Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"Immune impacts of infant whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccination on co-administered vaccines.","authors":"Gladymar Pérez Chacón, Sonia McAlister, James Totterdell, Marie J Estcourt, Julie A Marsh, Mark Jones, Kirsten P Perrett, Dianne E Campbell, Nicholas Wood, Michael Gold, Claire S Waddington, Michael O'Sullivan, Nigel Curtis, Ushma Wadia, Peter B McIntyre, Patrick G Holt, Tom Snelling, Peter C Richmond","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We compared the effect of a heterologous wP/aP/aP primary series (hereafter mixed wP/aP) versus a homologous aP/aP/aP primary schedule (hereafter aP-only) on antibody responses to co-administered vaccine antigens in infants and toddlers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomised Australian infants in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a mixed wP/aP schedule (pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-wP-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b; DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine at 6 weeks old followed by hexavalent DTaP-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-HepB-Hib vaccine at 4 and 6 months old) or to aP-only priming doses of hexavalent DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib vaccine at the same ages. All infants received 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) at 6 weeks, 4 and 12 months of age and DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccine boosters at 18 months. We assessed whether the wP/aP schedule is non-inferior to the aP-only schedule for co-administered vaccine antigens (geometric mean ratio [GMR] >2/3).</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>ACTRN12617000065392p.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between March 2018 and January 2020, 150 infants were randomised (75 per arm). Responses to all 13vPCV serotypes and Hib-PRP at 6, 7, 18, and 19 months old, as well as HBsAg at 6 and 7 months old were non-inferior (>90% probability).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A mixed wP/aP schedule resulted in non-inferior IgG responses to co-administered vaccine antigens compared to the standard aP-only schedule for pertussis primary immunisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106515"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic drivers of infectious diarrheal disease epidemics in China: an empirical dynamic modeling analysis of 21 million cases.","authors":"Jiayi Zhou, Yunchong Yao, Lingling Li, Xu Wang, Tingting Dai, Xiaoyan Cai, Lingxi Wang, Yueqin She, Xingxing Zhang, Jinhui Zhang, Haijian Zhou, Haisheng Wu, Pi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diarrheal diseases continue to impose a heavy public health burden in China, despite significant advancements in sanitation and economic development. While existing evidence has linked climate factors to the dynamic of these diseases, the heterogeneous climatic conditions and complex nonlinear interactions among meteorological variables give rise to intricate epidemic patterns that complicate the identification of causal drivers underlying the observed spatial and temporal variability in disease incidence. To address this gap, we conducted a nationwide study across 365 city-level regions in China from 2005 to 2022. Based on high-resolution surveillance data and meteorological records, we applied an empirical dynamic modeling framework. We inferred causal links between climatic drivers and six notifiable infectious diarrheal diseases using convergent cross mapping, and further assessed the dynamic impacts of these drivers through multivariate forecast improvement and scenario exploration across different climatic zones. Our results reveal that, except for cholera, infectious diarrheal diseases are predominantly influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine-hour. Temperature generally promotes the incidence of typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea, while the influence of relative humidity and sunshine-hour varies with environmental context. This study not only characterizes the epidemiological trends of infectious diarrhea over nearly two decades but also demonstrates the feasibility of using EDM to uncover dynamic nonlinear interactions in climate-disease systems. By integrating empirical dynamic modeling into public health frameworks, our approach provides a scalable and effective tool for disentangling complex climate-disease interactions in a warming world, thereby informing more tailored public health interventions in response to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106518"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue Swab-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Adults: A Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study.","authors":"Yilin Wang, Zichun Ma, Zubi Liu, Xiaowei Dong, Wei Shu, Mingchong Wei, Junwei Cui, Wei Shu, Rui Li, Wei Jing, Jin Shi, Bingnan Wang, Dan Shen, Chuan Qin, Rui Shao, Zanyan Wan, Juan Wu, Lanbo Luo, Lihua Huang, Yanjing Pan, Yuan Gao, Shanshan Li, Liang Li, Yu Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tongue swabs have emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative for TB diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of tongue swab-based assays for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and anti-TB drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter study in five TB-designated hospitals in China from May to August 2024. Tongue swabs and sputum samples were collected from 720 adults with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB. PCR-based tongue swab testing targeting MTB-specific sequences was evaluated against microbiological reference standards (MRS) and Xpert MTB/RIF. Tongue swab-based targeted next generation sequencing was conducted to diagnose the drug-resistant TB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tongue swab testing demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with a concordance rate of 95.1% (95% CI: 93.2-96.5) compared to Xpert MTB/RIF, and with a sensitivity of 88.6% (95% CI: 85.3-91.8) and specificity of 98.3% (95% CI: 97.0-99.7) compared to MRS. Tongue swabs supported detection of drug-resistant MTB using targeted next-generation sequencing, with detection rates of 98.66% for Ct <30, 91.53% for Ct 30-33, and 84.62% for Ct 33-34, declining sharply to 57.14% for Ct 34-35.