a Climate Crisis.","authors":"Craig Stanbury","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y","url":null,"abstract":"It is an open question when procreation is justified. Antinatalists argue that bringing a new individual into the world is morally wrong, whereas pronatalists say that creating new life is morally good. In between these positions lie attempts to provide conditions for when taking an anti or pronatal stance is appropriate. This paper is concerned with developing one of these attempts, which can be called qualified pronatalism. Qualified pronatalism typically claims that while procreation can be morally permissible, there are constraints on when it is justified. These constraints often concern whether an individual is motivated to procreate for the right reasons. For instance, if someone is not sufficiently concerned with the child's future welfare, the qualified pronatalist will say that procreation is not justified. Moreover, David Wasserman says that this concern forms a role-based duty. That is, prospective parents have special duties to be concerned for the child's future welfare by virtue of the role they occupy. In this paper, I argue that a proper examination of a prospective parent's role-based duties entails that more is needed to justify procreation. Bringing a new person into the world leaves fewer resources for people who already need them, and the current size of the human population is unsustainable from a planetary point of view. Therefore, even if there is nothing wrong with procreation per se, the external condition of overpopulation, and its ensuing public health issues, plausibly gives rise to a role-based duty that prospective parents must account for when deciding whether to procreate.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Stem Cell-Based Embryo-Like Structures : A Focus Group Study on the Perspectives of Dutch Professionals and Lay Citizens. 基于干细胞的类胚胎结构的伦理问题：关于荷兰专业人士和普通公民观点的焦点小组研究》。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9

A M Pereira Daoud, W J Dondorp, A L Bredenoord, G M W R de Wert

{"title":"The Ethics of Stem Cell-Based Embryo-Like Structures : A Focus Group Study on the Perspectives of Dutch Professionals and Lay Citizens.","authors":"A M Pereira Daoud, W J Dondorp, A L Bredenoord, G M W R de Wert","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study early human development while avoiding the burdens associated with human embryo research, scientists are redirecting their efforts towards so-called human embryo-like structures (hELS). hELS are created from clusters of human pluripotent stem cells and seem capable of mimicking early human development with increasing accuracy. Notwithstanding, hELS research finds itself at the intersection of historically controversial fields, and the expectation that it might be received as similarly sensitive is prompting proactive law reform in many jurisdictions, including the Netherlands. However, studies on the public perception of hELS research remain scarce. To help guide policymakers and fill this gap in the literature, we conducted an explorative qualitative study aimed at mapping the range of perspectives in the Netherlands on the creation and research use of hELS. This article reports on a subset of our findings, namely those pertaining to (the degrees of and requirements for) confidence in research with hELS and its regulation. Despite commonly found disparities in confidence on emerging biotechnologies, we also found wide consensus regarding the requirements for having (more) confidence in hELS research. We conclude by reflecting on how these findings could be relevant to researchers and (Dutch) policymakers when interpreted within the context of their limitations.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jewish Ethics of Inmate Vaccines Against COVID-19. 囚犯接种 COVID-19 疫苗的犹太伦理。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x

Tsuriel Rashi

{"title":"Jewish Ethics of Inmate Vaccines Against COVID-19.","authors":"Tsuriel Rashi","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019, and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which had already led to the deaths of some five million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies announced that they had succeeded in producing an effective vaccine, and after approval by the various regulatory bodies, countries started to vaccinate their citizens. With the start of the global campaign to vaccinate the world's population against COVID-19, debates over the prioritization of different sections of the population began around the world, but the prison population has generally been absent from these discussions.Approach and findings: This article presents the approach of Jewish ethics regarding this issue, that is, that there is a religious and a moral obligation to heal the other and to take care of his or her medical well-being and that this holds true even for a prisoner who has committed a serious crime. Hence, prisoners should be vaccinated according to the same priorities that govern the administration of the vaccine among the general public.Originality: The originality of the article is in a comprehensive and comparative reference between general ethics and Jewish ethics on a subject that has not yet received the proper attention.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents. 父母无需参与青少年的疫苗接种选择。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9

M Brusa, Y M Barilan

{"title":"No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents.","authors":"M Brusa, Y M Barilan","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9","url":null,"abstract":"Parental decision making is necessary for contracting medical interventions that require personal risk-benefit evaluation, and for overseeing matters of education. In the nineteenth century, exemptions from obligatory vaccination were granted for religious and conscientious reasons. Then and today, religion and moral values play marginal roles in vaccine hesitancy and denialism. Rather, the key values invoked by vaccine hesitants and denialists are liberty and pluralism. Neither is compatible with limiting adolescents' choice. Because vaccination does not require assessment of personal medical risks, because it does not need to occur within the sphere of the doctor-patient relationship, and because the risk involved is within the range of their daily activities, adolescents have the right to free access to vaccination without legal requirement of parental involvement. Drawing on the development of Common Law, and on the development of respect for personal conscience in the history of ideas, this paper does not promote an argument that grants public health an overriding moral power. Rather, this paper rejects the presumption that vaccination of adolescents might involve a conflict between parental authority and public health. Free access to vaccination is compatible with the law and ethics of adolescents' evolving autonomy in relation to healthcare.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Parliamentary Inquiry into Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis. 澳大利亚《2021 年线粒体捐赠法律改革（梅芙法）法案》议会调查：定性分析。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4

