Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第7页

Ethics of a Physiotherapist: Touch, Corporeality, Intimacy-Based on the Experience of Elderly Patients. 物理治疗师的伦理：触摸、肉体、亲密关系--基于老年患者的经验。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10323-x

A Długołęcka, M Jagodzińska, W J Bober, A Przyłuska-Fiszer

{"title":"Ethics of a Physiotherapist: Touch, Corporeality, Intimacy-Based on the Experience of Elderly Patients.","authors":"A Długołęcka, M Jagodzińska, W J Bober, A Przyłuska-Fiszer","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10323-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10323-x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a qualitative study investigating the application of physiotherapists' professional ethics in practice with respect to touch, intimacy, and corporeality during therapy, based on the experiences of elderly patients. As the relationship in a physiotherapy session is multidimensional, the study considered three levels: physical contact, verbal contact, and the conditions in which the therapy took place. The aim of this study was to find out what values are of importance to older people during a physiotherapy session, with emphasis on the categories of touch, corporeality, and intimacy. The studied group consisted of sixteen male and female physiotherapy patients aged between sixty-six and ninety-two years. The study was conducted according to the grounded theory methodology. The research material consisted of transcriptions of free targeted interviews, which were subjected to a process of coding and analysis. As a result of data analyses, three superior categories have been identified-safety, anxiety, interpersonal relationship-and three a priori categories stemming from the characteristic features of the study area-touch, corporeality, and intimacy. The a priori categories did not appear independently in statements made by the respondents, but instead seemed to be components of superior categories. The most important values indicated by the respondents concerned the interpersonal relationship with their physiotherapist and the feeling of safety and care. In terms of touch, corporeality, and intimacy, the respondents indicated, among others, the importance of predictability, a sense of security, privacy, and acceptance of the body.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"461-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Islamic Perspectives on Polygenic Testing and Selection of IVF Embryos (PGT-P) for Optimal Intelligence and Other Non-Disease-Related Socially Desirable Traits. 多基因测试和选择体外受精胚胎(PGT-P)的最佳智力和其他非疾病相关的社会理想性状的伊斯兰观点。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10293-0

A H B Chin, Q Al-Balas, M F Ahmad, N Alsomali, M Ghaly

{"title":"Islamic Perspectives on Polygenic Testing and Selection of IVF Embryos (PGT-P) for Optimal Intelligence and Other Non-Disease-Related Socially Desirable Traits.","authors":"A H B Chin, Q Al-Balas, M F Ahmad, N Alsomali, M Ghaly","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10293-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10293-0","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the genetic testing and selection of IVF embryos, known as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), has gained much traction in clinical assisted reproduction for preventing transmission of genetic defects. However, a more recent ethically and morally controversial development in PGT is its possible use in selecting IVF embryos for optimal intelligence quotient (IQ) and other non-disease-related socially desirable traits, such as tallness, fair complexion, athletic ability, and eye and hair colour, based on polygenic risk scores (PRS), in what is referred to as PGT-P. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning-based analysis of big data sets collated from genome sequencing of specific human ethnic populations can be used to estimate an individual embryo's likelihood of developing such multifactorial traits by analysing the combination of specific genetic variants within its genome. Superficially, this technique appears compliant with Islamic principles and ethics. Because there is no modification of the human genome, there is no tampering with Allah's creation (taghyīr khalq Allah). Nevertheless, a more critical analysis based on the five maxims of Islamic jurisprudence (qawa'id fiqhiyyah) that are often utilized in discourses on Islamic bioethics, namely qaṣd (intention), yaqın̄ (certainty), ḍarar (injury), ḍarūra (necessity), and `urf (custom), would instead reveal some major ethical and moral flaws of this new medical technology in the selection of non-disease-related socially desirable traits, and its non-compliance with the spirit and essence of Islamic law (shariah). Muslim scholars, jurists, doctors, and biomedical scientists should debate this further and issue a fatwa on this new medical technology platform.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"441-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lead Essay-Islamic Bioethics: A Vast, Fecund and Rapidly Evolving Field of Scholarship. 主要论文--伊斯兰生物伦理学：一个广阔、丰富和快速发展的学术领域。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10407-2

