Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第8页

The Ethical Assessment of the Stay-At-Home Order in South Africa in Light of The Universal Declaration of Bioethics And Human Rights (UNESCO). 根据《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》对南非居家令的伦理评估（联合国教科文组织）。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0

A L Rheeder

{"title":"The Ethical Assessment of the Stay-At-Home Order in South Africa in Light of The Universal Declaration of Bioethics And Human Rights (UNESCO).","authors":"A L Rheeder","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0","url":null,"abstract":"The South African government announced the much-discussed stay-at-home order between March 27 and April 30, 2020, during what was known as lockdown level 5, which meant that citizens were not allowed to leave their homes. The objective of this study is to assess the stay-at-home order against the global principles of the UDBHR. It is deducible that, in reference to the UDBHR, the government possessed the right to curtail individual liberty, thereby not infringing on Article 5 of the UDBHR and therefore, in this context, passes the test of the UDBHR. However, it remains uncertain at present whether the limitation of freedom imposed by the South African stay-at-home order was successful in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and protecting individuals from harm. Initial investigations also indicate that individuals who are particularly vulnerable may not have received equitable treatment in accordance with the principle outlined in Article 10, therefore, it can be cautiously and modestly argued that the stay-at-home order does not withstand scrutiny when assessed against the UDBHR. Given the continued discussion about the efficacy of limiting freedom to control the spread of COVID-19, and the growing conviction that the advancement of justice is being called into question, the notion of least restriction ought to be considered seriously. Ten Have (2022) is correct in asserting that global bioethics should also seriously consider other principles beyond an almost exclusive focus on limiting individual freedom. The preliminary conclusion is that the potential implementation of the stay-at-home order in the future must be seriously reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics. 确定牙科伦理治疗策略的建议。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2

Szilárd D Kovács

{"title":"Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics.","authors":"Szilárd D Kovács","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary medicine views health as the individual's physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one's well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient's needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects of oral health. The objective of this article is to suggest alternative treatment strategies in dentistry with respect to the following factors: extent of rehabilitation, preserving one's anatomical structures, aesthetic outcome, number of sessions, patient autonomy. Additionally, this article describes the suggested treatment strategies in an ethical context and determines the conditions of their employment. The suggested treatment strategies are divided in two categories, extensive treatment strategies focusing on the patient's entire craniofacial complex, while specific treatment strategies focus on specific paramount issues.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Forensic Genomics: Regulating Massively Parallel Sequencing. 法医基因组学的进化:调节大规模平行测序。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w

Marcus Smith, Seumas Miller

{"title":"The Evolution of Forensic Genomics: Regulating Massively Parallel Sequencing.","authors":"Marcus Smith, Seumas Miller","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic genomics now enables law enforcement agencies to undertake rapid and detailed analysis of suspect samples using a technique known as massively parallel sequencing (MPS), including information such as physical traits, biological ancestry, and medical conditions. This article discusses the implications of MPS and provides ethical analysis, drawing on the concept of joint rights applicable to genomic data, and the concept of collective moral responsibility (understood as joint moral responsibility) that are applicable to law enforcement investigations that utilize genomic data. The widespread and unconstrained use of this technology without appropriate legal protections of individual moral rights and associated accountability mechanisms, could potentially not only involve violations of individual moral rights but also lead to an unacceptable shift in the balance of power between governments and the citizenry. We argue that in light of the rights of victims and the security benefits for society, there is a collective moral responsibility for individuals to submit their DNA to law enforcement and for MPS to be used where other, less invasive techniques are not effective. However, this application should be limited by legislation, including that any data obtained should be directly relevant to the investigation and should be destroyed at the conclusion of the investigation.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two Decades of the JBI, Where to Next? 联合履行机构成立二十年，下一步何去何从？

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10380-w

Michael A Ashby

引用次数: 0

Psychiatric Illness and Clinical Negligence: When Can "Secondary Victims" Successfully Claim for Damages? Recent Developments from the United Kingdom. 精神疾病与临床过失：次要受害者 "何时能成功索赔？英国的最新发展。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10346-y

Edward S Dove

引用次数: 0

Putting "Epistemic Injustice" to Work in Bioethics: Beyond Nonmaleficence. 将“认识上的不公正”应用于生命伦理学:超越非恶意。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10314-y

