Journal of Bioethical Inquiry最新文献_第6页

Identity Disclosure Between Donor Family Members and Organ Transplant Recipients: A Description and Synthesis of Australian Laws and Guidelines. 捐献家庭成员和器官移植受者之间的身份披露:澳大利亚法律和指南的描述和综合。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10287-y

Anthony Cignarella, Andrea Marshall, Kristen Ranse, Helen Opdam, Thomas Buckley, Jayne Hewitt

{"title":"Identity Disclosure Between Donor Family Members and Organ Transplant Recipients: A Description and Synthesis of Australian Laws and Guidelines.","authors":"Anthony Cignarella, Andrea Marshall, Kristen Ranse, Helen Opdam, Thomas Buckley, Jayne Hewitt","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10287-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10287-y","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The disclosure of information that identifies deceased organ donors and/or organ transplant recipients by organ donation agencies and transplant centres is regulated in Australia by state and territory legislation, yet a significant number of donor family members and transplant recipients independently establish contact with each other.Aim: To describe and synthesize Australian laws and guidelines on the disclosure of identifying information.Method: Legislation and guidelines relevant to organ donation and transplantation were obtained following a search of government and DonateLife network websites. Information about the regulation of identity disclosure was extracted and synthesised using a process guided by Walt and Gilson's (1994) policy analysis framework.Findings: Nineteen documents were examined. Six guidelines refer to and were consistent with current legislation. Four documents did not address identity disclosure. All jurisdictions prohibit healthcare professionals from disclosing identifying information. In three states, the prohibition extends to all members of the public including donor family members and transplant recipients.Conclusion: Restrictions on identity disclosure have implications for public promotion of donation and transplantation where sharing of stories and images of organ donors and transplant recipients is common. Further research is required to understand the perspective of donor family members, transplant recipients, and healthcare professionals impacted by the current laws.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"309-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Vagueness of Integrating the Empirical and the Normative: Researchers' Views on Doing Empirical Bioethics. 实证与规范相结合的模糊性——研究者对实证生物伦理学的思考。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10286-z

T Wangmo, V Provoost, E Mihailov

{"title":"The Vagueness of Integrating the Empirical and the Normative: Researchers' Views on Doing Empirical Bioethics.","authors":"T Wangmo, V Provoost, E Mihailov","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10286-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10286-z","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of normative analysis with empirical data often remains unclear despite the availability of many empirical bioethics methodologies. This paper sought bioethics scholars' experiences and reflections of doing empirical bioethics research to feed these practical insights into the debate on methods. We interviewed twenty-six participants who revealed their process of integrating the normative and the empirical. From the analysis of the data, we first used the themes to identify the methodological content. That is, we show participants' use of familiar methods explained as \"back-and-forth\" methods (reflective equilibrium), followed by dialogical methods where collaboration was seen as a better way of doing integration. Thereafter, we highlight methods that were deemed as inherent integration approaches, where the normative and the empirical were intertwined from the start of the research project. Second, we used the themes to express not only how we interpreted what was said but also how things were said. In this, we describe an air of uncertainty and overall vagueness that surrounded the above methods. We conclude that the indeterminacy of integration methods is a double-edged sword. It allows for flexibility but also risks obscuring a lack of understanding of the theoretical-methodological underpinnings of empirical bioethics research methods.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"295-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation : Boas, Hagai. 2023. The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation. London and New York: Routledge. 器官移植的政治经济学评论：鲍，哈盖。2023.器官移植的政治经济学。伦敦和纽约：劳特利奇。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10294-z

Z Lederman

引用次数: 0

A Principle-Based Approach to Visual Identification Systems for Hospitalized People with Dementia. 基于原则的痴呆住院患者视觉识别系统研究

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10315-x

T V Brigden, C Mitchell, K Kuberska, A Hall

{"title":"A Principle-Based Approach to Visual Identification Systems for Hospitalized People with Dementia.","authors":"T V Brigden, C Mitchell, K Kuberska, A Hall","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10315-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10315-x","url":null,"abstract":"A large proportion of hospital inpatients are affected by cognitive impairment, posing challenges in the provision of their care in busy, fast-paced acute wards. Signs and symbols, known as visual identifiers, are employed in many U.K. hospitals with the intention of helping healthcare professionals identify and respond to the needs of these patients. Although widely considered useful, these tools are used inconsistently, have not been subject to full evaluation, and attract criticism for acting as a shorthand for a routinized response. In order for visual identifiers to be used effectively in acute care settings, thorough consideration must be given to the ethical and legal issues that are engaged in this context, and their potential benefits and harms must be weighed and balanced. This paper proposes a set of legal and ethical principles that can be used to guide the implementation of visual identifiers. Together, these principles provide a framework applicable in the design and implementation phases to systematically identify relevant considerations arising from the use of these tools. We outline some tensions that arise between principles and conclude that selecting a preferred moral framework could help to guide decision-making, as does clarity around the purpose and objectives of the identifier.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"331-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Considerations in Research With People From Refugee and Asylum Seeker Backgrounds: A Systematic Review of National and International Ethics Guidelines. 以难民和寻求庇护者为背景的研究中的伦理考虑：对国家和国际伦理准则的系统回顾。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10297-w