Paul Komesaroff

引用次数: 0

Ethical Risks of Systematic Menstrual Tracking in Sport. 体育运动中系统性月经跟踪的伦理风险。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10333-9

Olivia R Howe

{"title":"Ethical Risks of Systematic Menstrual Tracking in Sport.","authors":"Olivia R Howe","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10333-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10333-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this article it will be concluded that systematic menstrual tracking in women's sport has the potential to cause harm to athletes. Since the ruling of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) in the United States, concerns regarding menstrual health tracking have arisen. Research suggests that the menstrual tracking of female athletes presents potential risks to \"women's autonomy, privacy, and safety in sport\" (Casto 2022, 1725). At present, the repercussions of systematic menstrual tracking are particularly under-scrutinized, and this paper seeks to combine novel research in the sport sciences with present ethical debates in the philosophy of sports. Utilizing Beauvoir's feminist philosophy (2011), this paper argues that systematic menstrual tracking may contribute to the wider system of women's oppression by exploiting female athletes, as well as enabling the internalization of submissive behaviour in cultures where athletes are expected to comply unquestioningly. Five policy recommendations are made concerning autonomy, informed consent, education, safeguarding and data access. The overall findings of this paper propose that a more in-depth understanding of the links between data, privacy, and the menstrual cycle are required by sports organizations and governing bodies if athletes are to be protected in a future where systematic menstrual tracking is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"543-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family-Oriented Living Organ Donation in Bangladesh: A Bioethical Defence. 孟加拉国以家庭为导向的活体器官捐赠：生物伦理辩护。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z

S Siraj

{"title":"Family-Oriented Living Organ Donation in Bangladesh: A Bioethical Defence.","authors":"S Siraj","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10361-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on issues related to living organ donation for transplantation in Bangladesh. The policy and practice of living organ donation for transplantation in Bangladesh is family-oriented: close relatives (legal and genetic) are the only ones allowed to be living donors. Unrelated donors, altruistic donors (directed and non-directed), and paired/pooled or non-directed altruistic living donor chains-as many of these are implemented in other countries-are not legally allowed to serve as living donors in Bangladesh. This paper presents normative arguments explaining why the family-oriented nature of regulations and practices surrounding living organ donation for transplantation is essential for Bangladesh. In this article, I specifically argue that if the Bangladesh government revises the current biomedical policy robustly beyond relatives and allows unrelated donors to donate organs legally, this may foster organ selling due to the poverty and corruption problems in Bangladesh. The family-oriented requirement of the living organ donation policy and practice is defensible and morally justifiable as it preserves common notions of the family unit and family bonding in Bangladesh. Maintaining the current living-donation regulations and promoting deceased donation is the way forward, as this safely preserves the family values, protects against organ selling, and increases access to organ transplantation.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"415-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ageing President, Betty Draper, Mad Men, and Realistic Medicine. 《老去的总统》、《贝蒂·德雷珀》、《广告狂人》和《现实医学》。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10408-1

Michael A Ashby

引用次数: 0

Deontological Guilt and Moral Distress as Diametrically Opposite Phenomena: A Case Study of Three Clinicians. 道义上的内疚和道德上的苦恼是截然相反的现象：对三位临床医生的个案研究。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4

