Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第7页

Family-Oriented Living Organ Donation in Bangladesh: A Bioethical Defence. 孟加拉国以家庭为导向的活体器官捐赠：生物伦理辩护。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z

S Siraj

{"title":"Family-Oriented Living Organ Donation in Bangladesh: A Bioethical Defence.","authors":"S Siraj","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on issues related to living organ donation for transplantation in Bangladesh. The policy and practice of living organ donation for transplantation in Bangladesh is family-oriented: close relatives (legal and genetic) are the only ones allowed to be living donors. Unrelated donors, altruistic donors (directed and non-directed), and paired/pooled or non-directed altruistic living donor chains-as many of these are implemented in other countries-are not legally allowed to serve as living donors in Bangladesh. This paper presents normative arguments explaining why the family-oriented nature of regulations and practices surrounding living organ donation for transplantation is essential for Bangladesh. In this article, I specifically argue that if the Bangladesh government revises the current biomedical policy robustly beyond relatives and allows unrelated donors to donate organs legally, this may foster organ selling due to the poverty and corruption problems in Bangladesh. The family-oriented requirement of the living organ donation policy and practice is defensible and morally justifiable as it preserves common notions of the family unit and family bonding in Bangladesh. Maintaining the current living-donation regulations and promoting deceased donation is the way forward, as this safely preserves the family values, protects against organ selling, and increases access to organ transplantation.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"415-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ageing President, Betty Draper, Mad Men, and Realistic Medicine. 《老去的总统》、《贝蒂·德雷珀》、《广告狂人》和《现实医学》。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10408-1

Michael A Ashby

引用次数: 0

Deontological Guilt and Moral Distress as Diametrically Opposite Phenomena: A Case Study of Three Clinicians. 道义上的内疚和道德上的苦恼是截然相反的现象：对三位临床医生的个案研究。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4

Y Bokek-Cohen, I Marey-Sarwan, M Tarabeih

{"title":"Deontological Guilt and Moral Distress as Diametrically Opposite Phenomena: A Case Study of Three Clinicians.","authors":"Y Bokek-Cohen, I Marey-Sarwan, M Tarabeih","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4","url":null,"abstract":"Feelings of guilt are human emotions that may arise if a person committed an action that contradicts basic moral mores or failed to commit an action that is considered moral according to their ethical standards and values. Psychological scholarship distinguishes between altruistic guilt (AG) and deontological guilt (DG). AG results from having caused harm to an innocent victim, either by acting or failing to act, whereas DG is caused by violating a moral principle. Although physicians may be expected to experience frequent feelings of guilt in their demanding and intensive work, it is surprising to find that this issue has not been explored in the professional literature on medical ethics. To that end, we conducted a qualitative study that included personal in-depth interviews with Sunni Muslim gynaecologists. These doctors provide underground infertility care and perform religiously forbidden treatments involving sex selection and gamete donation. They opened their hearts and spoke about the emotionally taxing pangs of conscience they suffer. Analysing their narratives led us to characterize their feelings of guilt as DG. We discuss the causes for their plight and the way they cope with it, compare DG to the concept of moral distress, and call for future research on clinicians' feelings of guilt and pangs of conscience.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"449-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa. 在马来西亚生物伦理论述中应用 "利益 "与 "伤害 "的概念：马来西亚法特瓦分析。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z

Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun

{"title":"Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa.","authors":"Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid developments in science and technology have resulted in novel discoveries, leading to new questions particularly related to human values and ethics. Every discovery and technology has positive and negative implications and affects human lives either directly or indirectly, involving all walks of life. Bioethical discourse in Malaysia must consider the multiracial and multireligious background of Malaysia and especially the Islamic view as the majority of Malaysians are Muslims and Islam is the religion of the federation. This article discusses several selected bioethical issues in Malaysia by studying the application of maṣlaḥah (the public good) and mafsadah (evil and harms) in Malaysian Islamic rulings (fatwas). This article uses the critical interpretation approach, as this is an ethical, interpretive, textual, and contextual analysis. In a situation when there is a conflict between maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah, it is preferred to attempt to address both needs. However, if maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah are mutually exclusive, the decision to choose must be made by weighing (tarjīḥ) and choosing the one which is superior. The maṣlaḥah and mafsadah concepts play vital and significant roles in bioethical discourse to realize human essential interests, namely faith, life, lineage, intellect, and property, thus achieving maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (the ultimate goal of sharia). This concept helps in guiding bioethical discussions, especially in determining the priority between achieving benefits and avoiding harms. The application of this concept will also assist Malaysian authorities in formulating appropriate rulings, especially bioethical issues related to Malaysian Muslims' lives.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "Bystander at the Switch" Revisited? Ethical Implications of the Government Strategies Against COVID-19. 重新审视 "开关旁观者"？政府针对 COVID-19 所采取策略的伦理意义。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10328-6

S Stelios, K N Konstantakis, P G Michaelides

引用次数: 0

Ethical Challenges in Oral Healthcare Services Provided by Non-Governmental Organizations for Refugees in Germany. 德国非政府组织为难民提供口腔保健服务的伦理挑战。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7

