Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第3页

The Substance View and Cases of Complicated Multifetal Pregnancy. 物质观与并发多胎妊娠案例。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10385-5

P Singh

{"title":"The Substance View and Cases of Complicated Multifetal Pregnancy.","authors":"P Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10385-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10385-5","url":null,"abstract":"I consider cases of multifetal pregnancy in which one fetus with a fatal birth defect poses a risk to the survival of another healthy fetus to show that the substance view anti-abortion position leads to a contradiction. In cases of complicated multifetal pregnancy, if intervention by selective abortion to terminate the defective fetus is not performed, both fetuses will die due to the conditions created by the defective fetus's fatal birth defect. Because abortion is wrong on the anti-abortion position, and a moderate anti-abortion position cannot make an exception for selective abortion in cases of complicated multifetal pregnancy if it operates on the substance view, choosing selective abortion must be wrong, so one must let both fetuses die. However, the substance view anti-abortion position must take letting both fetuses die to be wrong, otherwise it will undermine itself as an anti-abortion position. Further, the substance view provides grounds for why letting fetuses die would be wrong anyway. Thus, the substance view anti-abortion position must take both having an abortion and not having an abortion to be wrong, which is a contradiction. Therefore, cases of complicated multifetal pregnancy show that the substance view anti-abortion position is false.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abortion Ban Advocates and Rape Exception. 堕胎禁令倡导者与强奸例外。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10374-8

Ł Dominiak

{"title":"Abortion Ban Advocates and Rape Exception.","authors":"Ł Dominiak","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10374-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10374-8","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper argues that abortion ban advocates can justify an exception for rape. Recently, Blackshaw offered an interesting argument that if abortion ban advocates modified their position along the lines of Thomson's analysis of rights, they could make an exception for rape. However, doing so would require making concessions they would be unlikely to make, the crucial one being subscribing to an absurd view that abortion in the case of rape is permissible but only if it is performed in a certain way, that is, in a way that withdraws life support from the fetus. Agreeing first with Blackshaw's premises, we argue that the view in question is hardly absurd. Thus, relying on Boonin's acknowledgment that although very rare, a position according to which abortion should be legal but only if it is performed in a way that lets the fetus die rather than kills it is a possible position, we argue, first, that it is Blackshaw's position that is inconsistent, second, that since deontology sees permissibility of a given result as path-dependent, deontologically oriented abortion ban advocates should find the view in question appealing rather than absurd and, third, that although there are indeed scenarios in which withdrawing life support is morally equivalent to killing, extraction abortions in the case of rape are not amongst them. Since in the case of rape the fetus is not entitled to life support, extraction abortions are better classified as permissible non-omissive allowings than impermissible killings. Thus, there is nothing absurd in the view that abortion in the case of rape is permissible but only if it is performed in a certain way. Accordingly, adopting this view does not seem to be much of a concession for abortion ban advocates who can therefore make an exception for rape.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compassionate Principlism: Towards a Novel Alternative to Standard Principlism in Bioethics. 富有同情心的原则主义：生物伦理学中的标准原则主义的新替代方案》（Towards a Novel Alternative to Standard Principlism in Bioethics）。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10373-9

Adam J Braus

引用次数: 0

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) in America: A Novel Bioethical Argument for a Radical Public Health Proposal 美国的肥胖症、代谢综合征和含糖饮料 (SSB)：为激进的公共卫生建议提供新颖的生物伦理学论据

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10369-5

Michael Gentzel

{"title":"Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) in America: A Novel Bioethical Argument for a Radical Public Health Proposal","authors":"Michael Gentzel","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10369-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10369-5","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the associated long-term chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, depression) have reached epidemic levels in the United States and Western nations. In response to this public health calamity, the author of this paper presents and defends a novel bioethical argument: the consistency argument for outlawing SSBs (sugar-sweetened beverages) for child consumption (the “consistency argument”). This argument’s radical conclusion states that the government is justified in outlawing SSBs consumption for child consumption. The reasoning is as follows: if one accepts that the physical harm caused by chronic alcohol consumption justifies the government outlawing alcoholic beverages for child consumption, and there is strong evidence that comparable physical harms result from chronic SSBs consumption, then, mutatis mutandis, the government is also justified in outlawing child consumption of SSBs. To support this argument, the author provides extensive evidence based on epidemiological observational studies, interventional studies, controlled trials, large meta-analyses, and the pathophysiology and biological mechanisms of action behind SSBs and chronic disease. Chronic consumption of large doses of SSBs and alcoholic beverages both drive the same diseases: obesity and insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. Chronic SSB consumption carries the additional risk of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and depression. The author concludes this paper by considering prominent objections to the consistency argument, and then demonstrating that each objection is unsound.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practising Less is More: An Exploration of What it Means to See "This Patient" Not a "Patient Like This". 少即是多：探索看 "这个病人 "而非 "这样的病人 "的意义。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10378-4

