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Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献

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Challenges in Paediatric Xenotransplantation: Ethical Components Requiring Distinct Attention in Children and Obligations to Patients and Society. 儿科异种移植的挑战：需要特别关注儿童的伦理因素以及对患者和社会的义务。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10377-5
Anthony Merlocco, Daniel J Hurst
{"title":"Challenges in Paediatric Xenotransplantation: Ethical Components Requiring Distinct Attention in Children and Obligations to Patients and Society.","authors":"Anthony Merlocco, Daniel J Hurst","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10377-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10377-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transplantation of non-human organs into humans, or xenotransplantation (XTx), has recently garnered new attention and is being developed to help address the problem of organ scarcity in transplantation. Ethical issues surrounding XTx have been studied since initial interest arose decades ago and have experienced renewed discussion in the literature. However, the distinct and relevant differences when applied to children has largely been overlooked with few groups attending to the concerns that XTx in children raises. In this paper, we explore ethical challenges to be expected in paediatric XTx, in particular exploring organ sizing concerns, infectious risks, psychological burdens, and issues of moral hazard. We review these domains with the aim of highlighting the implications of pursuing paediatric XTx and the cross-disciplinary approach needed to solve these issues. Children require a unique analysis from a bioethical perspective to best prepare for the issues XTx presents.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Justice Before Pluriversality-A Response to Jecker et al. 正义先于多元化——对Jecker等人的回应。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10444-5
Zohar Lederman
{"title":"Justice Before Pluriversality-A Response to Jecker et al.","authors":"Zohar Lederman","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10444-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-025-10444-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"457-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspectives on Spare Embryos amongst IVF users: An Exploratory Study from a Selected District of the Southern Indian State of Karnataka. 试管婴儿用户对备用胚胎的看法：印度南部卡纳塔克邦选定地区的探索性研究。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10359-7
Salik Ansari, Ravi Vaswani
{"title":"Perspectives on Spare Embryos amongst IVF users: An Exploratory Study from a Selected District of the Southern Indian State of Karnataka.","authors":"Salik Ansari, Ravi Vaswani","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10359-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10359-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perspectives of IVF users on their spare embryos is a less explored subject in the Indian context despite the country's population and abundance of IVF clinics. We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews in a selected district of the Indian state of Karnataka. Seven individuals were recruited independently of any assistance from an IVF clinic. The interviews explored participants' knowledge and perception of the spare embryos using a set of guiding questions exploring the theme of the informed consent process, views on research, preferences for embryo donation, the role of family and the dynamics of decision-making, amongst other things. The interviews were qualitatively analysed using Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory approach. Our findings reveal that the participants do not learn about the prospects of spare embryos from the very start of their IVF journeys, and they may not be informed about the various options available to decide the fate of the spare embryos. Irrespective of their views on research and moral perceptions of embryos, participants expressed a sense of responsibility and ownership towards their embryos and a general reluctance to donate them. Our findings have implications for guiding future inquiries on this subject, which can better the informed consent process and unravel the role of ownership in the ethics of spare embryos in the Indian context.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religion Welcome Here: A Pluriversal Approach to Religion and Global Bioethics. 欢迎宗教来到这里：宗教与全球生命伦理的多元方法。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10410-7
N S Jecker, C A Atuire, V Ravitsky, M Ghaly, V Vaswani, T C Voo
{"title":"Religion Welcome Here: A Pluriversal Approach to Religion and Global Bioethics.","authors":"N S Jecker, C A Atuire, V Ravitsky, M Ghaly, V Vaswani, T C Voo","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10410-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10410-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper sets forth and defends a pluriversal approach to religion in the context of an increasingly global bioethics. Section I introduces a pluriversal view as a normative technique for engaging across difference. A normative pluriversal approach sets five constraints: civility, change from within, justice, non-domination, and tolerance. Section II applies a pluriversal approach to religion. It argues that this approach is epistemically just, recognizes diverse standpoints, and represents a productive, preferred, way to tackle global bioethics concerns. Section II also considers an opposing viewpoint, which holds that religious perspectives have no place in bioethics. We show that this viewpoint would have adverse effects on bioethics publishing, conferencing, and training programmes. The paper concludes (in Section III) that bioethicists should engage with people who hold different worldviews, including religious worldviews, and should do so in accordance with pluriversal ethical constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"381-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental Authority and the Weight of Assent: Navigating Moral Dilemmas in Adolescent End of Life Care. 父母权威和同意的重量：在青少年临终关怀中导航道德困境。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10417-0
A L Heifner, M M Ortiz, T L Major-Kincade, C O'Connor
{"title":"Parental Authority and the Weight of Assent: Navigating Moral Dilemmas in Adolescent End of Life Care.","authors":"A L Heifner, M M Ortiz, T L Major-Kincade, C O'Connor","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10417-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10417-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though the idea of assent emerged in the 1980s and adaptation in paediatrics has become more common practice, adolescent end-of-life care adds a multi-faceted layer of increased complexity to the assent process. In the current era of moral pluralism, medical decisions must account for much more than clinical considerations: they must abide by legal standards of decision-making which usually prioritize parental preferences. In the case of an adolescent at the end of life, there remains much room for improvement when disagreements arise. Conflict abounds between the parent or other legal decision-maker and healthcare team in situations where the parent prefers not to disclose the severity of the adolescent's illness or the healthcare team believes continuing lifesaving therapies are not in the adolescent's best interest. These dilemmas challenge how we solicit adolescents' preferences (assent) and their options for refusal (dissent). Disagreements create tension and weaken communication between the family and providers. Healthcare workers struggle to fulfil their professional obligations and retain their professional identities when values collide. We explore the moral distress healthcare workers face navigating conflict amongst various stakeholders involved in the adolescent's end-of-life care. Strategies to minimize moral distress are also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delegating Responsibilities to Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Challenges and Benefits. 将责任委托给智能自治系统：挑战与利益。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5
Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic, Gianfranco Basti, Tobias Holstein
{"title":"Delegating Responsibilities to Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Challenges and Benefits.","authors":"Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic, Gianfranco Basti, Tobias Holstein","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10428-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of responsibilities to intelligent autonomous agents and the ethical implications of such practices. Synthesizing recent developments in AI ethics, including concepts of distributed responsibility and ethical AI by design, the paper proposes a functionalist perspective as a framework. This perspective views moral responsibility not as an individual trait but as a role within a socio-technical system, distributed among human and artificial agents. As an example of \"AI ethical by design,\" we present Basti and Vitiello's implementation. They suggest that AI can act as artificial moral agents by learning ethical guidelines and using Deontic Higher-Order Logic to assess decisions ethically. Motivated by the possible speed and scale beyond human supervision and ethical implications, the paper argues for \"AI ethical by design,\" while acknowledging the distributed, shared, and dynamic nature of responsibility. This functionalist approach offers a practical framework for navigating the complexities of AI ethics in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Injury: The Role of Expert Witness Testimony and a Recent Case Development. 摇晃婴儿综合症/虐待性头部损伤：专家证人证词的作用和最近的案件发展。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10422-x
James Tibballs, Neera Bhatia
{"title":"Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Injury: The Role of Expert Witness Testimony and a Recent Case Development.","authors":"James Tibballs, Neera Bhatia","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10422-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10422-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The triad of clinical signs, (extensive bilateral retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma, and encephalopathy) is regarded by some expert witnesses as pathognomonic proof that an infant was deliberately shaken and head injured (shaken baby syndrome / abusive head injury). However, that view is controversial since scientific evidence does not support the diagnostic accuracy of the triad. In contrast to previous cases, a Victorian Supreme Court jury found an accused not guilty of homicide of a one-month-old infant afflicted with the triad. Prosecution witnesses were heavily criticized for failing to provide impartial testimony and to abide by Supreme Court expert evidence rules. We argue that there is a need to reassess the manner in which expert witness testimony is considered by the courts in shaken baby cases where injury has caused the death of the infant.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Speaking (of) AIs Through the Lens of Natural Language. 从自然语言的角度讲人工智能的伦理学。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7
Marcelo El Khouri Buzato
{"title":"The Ethics of Speaking (of) AIs Through the Lens of Natural Language.","authors":"Marcelo El Khouri Buzato","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10426-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This theoretical essay offers a critical exploration of the ethics involved in interacting with and talking about large language models (LLMs) of artificial intelligence (AI). The discussion is framed within philosophical post-humanist conceptualizations of the ethical agent, which is understood as a sociocognitive assemblage of human-machine interactions at various scales. The central argument asserts that the morality of texts generated by AI cannot be determined by extracting moral properties from the natural language used in the training corpus. There are inherent limits to how much analysing moral language can contribute to establishing a moral theory or a \"language of mores\" among humans. The essay also examines the ethical implications of current public discourse surrounding the capabilities of LLMs, as well as the ways in which LLM outputs personify the AI model itself. It is proposed that the ethics of LLMs should be approached as an ethics of translating informational patterns of linguistic symbols into multi-layered cultural meanings and vice versa. This includes addressing the opacity of the inner workings of these translations in the model, as well as the public relations practices of the creators. Ultimately, the discussion encourages rethinking the ethical agent as a human-machine sociocognitive hybrid, suggesting the need for a reassessment of what it means to be human and ethical in current AI ethics debates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soldier Enhancement, Consent, and Long-Term Care: The Super Soldier Perspective. 士兵的增强，同意和长期护理：超级士兵的观点。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10397-1
Jovana Davidovic, Forrest S Crowell
{"title":"Soldier Enhancement, Consent, and Long-Term Care: The Super Soldier Perspective.","authors":"Jovana Davidovic, Forrest S Crowell","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10397-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10397-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-convergent enhancements for soldiers are becoming increasingly inevitable. Medical professionals, bioethicists, lawyers, and neuroscientists are increasingly aware of the potential for these enhancements to raise significant ethical issues, especially around issues of consent and responsibility for long-term care. This has, in the last few years, led to an increase in research on the ethics of soldier enhancements. The literature on this issue has rightly leveraged decades of bioethics, medical ethics, and research ethics literature. What is missing however from the literature is the perspective of the potential subjects of such enhancements, namely members of special operations forces. This paper seeks to fill this gap, by first arguing that subjective views of special operations members matter for ethical questions and then by reporting results of our interview-based qualitative study on United States Special Operations Forces' perspectives on consent and long-term care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silently Navigating Ethical Paradoxes in the Israel-Hamas Conflict: A Short Note. 在以色列-哈马斯冲突中悄然应对伦理悖论：简短说明。
IF 1.8 3区 哲学
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10348-w
Zvi Bekerman
{"title":"Silently Navigating Ethical Paradoxes in the Israel-Hamas Conflict: A Short Note.","authors":"Zvi Bekerman","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10348-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10348-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I embark on the writing of this short note not as an expert in ethics or a seasoned war analyst but rather as an involved observer nudged into the spotlight by a colleague's overestimation of my insight into the Israel-Hamas conflict. I approach this task with scepticism yet hoping to morph it into a form of therapy. My own therapy, a means to break the shackles of silence that have gripped not only myself but, I suspect, many others in Israel.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"57-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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