Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第7页

Discrimination, Age, and Women's Access to Assisted Reproduction. 歧视、年龄和妇女获得辅助生殖的机会。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10601-4

T S Petersen

{"title":"Discrimination, Age, and Women's Access to Assisted Reproduction.","authors":"T S Petersen","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10601-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10601-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether the age restriction used in several countries to regulate women's access to assisted reproduction constitutes wrongful discrimination. The focus is on how age restrictions, whether in the law or in fertility practices, differ between men and women and between younger and older women. It will be argued that these laws and practices wrongly discriminate against women who, because of their age and sex, do not have access to assisted reproduction. Four reasons for why this kind of discrimination is morally wrong are then presented. In the main part of the paper, three arguments in favour of the view that this kind of discriminatory/differential treatment is morally acceptable will be critically discussed. The arguments are based on the following moral factors: paternalistic reasons to protect women's well-being; protecting the interests of the child; and moral concerns about optimizing the use of scarce resources within public healthcare. The paper concludes that all these three arguments are morally flawed and ultimately that there should be no age limits for women's access to assisted reproduction because such rules are both examples of morally problematic age and sex discrimination.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Instrumentalized Bodies, Moralized Pregnancy : A Feminist Bioethical Comparison of China and the United States. 工具化的身体，道德化的怀孕：中美女性主义生命伦理比较。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10606-z

Yuxin Dai, Changhui Wu

{"title":"Instrumentalized Bodies, Moralized Pregnancy : A Feminist Bioethical Comparison of China and the United States.","authors":"Yuxin Dai, Changhui Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10606-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10606-z","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares reproductive governance in China and the United States from a feminist bioethical perspective, drawing on theories of relational autonomy and reproductive justice. In China, whether restricting or encouraging births, the state treats women's reproductive capacity as a demographic resource and restructures family relationships into channels of policy enforcement, eroding the relational foundations of women's autonomy. In restrictive American states after the Dobbs decision, a particular moral position on foetal life is encoded into law, overriding medical judgment and isolating women from supportive relationships through legal threat. Despite different political systems and justifications, both contexts produce a shared outcome: women are depersonalized, treated as instruments of policy or symbols in moral conflicts rather than as persons in their own right. This comparison reveals that patriarchal control over reproduction adapts across different regimes. The paper concludes by proposing \"reproductive enablement\" as a normative framework, arguing that states should support the relational and material conditions necessary for genuine reproductive self-determination.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patient Objectification in Psychiatry. 精神病学中的病人客观化。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10600-5

Eisuke Sakakibara

{"title":"Patient Objectification in Psychiatry.","authors":"Eisuke Sakakibara","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10600-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10600-5","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatry is characterized by several distinctive features: (1) it sometimes provides treatment against a patient's will or preferences; (2) it intervenes in patients' minds through physico-chemical means, such as psychotropic medication; (3) it treats patients' utterances not as reports of facts but as signs of illness; and (4) it may attribute patients' inappropriate words or actions to mental disorder, thereby exempting them from the responsibility ordinarily borne by a moral agent. This paper reexamines the ethical unease inherent in these psychiatric practices through the lens of patient objectification and investigates the conditions under which such objectification may be justified. Within feminist theory, objectification has been analysed as a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing at least ten aspects, including: instrumentality, denial of autonomy, inertness, fungibility, violability, ownership, denial of subjectivity, reduction to body, reduction to appearance, and silencing. Building on this framework, this paper examines objectification in medicine more generally by distinguishing four domains: decision-making, therapeutic intervention, information gathering, and the psychological defence of medical staff. Psychiatry likewise involves patient objectification across these domains. However, because the symptoms of mental disorder extend into capacities central to agency-namely beliefs, emotions, and actions-psychiatric objectification stands in especially strong tension with respect for persons. Nevertheless, it cannot be regarded as uniformly impermissible. Mental disorders can impair the capacities that underpin personhood, and psychiatry aims at treating such impairments. Objectification can therefore be justified when it is undertaken for the patient's benefit, supported by sufficient justification, and restricted to the minimum necessary extent.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Community of Those Who Have Nothing But Cancer in Common. 那些只有癌症的人的共同社区。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10597-x

Matthew P Grant, Jennifer Philip, Paul A Komesaroff

引用次数: 0

Retractions in Psychology and Psychiatry in Web of Science : A Bioethical Perspective. 科学网络中心理学和精神病学的撤稿：一个生物伦理的视角。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10581-5