M Bobbio, M Chiarlo, P Arcadi, E Kidd

{"title":"Practising Less is More: An Exploration of What it Means to See \"This Patient\" Not a \"Patient Like This\".","authors":"M Bobbio, M Chiarlo, P Arcadi, E Kidd","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10378-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10378-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade literature focused on a \"less is more\" approach has been primarily represented by clinical cases describing the excesses of an aggressive, redundant, non-personalized, and non-respectful medicine. Most of these articles focus on a \"more is worse\" approach and centre around the downstream negative consequences of medical overuse. Having identified a gap in the literature on the experience and practice of less, rather than the harms of excess, we carried out an exploratory qualitative study into how a \"less is more\" approach works in practice. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was adopted to allow us to examine the realm of lived experience as a valid data source and as a path from which to understand a \"less is more\" approach \"from the bedside.\" A Phenomenology of Practice was chosen as a more specific frame for this research because of its added focus on action and practical application in professional settings. Seventy stories written by physicians, patients, nurses, caregivers, and other health professionals have been received and analysed. These stories were gathered as part of a project called \"Slow Stories\" which aimed to collect clinical cases that have been positively resolved by adopting a \"less is more\" approach to patient care. After having conducted an in-depth analysis, separately and as a group, the researchers identified five key phenomenological themes; Time to relate is time to heal; Doing more does not mean doing better; Settings for a slow medicine; Slow care at the end of life; and Personalized vs. standardized treatment. Each of these themes offers insights into how a \"less is more\" approach can be used in practice and illustrates how a \"less is more\" strategy can play a significant role in positively resolving certain clinical cases.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Donation After Circulatory Death following Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatments. Are We Ready to Break the Dead Donor Rule? 停止维持生命治疗后循环死亡的捐献。我们准备好打破死亡捐献者规则了吗？

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10382-8

Sara Patuzzo Manzati, Antonella Galeone, Francesco Onorati, Giovanni Battista Luciani

{"title":"Donation After Circulatory Death following Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatments. Are We Ready to Break the Dead Donor Rule?","authors":"Sara Patuzzo Manzati, Antonella Galeone, Francesco Onorati, Giovanni Battista Luciani","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10382-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10382-8","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental criterion considered essential to deem the procedure of vital organ procurement for transplantation ethical is that the donor must be dead, as per the Dead Donor Rule (DDR). In the case of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD), is the donor genuinely dead? The main aim of this article is to clarify this uncertainty, which primarily arises from the fact that in DCD, death is determined based on cardiac criteria (Circulatory Death, CD), rather than neurological criteria (Brain Death, BD), and that to allow the procurement procedure, physicians reperfuse the organs in an assisted manner. To ensure that the cessation of circulation leads to the irreversible loss of brain functions, DCD regulations require that physicians wait a certain period after CD before commencing vital organ procurement. However, during this \"no-touch period,\" the organs are at risk of damage, potentially rendering them unsuitable for transplantation. When DCD is performed on patients whose CD follows a Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment (WLST) (DCD Maastricht III category), how long should the no-touch period last? Does its existence really make sense? Does beginning the procedure of vital organ procurement immediately after WLST constitute a violation of the DDR that can be ethically justified? The discussion aims to provide arguments in support of the non-absoluteness of the DDR.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humanitarian Action and the Value of Relationships: A Book Review of Chin Ruamps’ The Humanitarian Exit Dilemma 人道主义行动与关系的价值：Chin Ruamps 的《人道主义退出困境》书评