Y Bokek-Cohen, I Marey-Sarwan, M Tarabeih

{"title":"Deontological Guilt and Moral Distress as Diametrically Opposite Phenomena: A Case Study of Three Clinicians.","authors":"Y Bokek-Cohen, I Marey-Sarwan, M Tarabeih","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10300-4","url":null,"abstract":"Feelings of guilt are human emotions that may arise if a person committed an action that contradicts basic moral mores or failed to commit an action that is considered moral according to their ethical standards and values. Psychological scholarship distinguishes between altruistic guilt (AG) and deontological guilt (DG). AG results from having caused harm to an innocent victim, either by acting or failing to act, whereas DG is caused by violating a moral principle. Although physicians may be expected to experience frequent feelings of guilt in their demanding and intensive work, it is surprising to find that this issue has not been explored in the professional literature on medical ethics. To that end, we conducted a qualitative study that included personal in-depth interviews with Sunni Muslim gynaecologists. These doctors provide underground infertility care and perform religiously forbidden treatments involving sex selection and gamete donation. They opened their hearts and spoke about the emotionally taxing pangs of conscience they suffer. Analysing their narratives led us to characterize their feelings of guilt as DG. We discuss the causes for their plight and the way they cope with it, compare DG to the concept of moral distress, and call for future research on clinicians' feelings of guilt and pangs of conscience.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"449-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa. 在马来西亚生物伦理论述中应用 "利益 "与 "伤害 "的概念：马来西亚法特瓦分析。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z

Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun

{"title":"Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa.","authors":"Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun","doi":"10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid developments in science and technology have resulted in novel discoveries, leading to new questions particularly related to human values and ethics. Every discovery and technology has positive and negative implications and affects human lives either directly or indirectly, involving all walks of life. Bioethical discourse in Malaysia must consider the multiracial and multireligious background of Malaysia and especially the Islamic view as the majority of Malaysians are Muslims and Islam is the religion of the federation. This article discusses several selected bioethical issues in Malaysia by studying the application of maṣlaḥah (the public good) and mafsadah (evil and harms) in Malaysian Islamic rulings (fatwas). This article uses the critical interpretation approach, as this is an ethical, interpretive, textual, and contextual analysis. In a situation when there is a conflict between maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah, it is preferred to attempt to address both needs. However, if maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah are mutually exclusive, the decision to choose must be made by weighing (tarjīḥ) and choosing the one which is superior. The maṣlaḥah and mafsadah concepts play vital and significant roles in bioethical discourse to realize human essential interests, namely faith, life, lineage, intellect, and property, thus achieving maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (the ultimate goal of sharia). This concept helps in guiding bioethical discussions, especially in determining the priority between achieving benefits and avoiding harms. The application of this concept will also assist Malaysian authorities in formulating appropriate rulings, especially bioethical issues related to Malaysian Muslims' lives.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "Bystander at the Switch" Revisited? Ethical Implications of the Government Strategies Against COVID-19. 重新审视 "开关旁观者"？政府针对 COVID-19 所采取策略的伦理意义。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10328-6

S Stelios, K N Konstantakis, P G Michaelides

引用次数: 0

Ethical Challenges in Oral Healthcare Services Provided by Non-Governmental Organizations for Refugees in Germany. 德国非政府组织为难民提供口腔保健服务的伦理挑战。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7

R Kozman, K M Mussie, B Elger, I Wienand, F Jotterand

{"title":"Ethical Challenges in Oral Healthcare Services Provided by Non-Governmental Organizations for Refugees in Germany.","authors":"R Kozman, K M Mussie, B Elger, I Wienand, F Jotterand","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10327-7","url":null,"abstract":"Oral healthcare is attracting much attention after decades of neglect from policymakers. Recent studies have shown a strong association between oral and overall health, which can lead to serious health problems. Availability of oral healthcare services is an essential part of ensuring universal healthcare coverage. More importantly, current gaps in its accessibility by minority or marginalized population groups are crucial public health as well as ethical concerns. One notable effort to address this issue comes from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), which offer oral healthcare services for non-insured refugees. However, the challenge remains that these care services are not comprehensive, which has implications for the refugees' oral and general health. In this article, we discuss this complex issue in the German healthcare context by including ethical reflections. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the ethical challenges related to oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany. First, we will introduce the general oral healthcare context worldwide and in Germany. Second, we will provide a general description of the oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany, as well as an overview of existing gaps. This will provide us with the context for our third and most important task-discussing the ethical implications of the gaps. In doing so, and since the ethical implications can be several, we demarcate the scope of our analysis by focusing on the specific ethical issues of justice, harm, and autonomy. Finally, we offer some recommendations for how to move forward.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0