Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第2页

Automating Misrecognition: The Case of Disability. 自动化错误识别：残疾案例。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10462-3

Jackie Leach Scully, Georgia van Toorn, Sandra Gendera

引用次数: 0

Response to: "Justice Before Pluriversality-A Response to Jecker et al." 回应：《多元化之前的正义——对Jecker等人的回应》

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10468-x

Paul A Komesaroff

引用次数: 0

Delegating Responsibilities to Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Challenges and Benefits. 将责任委托给智能自治系统：挑战与利益。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5

Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic, Gianfranco Basti, Tobias Holstein

{"title":"Delegating Responsibilities to Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Challenges and Benefits.","authors":"Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic, Gianfranco Basti, Tobias Holstein","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5","url":null,"abstract":"As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of responsibilities to intelligent autonomous agents and the ethical implications of such practices. Synthesizing recent developments in AI ethics, including concepts of distributed responsibility and ethical AI by design, the paper proposes a functionalist perspective as a framework. This perspective views moral responsibility not as an individual trait but as a role within a socio-technical system, distributed among human and artificial agents. As an example of \"AI ethical by design,\" we present Basti and Vitiello's implementation. They suggest that AI can act as artificial moral agents by learning ethical guidelines and using Deontic Higher-Order Logic to assess decisions ethically. Motivated by the possible speed and scale beyond human supervision and ethical implications, the paper argues for \"AI ethical by design,\" while acknowledging the distributed, shared, and dynamic nature of responsibility. This functionalist approach offers a practical framework for navigating the complexities of AI ethics in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Injury: The Role of Expert Witness Testimony and a Recent Case Development. 摇晃婴儿综合症/虐待性头部损伤：专家证人证词的作用和最近的案件发展。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10422-x

James Tibballs, Neera Bhatia

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Speaking (of) AIs Through the Lens of Natural Language. 从自然语言的角度讲人工智能的伦理学。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7

Marcelo El Khouri Buzato

{"title":"The Ethics of Speaking (of) AIs Through the Lens of Natural Language.","authors":"Marcelo El Khouri Buzato","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical essay offers a critical exploration of the ethics involved in interacting with and talking about large language models (LLMs) of artificial intelligence (AI). The discussion is framed within philosophical post-humanist conceptualizations of the ethical agent, which is understood as a sociocognitive assemblage of human-machine interactions at various scales. The central argument asserts that the morality of texts generated by AI cannot be determined by extracting moral properties from the natural language used in the training corpus. There are inherent limits to how much analysing moral language can contribute to establishing a moral theory or a \"language of mores\" among humans. The essay also examines the ethical implications of current public discourse surrounding the capabilities of LLMs, as well as the ways in which LLM outputs personify the AI model itself. It is proposed that the ethics of LLMs should be approached as an ethics of translating informational patterns of linguistic symbols into multi-layered cultural meanings and vice versa. This includes addressing the opacity of the inner workings of these translations in the model, as well as the public relations practices of the creators. Ultimately, the discussion encourages rethinking the ethical agent as a human-machine sociocognitive hybrid, suggesting the need for a reassessment of what it means to be human and ethical in current AI ethics debates.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humanities Beyond the Disciplines: Imaginative Activism. 超越学科的人文学科：富有想象力的行动主义。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10435-6

Gayatri Chakaravorty Spivak

引用次数: 0

Genome Editing Should Preferably Be Carried Out on Fetuses In Utero Rather Than IVF Embryos. 基因组编辑最好在子宫内的胎儿而不是体外受精胚胎上进行。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10415-2

Alexis Heng Boon Chin, Ningyu Sun, Jiao Yang

引用次数: 0

A Historical Review on the Andalusian Physicians and the Treatment of Mental Health. 安达卢西亚医师与心理健康治疗的历史回顾。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10412-5

H Alotaibi

引用次数: 0

Healthcare Professionals and Unregulated Commercial Surrogacy in China: Ethical and Legal Challenges. 中国医疗专业人员和不受监管的商业代孕：道德和法律挑战。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10451-6

Y Luo, Y Zhang

{"title":"Healthcare Professionals and Unregulated Commercial Surrogacy in China: Ethical and Legal Challenges.","authors":"Y Luo, Y Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10451-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10451-6","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reports from 2023 and 2024 have brought to light alarming instances of healthcare professionals in China being involved in commercial surrogacy arrangements. These cases reveal the dual roles these professionals play: active facilitation, which includes actions such as selling fraudulent birth certificates that contribute to baby trafficking, and passive involvement, where routine medical care is provided to surrogate mothers without full awareness of the surrogacy context. Current regulations in China broadly prohibit surrogacy-related medical activities but fail to differentiate between healthcare professionals who actively facilitate surrogacy arrangements and those who fulfil their professional obligations to patients. Drawing on professional ethics outlined in the revised 2021 Medical Practitioners Law of the People's Republic of China and recent developments in modern slavery scholarship that emphasize the critical role of healthcare professionals in identifying and preventing exploitation, this paper argues that China has an opportunity to clarify and broaden the role of healthcare professionals in the context of surrogacy. Healthcare professionals should not be prohibited from providing medical care to surrogate mothers, provided they are not actively facilitating surrogacy arrangements. Simultaneously, they should be empowered to act as gatekeepers against exploitation. This would be an important step toward enhancing the current regulatory framework, ensuring better protections for children and women involved in surrogacy.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attitudes of Arab Family Caregivers in Israel Toward Robot-Delivered Care For ADL-Dependent (Activities of Daily Living-Dependent) Older People: Identifying Ethical and Social Issues. 以色列阿拉伯家庭看护者对机器人为依赖日常生活的老年人提供护理的态度：确定伦理和社会问题。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10414-3

Hanan AboJabel, Fareeda Abo-Rass

{"title":"Attitudes of Arab Family Caregivers in Israel Toward Robot-Delivered Care For ADL-Dependent (Activities of Daily Living-Dependent) Older People: Identifying Ethical and Social Issues.","authors":"Hanan AboJabel, Fareeda Abo-Rass","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10414-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10414-3","url":null,"abstract":"Older people are often cared for by family caregivers who may experience a variety of challenges. Robots may be helpful. Understanding the attitudes of family caregivers in this context is essential as they are a major factor in robot use. To date, most studies on family caregivers ' attitudes toward robot assistance in elder care have been conducted in East Asian or Western societies, but as such perceptions are affected by culture, in the present study, we investigated the attitudes of Arab family caregivers in Israel. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty Arab family caregivers who provide care to ADL (activities of daily living)-dependent older people. All participants were Muslim and adult children of a person requiring care. The majority (75 per cent) were women, and the average age was fifty-one. Analysis of the interviews revealed two main themes: (1) Attitudes: Most participants strongly objected to the assistance of a robot in caring for older people, and perceived it as a violation of family values; and (2) Reasons for attitudes: Participants preferred human care over robot care due to concerns previously documented among other populations regarding system malfunctions, the risk of loneliness, and lack of technological literacy. We also identified a unique factor: the family 's moral obligation to care for older people. The absolute opposition of family members to the use of a robot in the care of older people requires the development of intervention programmes to increase technological literacy among family caregivers and reduce negative attitudes. These programmes need to address the opportunities and risks associated with the use of robots, and how these risks can be avoided.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0