Oriana Arellano-Faúndez, Chiara Saracini, Maria T Muñoz-Quezada

{"title":"Retractions in Psychology and Psychiatry in Web of Science : A Bioethical Perspective.","authors":"Oriana Arellano-Faúndez, Chiara Saracini, Maria T Muñoz-Quezada","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10581-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-026-10581-5","url":null,"abstract":"A steadfast commitment to scientific integrity should be a fundamental quality of all researchers and is central to their pursuit of knowledge for societal benefit. Failure to uphold this integrity can have serious consequences for the researchers involved and the wider community, as demonstrated by scientific publications that report data or results derived from questionable and unethical practices. This study aimed to evaluate retraction rates in scientific literature within the fields of psychiatry and psychology. Using a bibliometric approach, the study analysed retracted articles indexed in the Web of Science over the past ten years, identifying integrity issues in the fields of psychology and psychiatry and categorizing retractions by year, country, journal, category, and index. The results show that, although the number of retractions in psychology and psychiatry has increased, they still represent a smaller proportion of the total number of retractions than other scientific disciplines. In many cases, the reason for retraction is scientific misconduct (65.56 per cent), with only 23.33 per cent of retractions initiated for honest errors. Most of the time (52.22 per cent), editors initiate the retraction. We discuss these results, paying particular attention to the direct and indirect harm caused to individuals in line with the ethical principle of non-maleficence. This highlights the importance of avoiding the citation of retracted publications as evidence in decision-making processes related to mental health interventions.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disturbing Bioarchives: The Case For a Hauntological Ethics. 令人不安的生物档案：鬼魂伦理学的案例。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10594-0

Margrit Shildrick

{"title":"Disturbing Bioarchives: The Case For a Hauntological Ethics.","authors":"Margrit Shildrick","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10594-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-026-10594-0","url":null,"abstract":"What is our responsibility to the absent presence of the dead and what is the nature of the encounter with those who persist in haunting us, not through personal memories but as ungraspable remainders of lives past? I approach the issue through a reflection on bioarchives, not as places of either continuing medical education or of somewhat voyeuristic curiosity but as sites that increasingly demand that we consider what kind of response is owed. In employing a hauntological ethics that refuses the distinction between the putative passivity of seemingly inanimate matter and the agency of vibrant life, the binaries of past and present; past, present, and future; living and non-living; and absence and presence are all rendered uncertain evoking instead a non-linear temporality. I offer a philosophically based review using Derrida's notion of spectrality and hauntology and the Deleuzian sense of all life as a dynamic assemblage without beginning or end, before turning to a tentative exploration of the potential of bioart as a possible bridging point to a new imaginary. In each mode, the task is to attempt an ethical reconception of the bioarchives without expectation of any final resolution. The immediate reference point is the current reappraisal in many medical institutions and museums of the status of historical biomaterials, including the preserved bones and tissues of the dead and the wax moulages taken from the diseased bodies of social outcasts.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148726241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics and Inequities in the Context of Urgency : A Qualitative Study With Stakeholders on COVID-19 Decision-Making in Germany and Israel. 紧急背景下的道德与不公平：德国和以色列与利益攸关方关于COVID-19决策的定性研究。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10573-5

Verina Wild, Sylvia Agbih, Keren Landsman, Quintus Sleumer, Angus Dawson, Jan-Christoph Heilinger

{"title":"Ethics and Inequities in the Context of Urgency : A Qualitative Study With Stakeholders on COVID-19 Decision-Making in Germany and Israel.","authors":"Verina Wild, Sylvia Agbih, Keren Landsman, Quintus Sleumer, Angus Dawson, Jan-Christoph Heilinger","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10573-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10573-5","url":null,"abstract":"Urgent decision-making during the early COVID-19 pandemic raised complex ethical challenges, in particular concerning how to reach and include marginalized populations. To examine these issues, we conducted a qualitative study based on twenty-three semi-structured interviews with pandemic decision-makers and representatives of marginalized populations in Germany and Israel, focusing on decisions made in 2020 before vaccines were available. Key ethical themes emerged, including decision-making with ethical relevance under intense time pressure, the dominance of biomedical framings often at the expense of social considerations, inadequate attention to populations in bio-psycho-socially vulnerable positions, and the exclusion of stakeholders from decision-making processes. These findings have critical normative significance, highlighting issues of justice in the distribution of burdens and benefits, underscoring the importance of epistemic humility in acknowledging uncertainty and diverse forms of expertise, and affirming the moral obligation to integrate considerations of psycho-social vulnerabilities into public health. To inform future policy, we recommend establishing equitable governance structures to ensure broader stakeholder representation, implementing inclusive communication strategies to reach marginalized groups, and strengthening ethically informed crisis preparedness. Such measures can better align urgent public health decision-making with principles of justice, protection from harm, inclusion, and moral responsibility.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Objectionable Solidarity and Fractures in the Ethics of Global Health Solidarity : The Curse of COVID 19 Vaccine Donations Gone Awry. 令人反感的团结和全球卫生团结伦理的断裂：COVID - 19疫苗捐赠的诅咒出错。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10602-3