R Kozman, K M Mussie, B Elger, I Wienand, F Jotterand

{"title":"Ethical Challenges in Oral Healthcare Services Provided by Non-Governmental Organizations for Refugees in Germany.","authors":"R Kozman, K M Mussie, B Elger, I Wienand, F Jotterand","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7","url":null,"abstract":"Oral healthcare is attracting much attention after decades of neglect from policymakers. Recent studies have shown a strong association between oral and overall health, which can lead to serious health problems. Availability of oral healthcare services is an essential part of ensuring universal healthcare coverage. More importantly, current gaps in its accessibility by minority or marginalized population groups are crucial public health as well as ethical concerns. One notable effort to address this issue comes from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), which offer oral healthcare services for non-insured refugees. However, the challenge remains that these care services are not comprehensive, which has implications for the refugees' oral and general health. In this article, we discuss this complex issue in the German healthcare context by including ethical reflections. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the ethical challenges related to oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany. First, we will introduce the general oral healthcare context worldwide and in Germany. Second, we will provide a general description of the oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany, as well as an overview of existing gaps. This will provide us with the context for our third and most important task-discussing the ethical implications of the gaps. In doing so, and since the ethical implications can be several, we demarcate the scope of our analysis by focusing on the specific ethical issues of justice, harm, and autonomy. Finally, we offer some recommendations for how to move forward.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Stem Cell-Based Embryo-Like Structures : A Focus Group Study on the Perspectives of Dutch Professionals and Lay Citizens. 基于干细胞的类胚胎结构的伦理问题：关于荷兰专业人士和普通公民观点的焦点小组研究》。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9

A M Pereira Daoud, W J Dondorp, A L Bredenoord, G M W R de Wert

{"title":"The Ethics of Stem Cell-Based Embryo-Like Structures : A Focus Group Study on the Perspectives of Dutch Professionals and Lay Citizens.","authors":"A M Pereira Daoud, W J Dondorp, A L Bredenoord, G M W R de Wert","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10325-9","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study early human development while avoiding the burdens associated with human embryo research, scientists are redirecting their efforts towards so-called human embryo-like structures (hELS). hELS are created from clusters of human pluripotent stem cells and seem capable of mimicking early human development with increasing accuracy. Notwithstanding, hELS research finds itself at the intersection of historically controversial fields, and the expectation that it might be received as similarly sensitive is prompting proactive law reform in many jurisdictions, including the Netherlands. However, studies on the public perception of hELS research remain scarce. To help guide policymakers and fill this gap in the literature, we conducted an explorative qualitative study aimed at mapping the range of perspectives in the Netherlands on the creation and research use of hELS. This article reports on a subset of our findings, namely those pertaining to (the degrees of and requirements for) confidence in research with hELS and its regulation. Despite commonly found disparities in confidence on emerging biotechnologies, we also found wide consensus regarding the requirements for having (more) confidence in hELS research. We conclude by reflecting on how these findings could be relevant to researchers and (Dutch) policymakers when interpreted within the context of their limitations.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"513-542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

For the Good of the Globe: Moral Reasons for States to Mitigate Global Catastrophic Biological Risks. 为了全球的利益：各国减轻全球灾难性生物风险的道德理由》。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10337-z

Tess F Johnson

{"title":"For the Good of the Globe: Moral Reasons for States to Mitigate Global Catastrophic Biological Risks.","authors":"Tess F Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10337-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10337-z","url":null,"abstract":"Actions to prepare for and prevent pandemics are a common topic for bioethical analysis. However, little attention has been paid to global catastrophic biological risks more broadly, including pandemics with artificial origins, the creation of agents for biological warfare, and harmful outcomes of human genome editing. What's more, international policy discussions often focus on economic arguments for state action, ignoring a key potential set of reasons for states to mitigate global catastrophic biological risks: moral reasons. In this paper, I frame the mitigation of such risks as a global public good, and I explore three possible categories of moral reasons that might motivate states to provide this global public good: nationalism, cosmopolitanism, and interstate obligations. Whilst there are strong objections to moral nationalism as a reason for states to act, moral cosmopolitanism may provide a broad reason which is further supplemented for individual states through the elaboration of interstate moral obligations. The obligations I consider are moral leadership, fairness, and reciprocity. Moral reasons for individual states action may more effectively or more appropriately motivate states to mitigate global catastrophic biological risks.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"559-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nurses and Voluntary Assisted Dying: How the Australian Capital Territory's Law Could Change the Australian Regulatory Landscape. 护士与自愿协助死亡：澳大利亚首都地区的法律如何改变澳大利亚的监管格局。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10370-y

R Jeanneret, S Prince

引用次数: 0

Organ Markets, Options, and an Over-Inclusiveness Objection: On Rippon's Argument. 器官市场、选择权和过度包容的异议：关于里彭的论点。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x

J Damgaard Thaysen, J Sønderholm

{"title":"Organ Markets, Options, and an Over-Inclusiveness Objection: On Rippon's Argument.","authors":"J Damgaard Thaysen, J Sønderholm","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human organs available for transplant are in short supply. One way to increase the supply of organs consists in legalizing a live donor market. Such a market is, however, controversial. This article is about an objection to live donor organ markets made by Simon Rippon. Rippon's objection is that the presence of a market option creates new social and legal pressures that harm the poor. Legalizing the option of selling your organs transforms into a harmful, and morally indefensible, social, and legal pressure to sell on the financially desperate. This article defends the conclusion that Rippon's argument fails as an objection to live donor organ markets. It fails because it has implausibly expansive implications about which markets are morally problematic. In short, Rippon's argument proves too much. Sections one and two introduce Rippon's argument. Sections three and four contain the argument against Rippon. The main argumentative move is that the features of an organ market that, according to Rippon, justify a ban on such a market are features that also characterize several other markets that are normally considered unproblematic, for example, markets where individuals sell their labour abroad in jobs that are dangerous. So, if an organ market should be legally impermissible, so should these labour markets. Section five considers several objections to the argument against Rippon. It is argued that these objections fail. Section six is a conclusion that sums up the findings of the article.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0