Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第9页

Proxies of Trustworthiness: A Novel Framework to Support the Performance of Trust in Human Health Research. 可信度的代用指标：支持人类健康研究中信任表现的新框架》。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10335-1

Kate Harvey, Graeme Laurie

{"title":"Proxies of Trustworthiness: A Novel Framework to Support the Performance of Trust in Human Health Research.","authors":"Kate Harvey, Graeme Laurie","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10335-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10335-1","url":null,"abstract":"Without trust there is no credible human health research (HHR). This article accepts this truism and addresses a crucial question that arises: how can trust continually be promoted in an ever-changing and uncertain HHR environment? The article analyses long-standing mechanisms that are designed to elicit trust-such as consent, anonymization, and transparency-and argues that these are best understood as trust represented by proxies of trustworthiness, i.e., regulatory attempts to convey the trustworthiness of the HHR system and/or its actors. Often, such proxies are assumed to operate as markers that trust exists or, at least, has not been lost. But, since trust can neither be \"built\" nor \"secured,\" this is a precarious assumption. Worryingly, there is no existing theoretical account of how to understand and evaluate these proxies of trustworthiness as part of a trusted HHR ecosystem. To remedy this, the paper argues for a radical reimagining of trust and trustworthiness as performative acts that ought to be understood in relation to each other and by reference to the common values at stake. It is shown that proxies of trustworthiness are the operational tools used to perform trustworthiness. It advocates for a values-based approach to understanding the relationship between trust and trustworthiness. This establishes a strong basis for an evaluative framework for proxies of trustworthiness, i.e., to determine how to perform trustworthiness well. Five common proxies in HHR are scrutinized from a values perspective. The contribution is to provide a far-reaching normative and practical framework by which existing and future proxies of trustworthiness can be identified, assessed, maintained, or replaced in rapidly changing HHR regulatory ecosystems where trust itself is crucial to the success of the entire HHR enterprise.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surrogacy and Adoption: An Empirical Investigation of Public Moral Attitudes. 代孕和收养：公众道德态度的实证调查》。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10343-1

T Baron, E Svingen, R Leyva

{"title":"Surrogacy and Adoption: An Empirical Investigation of Public Moral Attitudes.","authors":"T Baron, E Svingen, R Leyva","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10343-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10343-1","url":null,"abstract":"Surrogacy and adoption are both family-making measures subject to extensive domestic and international regulation. In this nationally representative survey study (N = 1552), we explore public attitudes to various forms of surrogacy and adoption in the United Kingdom, in response to an early proposal to allow \"double donor\" surrogacy as part of the ongoing legal reform project. We sought to both gauge public moral support for adoption and surrogacy generally, the effect that prospective parents' fertility had on this support, and the extent to which the public would find equivalencies between \"double donor\" surrogacy (DDS) and planned private adoption (PPA) to be morally significant. Our findings indicate that whilst there is broad baseline support for all forms of adoption and surrogacy, this support increases significantly when one or both prospective parents are infertile. These findings also suggest that the language in which a family-making arrangement is characterized has a greater influence on moral support for the arrangement than practical features such as the biological relationship (or absence thereof) between one/both parents and the child.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the Doctrine of Double Effect Rhetoric Harms Patients Seeking Voluntary Assisted Dying. 双重效果理论如何伤害寻求自愿辅助死亡的患者？

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10340-4

E Kendal

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Time: Towards Temporal Bioethics. 时间伦理：迈向时间生物伦理学。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10336-0

D Shaw

引用次数: 0

What Is A Family? A Constitutive-Affirmative Account. 什么是家庭？一种构成-肯定的说法。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10339-x

J Y Lee, R Bentzon, E Di Nucci

引用次数: 0

Procreating in an Overpopulated World: Role Moralities and a Climate Crisis. 在人口过剩的世界中生育：角色道德与气候危机》。

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y

Craig Stanbury

{"title":"Procreating in an Overpopulated World: Role Moralities and a Climate Crisis.","authors":"Craig Stanbury","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10338-y","url":null,"abstract":"It is an open question when procreation is justified. Antinatalists argue that bringing a new individual into the world is morally wrong, whereas pronatalists say that creating new life is morally good. In between these positions lie attempts to provide conditions for when taking an anti or pronatal stance is appropriate. This paper is concerned with developing one of these attempts, which can be called qualified pronatalism. Qualified pronatalism typically claims that while procreation can be morally permissible, there are constraints on when it is justified. These constraints often concern whether an individual is motivated to procreate for the right reasons. For instance, if someone is not sufficiently concerned with the child's future welfare, the qualified pronatalist will say that procreation is not justified. Moreover, David Wasserman says that this concern forms a role-based duty. That is, prospective parents have special duties to be concerned for the child's future welfare by virtue of the role they occupy. In this paper, I argue that a proper examination of a prospective parent's role-based duties entails that more is needed to justify procreation. Bringing a new person into the world leaves fewer resources for people who already need them, and the current size of the human population is unsustainable from a planetary point of view. Therefore, even if there is nothing wrong with procreation per se, the external condition of overpopulation, and its ensuing public health issues, plausibly gives rise to a role-based duty that prospective parents must account for when deciding whether to procreate.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents. 父母无需参与青少年的疫苗接种选择。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9