Jemima W Allen, Christopher Gyngell, Julian J Koplin, Danya F Vears

{"title":"The Parliamentary Inquiry into Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"Jemima W Allen, Christopher Gyngell, Julian J Koplin, Danya F Vears","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Australia became the second jurisdiction worldwide to legalize the use of mitochondrial donation technology. The Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 allows individuals with a family history of mitochondrial disease to access assisted reproductive techniques that prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial disease. Using inductive content analysis, we assessed submissions sent to the Senate Committee as part of a programme of scientific inquiry and public consultation that informed drafting of the Bill. These submissions discussed a range of bioethical and legal considerations of central importance to the political debate. Significantly, submissions from those with a first-hand experience of mitochondrial disease, including clinicians and those with a family history of mitochondrial disease, were in strong support of this legislation. Those in support of the Bill commended the two-staged approach and rigorous licencing requirements as part of the Bill's implementation strategy. Submissions which outlined arguments against the legislation either opposed the use of these techniques in general or opposed aspects of the implementation strategy in Australia. These findings offer a window into the ethical arguments and perspectives that matter most to those Australians who took part in the Senate inquiry into mitochondrial donation. The insights garnered from these submissions may be used to help refine policy and guidelines as the field progresses.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9975271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Need to Standardize the Reanalysis of Genomic Sequencing Results: Findings from Interviews with Underserved Families in Genomic Research. 基因组测序结果再分析标准化的必要性：对基因组研究中未得到服务的家庭的访谈结果。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2

Simon M Outram, Shannon Rego, Matthew Norstad, Sara Ackerman

{"title":"The Need to Standardize the Reanalysis of Genomic Sequencing Results: Findings from Interviews with Underserved Families in Genomic Research.","authors":"Simon M Outram, Shannon Rego, Matthew Norstad, Sara Ackerman","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2","url":null,"abstract":"The reanalysis of genomic sequencing results has the potential to provide results that are of considerable medical and personal importance to recipients. Employing interviews with forty-seven predominantly medically underserved families and ethnographic observations we argue that there is pressing need to standardize the approach taken to reanalysis. Our findings highlight that study participants were unclear as to the likelihood of reanalysis happening, the process of initiating reanalysis, and whether they would receive revised results. Their reflections mirror the lack a specific focus upon reanalysis within consent and results sessions as observed in clinical settings. Mechanisms need to be put into place that standardize the approach to reanalysis in research and in clinical contexts. This would enable clinicians and genetic counsellors to communicate clearly with research participants with respect to potential for reanalysis of results and the process of reanalysis. We argue that that the role of reanalysis is too important to be referred to in an ad-hoc manner. Furthermore, the ad-hoc nature of the current process may increase health inequities given the likelihood that only those families who have the means to press for reanalysis are likely to receive it.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics and Health Security in the Australian COVID-19 Context: A Critical Interpretive Literature Review. 澳大利亚新冠肺炎背景下的伦理与健康安全：批判性解释性文献综述。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10255-6

Anson Fehross, Kari Pahlman, Diego S Silva

{"title":"Ethics and Health Security in the Australian COVID-19 Context: A Critical Interpretive Literature Review.","authors":"Anson Fehross, Kari Pahlman, Diego S Silva","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10255-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10255-6","url":null,"abstract":"Background The concept of \"health security\" is often used to motivate public health responses, yet the ethical values that underpin this concept remain largely unexamined. The recent Australian responses to COVID-19 serve as an important case study by which we can analyse the pre-existing literature to see what ethical values shaped, and continue to shape, Australia's response. Methods We conducted a critical interpretive literature review of academic and grey literatures within key databases, resulting in 2,220 sources. After screening for duplicates and relevance, we analysed ninety-six sources. Results First, risk and uncertainty are a leading focus, with a heavy concentration on risks to life and health. Second, free movement, safety, and security were recurringly emphasized, albeit narrowly focused upon the safety of the population. Third, legitimacy was a recurring theme, and it is here that discussions of \"health security\" figured highly. Conclusion Discussions of harm from government and associated official bodies fail to adequately distinguish between various senses of harm. Moreover, while the literature often discusses the balancing of rights, the steps involved in the weighing of these rights is rarely adequately explained and defended. We suggest that decision-makers should endeavour to clearly identify and defend the values undergirding their decisions in the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eight Strategies to Engineer Acceptance of Human Germline Modifications. 设计人类基因修饰的八大策略

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10266-3

Shoaib Khan, Katherine Drabiak

引用次数: 0

CRISPR: Beyond the Excitement. CRISPR：超越兴奋。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10295-y

Khaled Moustafa

引用次数: 0