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCR-based tongue swab testing offers a rapid, non-invasive alternative for TB diagnosis with high accuracy, particularly in paucibacillary cases or individuals unable to provide sputum. Although all participants in this study were able to provide sputum, tongue swabs may offer an alternative in situations where sputum collection is challenging. Further optimization of sampling and molecular techniques is essential to improve reliability and support broader implementation. Integrating tongue swab diagnostics with existing TB control programs could enhance the detection accuracy, improve drug resistance monitoring and reduce transmissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106517"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-based longitudinal study over two decades of Candida and Candida-like species bloodstream infection reveals gender and species differences in mortality, recurrence and resistance","authors":"Adam G. Stewart ,&nbsp;Kevin B. Laupland ,&nbsp;Felicity Edwards ,&nbsp;Sophia Koo ,&nbsp;Sarah P. Hammond ,&nbsp;Patrick NA Harris ,&nbsp;David L. Paterson ,&nbsp;Monica A. Slavin ,&nbsp;Sharon C.-A. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global burden of bloodstream infection (BSI) due to <em>Candida,</em> and species previously classed as <em>Candida (Candida-</em>like species) is substantial. Recent emergence of <em>Candida auris</em>, fluconazole-resistant <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> and echinocandin-resistant <em>Nakaseomyces glabratus</em> emphasise the importance of global and regional surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood cultures with growth of <em>Candida/Candida</em>-like species in Queensland, Australia (population ≈ 5 million) over a 20-year period (1 January 2000–31 December 2019) were retrospectively identified. Clinical, microbiological and outcome information was obtained from state-wide databases. Cox proportional and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to construct hazard ratios for 30-day all-cause case fatality and 1-year recurrence, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2586 episodes (2420 patients) of <em>Candida/Candida</em>-like bloodstream infection (Ca-BSI) were identified; 249 episodes (9.5%) were in children. <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>C. parapsilosis</em> complex reduced in frequency, whilst <em>N. glabratus</em> and <em>Candida dubliniensis</em> increased during the study. Of 1836 isolates tested, fluconazole (3.2%) and echinocandin (0.7%) resistance rates were low, with a decrease in fluconazole resistance observed from the first half of the study period to the latter half (4.5% versus 2.2%, <em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Overall, 30-day all-cause mortality (21%) was unchanged: <em>C. parapsilosis</em> complex (aHR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.60) was associated with decreased mortality, while <em>C. tropicalis</em> (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 0.95–1.93) was associated with an increase. Only 3.1% episodes demonstrated recurrence of Ca-BSI within one year. Presence of uncommon <em>Candida</em> species (aSHR 6.60, 95% CI 2.99–14.56) and an endovascular source of infection (aSHR 4.42, 95% CI 1.87–10.46) were associated with recurrence, while male gender (aSHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.92) was protective. Resistance to fluconazole (3.2% vs 3.5%, <em>P</em>=0.58) and echinocandins (0.6% vs 2.0%, <em>P</em>=0.05) was higher in recurrent Ca-BSI episodes. Females had a higher rate of fluconazole resistance (4.1% versus 2.4%, <em>P</em>=0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights important shifts in causative species and resistance patterns of Ca-BSI which impacts clinical management. Antifungal resistance rates were low overall. The identification of new modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for recurrence and mortality provides opportunities to examine new strategies to improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 1","pages":"Article 106513"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Burn Patients.","authors":"Susanne Sütterlin, Marie Lindblad, Eva Tano, Sara Frosth, Filip Farnebo, Torgny Schennings, Jan-Ingmar Flock, Fredrik Huss","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectivs: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in burn patients and contributes to mortality, however, the role of colonization with S. aureus in the course of the disease is less well described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study aimed to determine the frequency of S. aureus colonization in 80 patients treated in a national burn centre in Uppsala, Sweden, during the first ten days of hospitalization in relation to length of stay, number of days before antibiotic treatment started and mortality; additionally, epidemiological relationship and phylogeny were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38/80 (47.5%) patients tested positive for S. aureus upon admission, while 47 out of 65 patients who completed the 10-day study period (72%), were colonized with S. aureus. Patients, that were colonized at admission tended to stay longer at the burn centre, particularly when admitted with more severe conditions corresponding to a rBaux score >70 (p=0.05, R²=0.09). Patients carrying isolates of phylogroup 2 received antibiotic treatment approximately one day later than patients with isolates belonging to phylogroup 1 (p<0.05, R²= 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings emphasize that screening for S. aureus colonization in burn patients upon admission, particularly in critically injured patients, could prove beneficial in optimizing antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106516"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Trials for Hepatitis Delta Virus in the WHO African region: A neglected virus among neglected viruses.","authors":"Marion Delphin, James Campbell, Eloi R Verrier, Motswedi Anderson, Gloria Sukali, Tongai Maponga, Alexander Stockdale, Philippa C Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We set out to evaluate the extent to which Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Clinical Trials (CT) include populations from the World Health Organisation (WHO) African region, aiming to highlight inequities and advocate for global investment in inclusive HDV research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened the clinicaltrial.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) repositories for 'Hepatitis Delta virus' and 'HDV' related CT. Datasets were merged using R v.4.2.1. We classified studies according to location and associated WHO region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 47 CT on HDV, mainly conducted in Europe (69.3%), Western Pacific (19.6%) and the Americas (8.5%). Despite the highest estimated anti-HDV seroprevalence in the general population, there were no CT registered in the WHO African region. CT are still predominantly done in the regions of initial drug discovery, as seen with bulevirtide (Europe) and lonafarnib (Americas).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HDV-focused CT are needed in the WHO African region, as the region with the highest disease burden, and unique genotypes (5-8); to evaluate efficacy of novel anti-HDV compounds and to ensure that new treatments can be distributed and deployed as they become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106514"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic school children and adults are important for the human infectious reservoir for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low endemicity in The Gambia","authors":"Harouna M. Soumare ,&nbsp;Sara Lynn Blanken ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Ahmad ,&nbsp;Michael Ooko ,&nbsp;Pa Modou Gaye ,&nbsp;Lamin Jadama ,&nbsp;Muhammed M. Camara ,&nbsp;Ebrima A. Jawara ,&nbsp;Kjerstin Lanke ,&nbsp;Amie Kolleh Njie ,&nbsp;Michael Mendy ,&nbsp;Blessed Etoketim ,&nbsp;Lamin Camara ,&nbsp;Mamadou O. Ndiath ,&nbsp;Bakary Conteh ,&nbsp;Nuredin Muhammed ,&nbsp;Seyi Soremekun ,&nbsp;Abdoullah Nyassi ,&nbsp;Annette Erhart ,&nbsp;Chris Drakeley ,&nbsp;Marta Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In The Gambia, the scale-up of malaria control interventions in the past decades resulted in a substantial decrease of the malaria burden. However, low levels of malaria transmission persist.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational cohort study in eastern Gambia to better understand the relative contribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections to the infectious reservoir. Parasite and gametocyte carriage were determined by molecular methods. Infectiousness to mosquitoes was assessed by mosquito membrane feeding assays on a subset of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals identified by passive case detection and community surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incidence of clinical malaria was 1.46 episodes/100 person-months. Prevalence of malaria infection as determined by PCR in community surveys was 10.5%. Among asymptomatic malaria-infected individuals, total parasite density was positively associated with gametocyte density (β = 0.40; P &lt; .0001). Mosquito infection rates in membrane feeding experiments were positively associated with gametocyte density (β = 2.81; P &lt; 0.0001). More than 84% of mosquito infections occurred in asymptomatic individuals with patent infections, with the highest contribution from older children (40.3%), and adolescents and adults (45.5%). Clinical malaria cases identified by passive case detection were responsible for only 1% of mosquito infections; if the definition of clinical malaria included infected individuals identified by community surveys with a history of fever in the preceding week, the contribution of clinical cases to mosquito infections increased to 16%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In eastern Gambia, malaria transmission is maintained by asymptomatic malaria-infected individuals, mostly adults, adolescents and school-age children, while clinical cases are comparatively less important for transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 1","pages":"Article 106507"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the emergence of resistance with sotrovimab in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19: LUNAR study","authors":"Judith Breuer ,&nbsp;Myriam Drysdale ,&nbsp;Jill Walker ,&nbsp;Jennifer Han ,&nbsp;Alicia Aylott ,&nbsp;Melissa K. Van Dyke ,&nbsp;Helen J. Birch ,&nbsp;Elizabeth McKie ,&nbsp;William Jordan ,&nbsp;Kim Gemzoe ,&nbsp;Iain A. Gillespie ,&nbsp;Claire Bethune ,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Williams ,&nbsp;Jonathan Underwood ,&nbsp;Anna L. Goodman ,&nbsp;Michael Brown ,&nbsp;Julianne R. Brown ,&nbsp;Rachel Williams ,&nbsp;Luz Marina Martin Bernal ,&nbsp;Laura Buggiotti ,&nbsp;David M. Lowe","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess outcomes in sotrovimab-treated immunocompromised patients in the United Kingdom.