Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献

Is it Genocide? : Gaza, Ukraine, and Other Crimes Against Humanity.

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10411-6

Paul James

引用次数: 0

An Ethics of Care, Relational Suffering, and Contested Invisible Disability.

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10416-1

Téa Christopoulos, Elizabeth Peter

{"title":"An Ethics of Care, Relational Suffering, and Contested Invisible Disability.","authors":"Téa Christopoulos, Elizabeth Peter","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10416-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10416-1","url":null,"abstract":"Suffering is an elusive aspect of healthcare, erroneously assumed to be located solely within the patient in the clinical encounter-an assumption that fails to acknowledge the pervasiveness of suffering endured by the physician. This flawed perception is morally problematic in the context of treating contested invisible disabilities (CIDs), which are often associated with medical ambiguity and uncertainty. In this paper, we argue for a relational reconceptualization of suffering in the context of CID to promote more effective care and improved physician-patient relationships. We propose, through the lens of an ethics of care, that a relational ontology of suffering makes salient certain aspects of patient-physician relationships that co-produce suffering, such as professional incompetence, empathetic distress, and epistemic and hermeneutic injustice, rendering the experience of having and treating a CID more visible. We then discuss the important implications of this understanding for this invisibly disabled identity and the therapeutic alliance between physician and patient and explore the potential of narrative-based medicine to better equip physicians with the knowledge, guidance, and skill to fulfil their ethical responsibility to care for and respond to not only the suffering of this population, but their own suffering as well.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The New Organization of Ethics Committees in Italy: What is the Future of Clinical Ethics?

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10389-1

Pietro Refolo, Costanza Raimondi, Dario Sacchini, Antonio Gioacchino Spagnolo

{"title":"The New Organization of Ethics Committees in Italy: What is the Future of Clinical Ethics?","authors":"Pietro Refolo, Costanza Raimondi, Dario Sacchini, Antonio Gioacchino Spagnolo","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10389-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10389-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Italy, clinical ethics is not well institutionalized. On February 7, 2023, the Italian Ministry of Health published four long-awaited decrees regarding the reorganization of ethics committees.Aim: The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, we aim to briefly summarize the development of clinical ethics in Italy from a legislative point of view; secondly, we aim to examine how Italian regions are implementing the part of the new decrees on the organization of ethics committees that concerns clinical ethics.Methods: As for the first aim, we conducted a critical interpretive review (CIR). The search was restricted to the opinions offered by the Italian National Bioethics Committee (CNB) and to the major Italian legislative decrees on the topic. Regarding the second aim, we conducted an online search through Regional Official Bulletins of each Italian region.Results: Our analysis showed that despite the recommendations from the CNB to differentiate Research Ethics Committees (RECs) and Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs), over the years legislative attention has mainly focused on RECs and pharmacological matters. The new decrees allow regions to be flexible in organizing their activities. However, it emerged that only four regions (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Puglia, Emilia-Romagna) have split the roles, while all the other regions have entrusted both roles to a single committee.Conclusion: The risk for Italy is to take a step backward in the development of clinical ethics. Possible solutions could be either making Local Ethics Committees (CELs) mandatory or institutionalizing Ethics Consultation services (ECSs).","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biopolitics at the Nexus of Chronic and Infectious Diseases.

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10405-4

N D Brantly

{"title":"Biopolitics at the Nexus of Chronic and Infectious Diseases.","authors":"N D Brantly","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10405-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10405-4","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable (chronic) and communicable (infectious) diseases constitute the leading causes of death worldwide. They appear to impact populations in developed and developing nations differently with changing trends in the landscape of human conditions. Greater understanding of changing disease burdens should influence the planning of health programmes, the implementation of related interventions, and policymaking efforts on a national and global scale. However, the knowledge of disease burdens does not reflect how states and global health organizations prioritize their efforts in addressing them. This work aims to address the discrepancy in public health priority setting by improving our understanding of how the two disease categories impact the human condition. It reviews two case studies, COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes, as representative cases of an infectious and a chronic disease, respectively, to answer the following question. How does biopolitics, as the governance of human bodies, at the nexus of infectious and chronic disease, impact national and global public health priorities? This work contextualizes and reframes the relationship towards disease categories by focusing on three primary themes: risk, current public health interventions, and funding priorities for each case study analysed. It argues that the politics over life at the nexus of chronic and infectious diseases, best conceived as future-oriented economic optimization, directs the efforts of prioritization in healthcare based on risk and responsibility-based relationship between multiple stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

By Their Side, Not on Their Chest: Ethical Arguments to Allow Residential Aged Care Admission Policies to Forego Full Cardiac Resuscitation.

