Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid immunity augments cross-variant protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection differs considerably among individuals. We investigate the critical pathways that influence vaccine-induced cross-variant serological immunity among individuals at high-risk of COVID-19 complications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Neutralizing antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants (Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) were analyzed in patients with autoimmune diseases, chronic comorbidities (multimorbidity), and healthy controls. Antibody levels were assessed at baseline and at different intervals up to 12 months following primary and booster vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Immunity induced by vaccination with and without infection (hybrid immunity) was compared with that of unvaccinated individuals with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma cytokines were analyzed to investigate variations in antibody production following vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with autoimmune diseases (n = 137) produced lesser antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants compared with those in the multimorbidity (n = 153) and healthy groups (n = 229); antibody levels were significantly lower in patients with neuromyelitis optica and those on prednisolone, mycophenolate or rituximab treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified neuromyelitis optica (odds ratio 8.20, 95% CI 1.68–39.9) and mycophenolate (13.69, 3.78–49.5) as significant predictors of a poorer antibody response to vaccination (i.e, neutralizing antibody &lt;40%). Infected participants exhibited antibody levels that were 28.7% higher (95% CI 24.7–32.7) compared to non-infected participants six months after receiving a booster vaccination. Individuals infected during the Delta outbreak generated cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant in quantities comparable to those observed after infection with the Omicron variant itself. In contrast, unvaccinated individuals recently infected with the wild-type (n = 2390) consistently displayed lower levels of neutralizing antibodies against both the wild-type virus and other variants. Pathway analyses suggested an inverse relationship between baseline T cell subsets and antibody production following vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hybrid immunity confers a robust protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001725/pdfft?md5=4ed425af644f43419f203a14862cdc88&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001725-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness and impact of the enterovirus 71 vaccine on the onset of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children aged ≤5 years: A 7-year study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001786/pdfft?md5=b9b8ec618c4d5efe221593ee08110509&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001786-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replication, safety and immunogenicity of the vectored Ebola vaccine rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP in a sub-Saharan African paediatric population: A randomised controlled, open-label trial in children aged 1-12 years living in Lambaréné, Gabon","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Unlike adults, children experienced stronger and longer vector replication in plasma and shedding in saliva following rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination. The resulting risks of immunosuppression or immune hyperactivation leading to increased Adverse Events (AEs) and altered antibody responses are concerns that have been addressed in the present manuscript.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Children aged 1–12 years living in Gabon received either rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (ERVEBO®) vaccine or the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (VZV). The concentration of rVSVΔG vector in blood and saliva, the occurrence of AEs up to day 28; the anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and anti-VZV IgG antibody titres, neutralising and avidity functions of anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP by day 365; were assessed in serum. (PACTR202005733552021)</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>In the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP group, 70% and 7% of children had &gt;0 copies/ml of rVSVΔG respectively in plasma by day 3 and in saliva by day 14 after vaccination, with no detection on day 28. Significantly higher but transient AEs occurred in the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP group. Both vaccines induced seroconversion on day 28 and sustainable IgG antibody titres by day 365. Avidity and neutralisation functions of the anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP antibodies peaked at day 28 and were maintained by day 365.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>The replication and shedding do not affect the favourable risk-benefit balance of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001713/pdfft?md5=80b99f8df43188d321612c4f957986fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001713-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors and characterisation of individuals with long COVID using Electronic Health Records in over 1.5 million COVID cases in England","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study examines clinically confirmed long-COVID symptoms and diagnosis among individuals with COVID in England, aiming to understand prevalence and associated risk factors using electronic health records. To further understand long COVID, the study also explored differences in risks and symptom profiles in three subgroups: hospitalised, non-hospitalised, and untreated COVID cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from 1,554,040 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection via Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Descriptive statistics explored the prevalence of long COVID symptoms 12 weeks post-infection, and Cox regression models analysed the associated risk factors. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the impact of right-censoring data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During an average 400-day follow-up, 7.4% of individuals with COVID had at least one long-COVID symptom after acute phase, yet only 0.5% had long-COVID diagnostic codes. The most common long-COVID symptoms included cough (17.7%), back pain (15.2%), stomach-ache (11.2%), headache (11.1%), and sore throat (10.0%). The same trend was observed in all three subgroups. Risk factors associated with long-COVID symptoms were female sex, non-white ethnicity, obesity, and pre-existing medical conditions like anxiety, depression, type II diabetes, and somatic symptom disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study is the first to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of clinically confirmed long-COVID in the general population. The findings could help clinicians identify higher risk individuals for timely intervention and allow decision-makers to more efficiently allocate resources for managing long-COVID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001695/pdfft?md5=78281359fb90b57459525de994cb39fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001695-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebound of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Portugal after the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with significant serotype changes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to the institution of public health measures in many countries which reduced respiratory infections. We aimed to identify and characterize changes in pediatric (&lt;18 years) invasive pneumococcal disease (pIPD) in Portugal in 2018–2023.