M Brusa, Y M Barilan

{"title":"No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents.","authors":"M Brusa, Y M Barilan","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10252-9","url":null,"abstract":"Parental decision making is necessary for contracting medical interventions that require personal risk-benefit evaluation, and for overseeing matters of education. In the nineteenth century, exemptions from obligatory vaccination were granted for religious and conscientious reasons. Then and today, religion and moral values play marginal roles in vaccine hesitancy and denialism. Rather, the key values invoked by vaccine hesitants and denialists are liberty and pluralism. Neither is compatible with limiting adolescents' choice. Because vaccination does not require assessment of personal medical risks, because it does not need to occur within the sphere of the doctor-patient relationship, and because the risk involved is within the range of their daily activities, adolescents have the right to free access to vaccination without legal requirement of parental involvement. Drawing on the development of Common Law, and on the development of respect for personal conscience in the history of ideas, this paper does not promote an argument that grants public health an overriding moral power. Rather, this paper rejects the presumption that vaccination of adolescents might involve a conflict between parental authority and public health. Free access to vaccination is compatible with the law and ethics of adolescents' evolving autonomy in relation to healthcare.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jewish Ethics of Inmate Vaccines Against COVID-19. 囚犯接种 COVID-19 疫苗的犹太伦理。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x

Tsuriel Rashi

{"title":"Jewish Ethics of Inmate Vaccines Against COVID-19.","authors":"Tsuriel Rashi","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10331-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019, and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which had already led to the deaths of some five million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies announced that they had succeeded in producing an effective vaccine, and after approval by the various regulatory bodies, countries started to vaccinate their citizens. With the start of the global campaign to vaccinate the world's population against COVID-19, debates over the prioritization of different sections of the population began around the world, but the prison population has generally been absent from these discussions.Approach and findings: This article presents the approach of Jewish ethics regarding this issue, that is, that there is a religious and a moral obligation to heal the other and to take care of his or her medical well-being and that this holds true even for a prisoner who has committed a serious crime. Hence, prisoners should be vaccinated according to the same priorities that govern the administration of the vaccine among the general public.Originality: The originality of the article is in a comprehensive and comparative reference between general ethics and Jewish ethics on a subject that has not yet received the proper attention.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Need to Standardize the Reanalysis of Genomic Sequencing Results: Findings from Interviews with Underserved Families in Genomic Research. 基因组测序结果再分析标准化的必要性：对基因组研究中未得到服务的家庭的访谈结果。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2

Simon M Outram, Shannon Rego, Matthew Norstad, Sara Ackerman

{"title":"The Need to Standardize the Reanalysis of Genomic Sequencing Results: Findings from Interviews with Underserved Families in Genomic Research.","authors":"Simon M Outram, Shannon Rego, Matthew Norstad, Sara Ackerman","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10267-2","url":null,"abstract":"The reanalysis of genomic sequencing results has the potential to provide results that are of considerable medical and personal importance to recipients. Employing interviews with forty-seven predominantly medically underserved families and ethnographic observations we argue that there is pressing need to standardize the approach taken to reanalysis. Our findings highlight that study participants were unclear as to the likelihood of reanalysis happening, the process of initiating reanalysis, and whether they would receive revised results. Their reflections mirror the lack a specific focus upon reanalysis within consent and results sessions as observed in clinical settings. Mechanisms need to be put into place that standardize the approach to reanalysis in research and in clinical contexts. This would enable clinicians and genetic counsellors to communicate clearly with research participants with respect to potential for reanalysis of results and the process of reanalysis. We argue that that the role of reanalysis is too important to be referred to in an ad-hoc manner. Furthermore, the ad-hoc nature of the current process may increase health inequities given the likelihood that only those families who have the means to press for reanalysis are likely to receive it.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Parliamentary Inquiry into Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis. 澳大利亚《2021 年线粒体捐赠法律改革（梅芙法）法案》议会调查：定性分析。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4

Jemima W Allen, Christopher Gyngell, Julian J Koplin, Danya F Vears

{"title":"The Parliamentary Inquiry into Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"Jemima W Allen, Christopher Gyngell, Julian J Koplin, Danya F Vears","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10257-4","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Australia became the second jurisdiction worldwide to legalize the use of mitochondrial donation technology. The Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021 allows individuals with a family history of mitochondrial disease to access assisted reproductive techniques that prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial disease. Using inductive content analysis, we assessed submissions sent to the Senate Committee as part of a programme of scientific inquiry and public consultation that informed drafting of the Bill. These submissions discussed a range of bioethical and legal considerations of central importance to the political debate. Significantly, submissions from those with a first-hand experience of mitochondrial disease, including clinicians and those with a family history of mitochondrial disease, were in strong support of this legislation. Those in support of the Bill commended the two-staged approach and rigorous licencing requirements as part of the Bill's implementation strategy. Submissions which outlined arguments against the legislation either opposed the use of these techniques in general or opposed aspects of the implementation strategy in Australia. These findings offer a window into the ethical arguments and perspectives that matter most to those Australians who took part in the Senate inquiry into mitochondrial donation. The insights garnered from these submissions may be used to help refine policy and guidelines as the field progresses.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9975271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0