S Wallaert, S Segers

{"title":"Putting \"Epistemic Injustice\" to Work in Bioethics: Beyond Nonmaleficence.","authors":"S Wallaert, S Segers","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10314-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10314-y","url":null,"abstract":"We expand on Della Croce's ambition to interpret \"epistemic injustice\" as a specification of non-maleficence in the use of the influential four-principle framework. This is an alluring line of thought for conceptual, moral, and heuristic reasons. Although it is commendable, Della Croce's attempt remains tentative. So does our critique of it. Yet, we take on the challenge to critically address two interrelated points. First, we broaden the analysis to include deliberations about hermeneutical injustice. We argue that, if due consideration of epistemic injustice is to require more than negative ethical obligations in medicine, dimensions of hermeneutical injustice should be explored as an avenue to arrive at such positive duties. Second, and relatedly, we argue that this may encompass moral responsibilities beyond the individual level, that is: positive obligations to take action on a structural level. Building on Dotson's concept of \"contributory injustice\" and Scheman's concept of \"perceptual autonomy,\" we suggest that the virtues of testimonial and hermeneutical justice may provide additional content not only to negative prohibitions of action (i.e. non-maleficence) but also to positive requirements of action, like respecting patient autonomy.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"225-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment for Trans Adolescents: A Four Principles Analysis. 变性青少年的性别肯定激素治疗：四项原则分析。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10313-z

Hane Htut Maung

{"title":"Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment for Trans Adolescents: A Four Principles Analysis.","authors":"Hane Htut Maung","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10313-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10313-z","url":null,"abstract":"Gender affirming hormone treatment is an important part of the care of trans adolescents which enables them to develop the secondary sexual characteristics congruent with their identified genders. There is an increasing amount of empirical evidence showing the benefits of gender affirming hormone treatment for psychological health and social well-being in this population. However, in several countries, access to gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents has recently been severely restricted. While much of the opposition to gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents has in part been ideologically motivated, it also reflects a debate about whether there are harms that outweigh the benefits of the treatment. Accordingly, a systematic and comprehensive philosophical analysis of the ethics of gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents is needed. Herein, I offer such an analysis that draws on the four principles of biomedical ethics by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress. Based on the considerations of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, I argue that the provision of access to gender affirming hormone treatment for consenting trans adolescents is ethically required and that the current restrictions to such treatment are ethically wrong.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"345-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Stakes for Past, Present, and Prospective Tuberculosis Isolate Research Towards a Multicultural Data Sovereignty Model for Isolate Samples in Research. 过去、现在和未来肺结核隔离病例研究的伦理利害关系逐步建立隔离病例研究的多元文化数据主权模式。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10334-8

A Anderson, M Meher, Z Maroof, S Malua, C Tahapeehi, J Littleton, V Arcus, J Wade, J Park

{"title":"Ethical Stakes for Past, Present, and Prospective Tuberculosis Isolate Research Towards a Multicultural Data Sovereignty Model for Isolate Samples in Research.","authors":"A Anderson, M Meher, Z Maroof, S Malua, C Tahapeehi, J Littleton, V Arcus, J Wade, J Park","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10334-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-023-10334-8","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal infectious disease that, in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), inequitably affects Asian, Pacific, Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African (MELAA), and Māori people. Medical research involving genome sequencing of TB samples enables more nuanced understanding of disease strains and their transmission. This could inform highly specific health interventions. However, the collection and management of TB isolate samples for research are currently informed by monocultural biomedical models often lacking key ethical considerations. Drawing on a qualitative kaupapa Māori-consistent study, this paper reports on preliminary discussions with groups of Māori, Pacific, and Afghan people in NZ, whose communities have been harmed by TB and TB stigma. Participants' discussions highlight key concerns and meanings that ought to inform the development of guidelines and a more robust consultative process for the governance of how TB isolate samples are collected and used both retrospectively and in future research. We argue for ethical processes to be culturally nuanced and community-generated, flexible and meaningful, and situated in relation to the physical and symbolic effects of TB. We discuss the significance of Indigenous data sovereignty, rights, and kāwanatanga (governorship) in shaping a multicultural data sovereignty model.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes from the Rock Bottom. 谷底笔记

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10353-z

Gila Svirsky

引用次数: 0

Seeing Gaza: Objectivity and Emotion. 看加沙：客观与情感。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10362-y

Genevieve Lloyd

引用次数: 0