George R Chingarande

{"title":"Objectionable Solidarity and Fractures in the Ethics of Global Health Solidarity : The Curse of COVID 19 Vaccine Donations Gone Awry.","authors":"George R Chingarande","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10602-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10602-3","url":null,"abstract":"Solidarity plays an important role in response to pandemics, natural disasters, and humanitarian crises. It has both an intrinsic and instrumental value in global health. However, it can result in unintended consequences when not practiced properly. When the unintended consequences of acts of solidarity are perceived by the intended beneficiaries to be so unacceptable that they are spurned, such solidarity is objectionable. This paper introduces the concept of objectionable solidarity and illustrates its global bioethical implications using the example of COVID-19 vaccine donations. Objectionable solidarity raises bioethical concerns including avoidable mortality, erosion of trust in health systems, and unjust distribution of life-saving resources. The argument then traces the roots of objectionable solidarity to fractures in the ethics of global health solidarity, and discusses the triggers of objectionable solidarity. Finally, this paper employs examples from Afro-Caribbean approaches to COVID-19 vaccine solidarity-such as reciprocity, sacrificidality, noblesse oblige, cooperativity, and simultaneity-as bases on which guidelines for navigating the ethics of global health solidarity in pandemic settings can be built.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Expressivist Defence of Conscientious Objection in Physician-Assisted Dying. 医生协助死亡中良心反对的表现主义辩护。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10590-4

Weian Zhong

{"title":"An Expressivist Defence of Conscientious Objection in Physician-Assisted Dying.","authors":"Weian Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10590-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10590-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the \"expressivist objection\" to physician-assisted dying (PAD) laws, which argues that limiting eligibility to terminal or incurable conditions expresses a discriminatory message devaluing such patients' lives. It critiques three common responses-abolishing PAD, removing medical criteria, and consequentialist justification-as inadequate. Instead, the author proposes that legally protecting healthcare professionals' conscientious objection can counterbalance this expressive harm. By accommodating conscientious objectors, the legal system actively affirms that the lives of incurably or terminally ill patients remain worthy of respect and preservation. This expressivist rationale grounds conscientious objection as a legal right rather than a mere permission, offering a key mechanism to address the moral residue generated by PAD legislation. Furthermore, this expressivist rationale addresses concerns about the reasonableness, genuineness, and professional ethics of conscientious objection. Finally, the paper provides a principled defence of conscience protections that preserves value pluralism without undermining access to PAD or abandoning the clinical foundations of PAD.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Narrative Review of Surgical Consent in Older Populations: Complexities and Potential Solutions. 老年人群手术同意的叙述性回顾：复杂性和潜在的解决方案。

IF 2.1 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-026-10580-6

Christopher Dandolo, Ei Kyar Phyu, Carmelle Peisah

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Surgical Consent in Older Populations: Complexities and Potential Solutions.","authors":"Christopher Dandolo, Ei Kyar Phyu, Carmelle Peisah","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10580-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10580-6","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining best practice around surgical consent is a core competency, yet in caring for older patients, it can be particularly challenging to meet these standards. Our research question was: In the context of obtaining surgical consent for older people, what are the barriers to, and enablers of, best practice? A literature review was undertaken, using RAMESES (Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses) methodology, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Medline and CINAHL databases, supplemented by reference list searches. Four major themes with subthemes emerged: 1. Complexities: (i) Factors affecting decision-making capacity; (ii) Patient Comprehension; (iii) The doctor-patient relationship and barriers to autonomy; (iv) Ethical issues at stake; 2. Gaps between theory and practice: (i) Lack of proper documentation; (ii) Patient resistance resulting in coercion and restraint; (iii) Proper practice in the emergency context; 3. Reasons for gaps between theory and practice: (i) Lack of knowledge and training: physician misconceptions; (ii) Guesstimates of cognition don't work; (4) Potential solutions: (i) Promoting patient autonomy; (ii) General communication strategies; (iii) Person-centred education step. Notwithstanding a limited yield, this review has identified several pitfalls and practical strategies for promoting human-rights and autonomy; avoiding coercion and restraint in this complex setting.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0