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>pIPD cases were identified by culture and molecular methods and stratified by age and serotype. When available the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobials was evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>pIPD cases were markedly reduced in the last trimester of 2019–2020 and the entire 2020–2021 season. While 2021–2022 was in line with pre-pandemic seasons, in 2022–2023, the number of pIPD cases exceeded those found pre-pandemic. Molecular tests were responsible for identifying and serotyping 30% of cases, highlighting their importance in evaluating pIPD. Among the 316 pIPD cases, 37 different serotypes were detected, of which serotypes 3 (n = 85, 26.9%), 8 (n = 25, 7.9%), 10A (n = 21, 6.6%) and 24F (n = 20, 6.3%) were the most frequent. The post-pandemic serotype distribution reflected mostly pre-pandemic trends and the rebound was not driven by particular serotypes. We identified many vaccine failures, most (n = 37) representing serotype 3 infections. Penicillin non-susceptibility increased from 14% pre-pandemic to 29%, with serotype 24F becoming particularly significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The higher number of cases of pIPD post-COVID-19 in Portugal raises the possibility of a higher burden of pneumococcal disease in Europe post-pandemic. The relatively stable serotype distribution and the current availability of the higher valency conjugate vaccines PCV15 and PCV20, potentially preventing a large proportion of pIPD (43% and 67%, respectively), offer an opportunity to control this increase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001762/pdfft?md5=1d608cb6ae5ea84615fbc00525095dda&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001762-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the encephalitis criteria in adults with a suspected central nervous system infection: An updated score","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to validate and refine the encephalitis criteria proposed by the International Encephalitis Consortium in a cohort of adults initially suspected of a central nervous system (CNS) infection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included patients from two prospective cohort studies consisting of adults suspected of a CNS infection whom underwent a diagnostic lumbar puncture. We evaluated the test characteristics of the criteria for both possible and probable encephalitis. The reference standard was a final clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. Recalibration of the criteria was done by adjusting the weight of each criterion based on their respective odds.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total 1446 episodes were evaluated, of whom 162 (11%) had a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. Possible encephalitis had a sensitivity of 41% (95% CI 33–49) and a specificity of 88% (95% CI 86–90). Probable encephalitis had a sensitivity and specificity of respectively 27% (95% CI 20–34) and 95% (95% CI 94–96). Through odds-based weighting, we recalibrated the weight of each individual criterion, resulting in a model consisting of an altered mental status (weight of 2), seizures (weight of 3), elevated CSF leukocytes (weight of 5) and abnormalities on neuroimaging (weight of 9). We proposed a cut-off at 5 for possible encephalitis, (sensitivity 93% [95% CI 88–96]; specificity 51% [95% 49–54]), and at 8 for probable encephalitis (sensitivity 51% [95% CI 44–59]; specificity 91% [95% CI 89–92]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We validated and refined the existing diagnostic criteria for encephalitis, leading to a substantially enhanced sensitivity. These updated criteria hold promise to facilitate the accurate identification of encephalitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001737/pdfft?md5=3794e91b3e2789dde98b2b87e8d06478&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001737-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morbidity burden of imported chronic schistosomiasis among West African migrants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Past exposure to schistosomiasis is frequent among migrants from endemic countries, and chronic untreated infection may lead to long-term morbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We carried out a prospective population-based cross-sectional study among migrants from endemic Sub-Saharan countries living in Barcelona, Spain. Participants had not been previously diagnosed or treated for schistosomiasis. Clinical signs and symptoms were scrutinised through a systematic revision of electronic medical records and an on-site standardised questionnaire, and blood and urine samples were screened for <em>Schistosoma</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>We recruited 522 eligible participants, 74.3% males, mean age 42.7 years (SD=11.5, range 18–76), Overall, 46.4% were from Senegal and 23.6% from Gambia. They had lived in the European Union for a median of 16 years (IQR 10–21). The prevalence of a <em>Schistosoma</em>-positive serology was 35.8%. <em>S. haematobium</em> eggs were observed in urine samples in 6 (1.2%) participants. The most prevalent symptoms among <em>Schistosoma</em>-positive participants were chronic abdominal pain (68.8%, OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.2–2.6), eosinophilia (44.9%, OR=2.69; 95%CI 1.8–4.0) and specific symptoms associated with urinary schistosomiasis, like self-reported episodes of haematuria (37.2%; OR=2.47; 95%CI 1.6–3.8), dysuria (47.9%, OR=1.84; 95%CI=1.3–2.7) and current renal insufficiency (13.4%; OR=2.35; 95%CI=1.3–4.3). We found a significant prevalence of gender-specific genital signs and symptoms among females (mainly menstrual disorders) and males (erectile dysfunction and pelvic pain). Individuals typically presented with a multitude of interconnected symptoms, most commonly chronic abdominal pain, which are often disregarded.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite the lack of urine parasite identification, the high incidence of clinical signs and symptoms strongly correlated with a positive schistosomiasis serology suggests the existence of a heavy clinical burden among long-term West African migrants living for years/decades in the study region. More research is urgently required to determine whether these symptoms are the result of long-term sequelae or a persistent active Schistosoma infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001683/pdfft?md5=d3abef7c1a196d784a64d2c8246a26be&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001683-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Bloodstream infection’: A valuable concept we should keep in our toolbox","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001701/pdfft?md5=7f73fbcc2aefbe057effb6f633fbcc43&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001701-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased SARS-CoV-2 reinfection frequency, attenuated severity, and risk factor analysis in patients with hematological malignancies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324001671/pdfft?md5=88936ea5b66cc5e04dba69f8ed7735f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324001671-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertussis in the elderly: Plausible amplifiers of persistent community transmission of pertussis in South Korea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532400166X/pdfft?md5=7f12383fb8327ca057a0da141b853f4b&pid=1-s2.0-S016344532400166X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}