Natasha Davidson, Karin Hammarberg, Jane Fisher

{"title":"Ethical Considerations in Research With People From Refugee and Asylum Seeker Backgrounds: A Systematic Review of National and International Ethics Guidelines.","authors":"Natasha Davidson, Karin Hammarberg, Jane Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10297-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10297-w","url":null,"abstract":"Refugees and asylum seekers may experience challenges related to pre-arrival experiences, structural disadvantage after migration and during resettlement requiring the need for special protection when participating in research. The aim was to review if and how people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds have had their need for special protection addressed in national and international research ethics guidelines. A systematic search of grey literature was undertaken. The search yielded 2187 documents of which fourteen met the inclusion criteria. Few guidelines addressed specific ethical considerations for vulnerable groups much less people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds. One guideline explicitly addressed vulnerability for refugees and asylums seekers. To ensure members of ethics committees and researchers consider the potential challenges of conducting research with these groups, guidelines may need to be supplemented with a refugee and asylum seeker specific research ethics framework. Such a framework may be necessary to optimally protect people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds in research.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"261-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Reflection on the "QR code Dilemma" Faced by Older People During COVID-19 in China. 对中国 COVID-19 期间老年人面临的 "二维码困境 "的伦理反思。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10317-9

J Han, Z Xu, Y Ma

{"title":"Ethical Reflection on the \"QR code Dilemma\" Faced by Older People During COVID-19 in China.","authors":"J Han, Z Xu, Y Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10317-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10317-9","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread application of QR code technology is best represented by the health codes used in China's pandemic prevention and control. This technology has enhanced the country's ability to manage the pandemic by achieving higher efficiency and accuracy. Unfortunately, a certain segment of the older population has encountered difficulties in adapting and maintaining their daily activities. This indicates the limitations of QR code technology in achieving social isolation. This article argues that for a more comprehensive pandemic prevention and control policy system to be established, managing the implementation of this very technology should be done in a more humane fashion, i.e. under the guidance of three moral principles: benevolence, justice, and non-maleficence. By doing so, implementation of QR code technology is done in a way that is not only conducive to COVID-19 prevention and control but also mitigate marginalization of the older people. In the post-pandemic era, the socialization of digital technology will accelerate. Therefore, in the field of public health, we should direct attention not only to the fair distribution of resources but also to the issue of identity that arises due to digital divide.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medically Assisted Death and the Ends of Medicine. 医学辅助死亡与医学终结。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10288-x

Eric Vogelstein

引用次数: 0

The Ethical Assessment of the Stay-At-Home Order in South Africa in Light of The Universal Declaration of Bioethics And Human Rights (UNESCO). 根据《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》对南非居家令的伦理评估（联合国教科文组织）。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0

A L Rheeder

{"title":"The Ethical Assessment of the Stay-At-Home Order in South Africa in Light of The Universal Declaration of Bioethics And Human Rights (UNESCO).","authors":"A L Rheeder","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10304-0","url":null,"abstract":"The South African government announced the much-discussed stay-at-home order between March 27 and April 30, 2020, during what was known as lockdown level 5, which meant that citizens were not allowed to leave their homes. The objective of this study is to assess the stay-at-home order against the global principles of the UDBHR. It is deducible that, in reference to the UDBHR, the government possessed the right to curtail individual liberty, thereby not infringing on Article 5 of the UDBHR and therefore, in this context, passes the test of the UDBHR. However, it remains uncertain at present whether the limitation of freedom imposed by the South African stay-at-home order was successful in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and protecting individuals from harm. Initial investigations also indicate that individuals who are particularly vulnerable may not have received equitable treatment in accordance with the principle outlined in Article 10, therefore, it can be cautiously and modestly argued that the stay-at-home order does not withstand scrutiny when assessed against the UDBHR. Given the continued discussion about the efficacy of limiting freedom to control the spread of COVID-19, and the growing conviction that the advancement of justice is being called into question, the notion of least restriction ought to be considered seriously. Ten Have (2022) is correct in asserting that global bioethics should also seriously consider other principles beyond an almost exclusive focus on limiting individual freedom. The preliminary conclusion is that the potential implementation of the stay-at-home order in the future must be seriously reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics. 确定牙科伦理治疗策略的建议。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2

Szilárd D Kovács

{"title":"Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics.","authors":"Szilárd D Kovács","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10310-2","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary medicine views health as the individual's physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one's well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient's needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects of oral health. The objective of this article is to suggest alternative treatment strategies in dentistry with respect to the following factors: extent of rehabilitation, preserving one's anatomical structures, aesthetic outcome, number of sessions, patient autonomy. Additionally, this article describes the suggested treatment strategies in an ethical context and determines the conditions of their employment. The suggested treatment strategies are divided in two categories, extensive treatment strategies focusing on the patient's entire craniofacial complex, while specific treatment strategies focus on specific paramount issues.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Forensic Genomics: Regulating Massively Parallel Sequencing. 法医基因组学的进化:调节大规模平行测序。

IF 1.8 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w

Marcus Smith, Seumas Miller

{"title":"The Evolution of Forensic Genomics: Regulating Massively Parallel Sequencing.","authors":"Marcus Smith, Seumas Miller","doi":"10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11673-023-10316-w","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic genomics now enables law enforcement agencies to undertake rapid and detailed analysis of suspect samples using a technique known as massively parallel sequencing (MPS), including information such as physical traits, biological ancestry, and medical conditions. This article discusses the implications of MPS and provides ethical analysis, drawing on the concept of joint rights applicable to genomic data, and the concept of collective moral responsibility (understood as joint moral responsibility) that are applicable to law enforcement investigations that utilize genomic data. The widespread and unconstrained use of this technology without appropriate legal protections of individual moral rights and associated accountability mechanisms, could potentially not only involve violations of individual moral rights but also lead to an unacceptable shift in the balance of power between governments and the citizenry. We argue that in light of the rights of victims and the security benefits for society, there is a collective moral responsibility for individuals to submit their DNA to law enforcement and for MPS to be used where other, less invasive techniques are not effective. However, this application should be limited by legislation, including that any data obtained should be directly relevant to the investigation and should be destroyed at the conclusion of the investigation.","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0