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10401-8

J P Winters, E Hutchinson

{"title":"By Their Side, Not on Their Chest: Ethical Arguments to Allow Residential Aged Care Admission Policies to Forego Full Cardiac Resuscitation.","authors":"J P Winters, E Hutchinson","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10401-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10401-8","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that Aged Residential Care (ARC) facilities should be allowed to create and adopt an informed \"No Chest Compression\" (NCC) policy. Potential residents are informed before admission that staff will not provide chest compressions to a pulseless resident. All residents would receive standard choking care, and a fully discussed advance directive would be utilized to determine if the resident wanted a one-minute trial of rescue breaths (to clear their airway) or utilization of the automatic defibrillator in case of arrest. The benefits of chest compressions for residents in ARC are dubious, and the burdens are high. For frail elderly people without a pulse, chest compressions are arguably unethical because the chance of benefit is minuscule, the procedure is violent, painful, and challenging to perform correctly, and procedures detract from a peaceful end of life. These burdens fall on residents, their families, ARC facilities providers, and society. We further argue that limitations on universal invasive resuscitation, such as advance directives, need to be more consistently sought and applied. The goals of an informed NCC policy are twofold: removing added suffering from a person's end-of-life experience and increasing ARC residents' understanding of the burdens of ineffective treatments for pulselessness.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics that Fails to Regulate War, Ethics that Enhances War. 不能规范战争的道德，增强战争的道德。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10395-3

Alphonso Lingis, Paul Komesaroff

引用次数: 0

Proposal for a UN Peace and Development Fund: A Possible Pathway for Political and Ethical Renewal in the Modern World. 联合国和平与发展基金的建议：现代世界政治和伦理复兴的可能途径。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10367-7

Jeffrey D Sachs, Paul Komesaroff

引用次数: 0

Temporal Aspects of Epistemic Injustice: The Case of Patients with Drug Dependence. 认知不公正的时间方面：药物依赖患者的案例。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10404-5

Sergei Shevchenko, Alexey Zhavoronkov

{"title":"Temporal Aspects of Epistemic Injustice: The Case of Patients with Drug Dependence.","authors":"Sergei Shevchenko, Alexey Zhavoronkov","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10404-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10404-5","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars usually distinguish between testimonial and hermeneutical epistemic injustice in healthcare. The former arises from negative stereotyping and stigmatization, while the latter occurs when the hermeneutical resources of the dominant community are inadequate for articulating the experience of one's illness. However, the heuristics provided by these two types of epistemic predicaments tend to overlook salient forms of epistemic injustice. In this paper, we prove this argument on the example of the temporality of patients with drug dependence. We identify three temporal dimensions of epistemic injustice affecting drug-dependent patients: the temporal features of their cognitive processes, their individual temporal experience, and the mismatch of social temporality. Notably, the last aspect, which highlights the disparity between the availability of care and its accessibility, does not fit neatly into the categories of testimonial or hermeneutical injustice. (We should note that the International Network of People Who Use Drugs (INPUD) and The Asian Network of People who use Drugs (ANPUD) consider the term \"drug addiction\" to be associated with disempowerment and negative stereotyping. Instead, they suggest the expression \"drug dependence\" (INPUD 2020). However, the concept of \"drug addiction\" is still being used in the current public health, philosophy, and sociology debates that concern the specific field of addiction studies. Replacing the notion of drug addiction with \"drug dependence\" would not eliminate existing epistemic injustices or allow us to avoid creating new ones, such as those related to ignoring pain claims (O'Brien 2011). Still, for the sake of clarity we will use the notion \"drug dependence\" when speaking of people while retaining the term \"drug addiction\" for labelling healthcare practices and the topic for philosophy of healthcare.).","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Religion Welcome Here: A Pluriversal Approach to Religion and Global Bioethics. 欢迎宗教来到这里：宗教与全球生命伦理的多元方法。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10410-7

N S Jecker, C A Atuire, V Ravitsky, M Ghaly, V Vaswani, T C Voo

引用次数: 0

Towards an Ethical Analysis of Research in One Health (EAROH). 实现统一健康研究伦理分析 (EAROH)。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10406-3

Zohar Lederman

引用次数: 0