IF 2.4 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10383-7

Isabel Munoz Beaulieu

{"title":"Humanitarian Action and the Value of Relationships: A Book Review of Chin Ruamps’ The Humanitarian Exit Dilemma","authors":"Isabel Munoz Beaulieu","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10383-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10383-7","url":null,"abstract":"“The Humanitarian Exit Dilemma” by Chin Ruamps explores the complex ethical challenges faced by humanitarian organizations when exiting projects in crisis settings, particularly armed conflict situations. The humanitarian exit dilemma arises in contexts where humanitarian assistance may generate an overall negative, rather than positive impact on affected populations due to potential entanglement in conflict situations. Yet, the book rejects a simplistic consequentialist account that focuses on maximizing harm-reduction and proposes a refreshing values-focused perspective. The book’s values-focused perspective emphasizes the importance of special relationships, distinct dependence, and reasonable expectations as essential considerations in the decision-making process on whether humanitarian organizations should stay and remain engaged or exit the conflict setting. In addition, the book proposes new humanitarian principles organizations could adopt, including the principles of vulnerability, causality, appropriateness, trust, and culpability. Humanitarian practitioners and policymakers, as well as (bio)ethicists, will find compelling insights of real-world policy on how value-based considerations can be incorporated when dealing with difficult trade-offs for vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organ Markets, Options, and an Over-Inclusiveness Objection: On Rippon's Argument. 器官市场、选择权和过度包容的异议：关于里彭的论点。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x

J Damgaard Thaysen, J Sønderholm

{"title":"Organ Markets, Options, and an Over-Inclusiveness Objection: On Rippon's Argument.","authors":"J Damgaard Thaysen, J Sønderholm","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human organs available for transplant are in short supply. One way to increase the supply of organs consists in legalizing a live donor market. Such a market is, however, controversial. This article is about an objection to live donor organ markets made by Simon Rippon. Rippon's objection is that the presence of a market option creates new social and legal pressures that harm the poor. Legalizing the option of selling your organs transforms into a harmful, and morally indefensible, social, and legal pressure to sell on the financially desperate. This article defends the conclusion that Rippon's argument fails as an objection to live donor organ markets. It fails because it has implausibly expansive implications about which markets are morally problematic. In short, Rippon's argument proves too much. Sections one and two introduce Rippon's argument. Sections three and four contain the argument against Rippon. The main argumentative move is that the features of an organ market that, according to Rippon, justify a ban on such a market are features that also characterize several other markets that are normally considered unproblematic, for example, markets where individuals sell their labour abroad in jobs that are dangerous. So, if an organ market should be legally impermissible, so should these labour markets. Section five considers several objections to the argument against Rippon. It is argued that these objections fail. Section six is a conclusion that sums up the findings of the article.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioinformation and Identity Interests: A Book Review of Emily Postan's Embodied Narratives. 生物信息与身份利益：艾米莉-波斯坦（Emily Postan）的《化身叙事》书评。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10384-6

Muriel Leuenberger

引用次数: 0

Personhood Begins at Birth: The Rational Foundation for Abortion Policy in a Secular State. 人格始于出生：世俗国家堕胎政策的合理基础》。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10352-0

L Lewis Wall, Douglas Brown

{"title":"Personhood Begins at Birth: The Rational Foundation for Abortion Policy in a Secular State.","authors":"L Lewis Wall, Douglas Brown","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10352-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10352-0","url":null,"abstract":"The struggle over legal abortion access in the United States is a religious controversy, not a scientific debate. Religious activists who believe that meaningful individual life (i.e., \"personhood\") begins at a specific \"moment-of-conception\" are attempting to pass laws that force this view upon all pregnant persons, irrespective of their medical circumstances, individual preferences, or personal religious beliefs. This paper argues that such actions promote a constitutionally prohibited \"establishment of religion.\" Abortion policy in a secular state must be based upon scientifically accurate biology, not unprovable theological presuppositions. The scientific facts regarding human pregnancy do not support the position that personhood begins with fertilization-at which point a pregnancy does not yet even exist. Abortion policy should regard the embryo/fetus as part of the pregnant individual's body until delivery. We argue that individual \"personhood\" only begins when the latent potentialities of the fetal nervous system are actualized in the newborn after delivery. The paper argues that instantiating non-scientific beliefs concerning embryonic/fetal \"personhood\" into the law as the basis for abortion policy establishes a state-sponsored religion. The protection of religious liberty requires that abortion be decriminalized. Abortion should be treated like any other medical procedure and regulated similarly. To protect both religious freedom and sound medical practice, individual legal personhood should be recognized as beginning only at birth.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0