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multicenter, prospective, observational, descriptive study in immunocompromised, non-hospitalized adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received intravenous sotrovimab 500 mg as standard-of-care (July 1, 2022–June 30, 2023; Omicron predominance). Virology analyses included determination of SARS-CoV-2 viral load, spike sequencing, and determination of amino-acid substitutions in the spike protein and sotrovimab epitope.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of participants (N = 217) with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA was 25.1% at day 7, 65.8% at day 14%, and 83.5% at day 28. Of 156 participants with paired sequences, 101 (64.7%) and 47 (30.1%) had treatment-emergent substitutions at &gt;50% allelic frequency in the spike protein and sotrovimab epitope, respectively, at any post-baseline timepoint. Ten treatment-emergent substitutions (at positions 337, 340, and 356) were identified in the epitope at &gt;50% allelic frequency. Five of 18 (27.8%) participants with, <em>versus</em> 22/30 (73.3%) of those without, treatment-emergent epitope substitutions at day 14 achieved undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels at day 28.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this immunocompromised population infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received early treatment with sotrovimab, most participants (83.5%) experienced substantial viral load reductions by day 28. Treatment-emergent substitutions occurred in the sotrovimab epitope, including substitutions known to reduce susceptibility <em>in vitro</em>. Several treatment-emergent substitutions were associated with viral persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 1","pages":"Article 106510"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of greater immune aging among untreated HIV slow progressors than antiretroviral-controlled people living with HIV","authors":"Anthony Y.Y. Hsieh ,&nbsp;Renying Cai ,&nbsp;Nicole F. Bernard ,&nbsp;Cécile L. Tremblay ,&nbsp;Hélène C.F. Côté ,&nbsp;for the CIHR team grant on cellular aging and HIV comorbidities in women and children (CARMA)","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Uncontrolled HIV viremia results in the progression to AIDS, however, this can be stopped with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Slow progressors are rare individuals who can prevent or delay HIV disease progression without ART. It is unknown whether they experience immune aging akin to normal progressors on ART.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated persons living with HIV (PWH) who were either HIV slow progressors (n = 58), PWH on ART with undetectable HIV viremia (n = 58), or PWH not on ART with detectable viremia (n = 26), and 56 controls without HIV. The groups were well matched for age and sex. A panel of T-cell differentiation and immune aging markers was measured, along with T and B cell subset telomere length, adjusting for major confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative to the ART-suppressed HIV group, slow progressors showed immune aging markers indicative of more advanced aging, including lower CD8 naïve:effector memory ratio (standardized effect size −0.41 [95% CI −0.74, −0.07]), and shorter telomere length in B cells (−0.52 [−0.97, −0.07]), CD4 T cells (−0.58 [−0.94, −0.23]), and proliferative CD8 cells (−0.41 [−0.80, −0.01]). Comparison of slow progressors with the control group without HIV showed the same effects. Further, within the slow progressor group, immune aging patterns for the subgroup of elite controllers were not different.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that despite natural host control of HIV replication, slow progressors show evidence of disproportionately advanced immune aging. This reinforces the potential benefit of ART and emphasizes the need to both diagnose slow progressors and study their potential age-related comorbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 1","pages":"Article 106511"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anopheles mosquito exposure is associated with age, gender and bed net use in areas in Uganda experiencing varying malaria transmission intensity","authors":"Sara Lynn Blanken ,&nbsp;Maxwell Kilama ,&nbsp;Jordache Ramjith ,&nbsp;Alex K. Musiime ,&nbsp;Kjerstin Lanke ,&nbsp;Daniel Ayo ,&nbsp;Kristiaan Huijbers ,&nbsp;Tom Hofste ,&nbsp;Melissa Conrad ,&nbsp;Paul Krezanoski ,&nbsp;Grant Dorsey ,&nbsp;Moses R. Kamya ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Arinaitwe ,&nbsp;Teun Bousema","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The number of <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito bites a person receives determines the risk of acquiring malaria and the likelihood of transmitting infections to mosquitoes. We assessed heterogeneity in <em>Anopheles</em> biting and associated factors in two settings in Uganda with different endemicity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasites in blood-fed indoor caught <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes were quantified using qPCR targeting the Pf18S rRNA gene. Human DNA in dried blood spots from household occupants and mosquito blood meals was profiled using 15 short-tandem repeats (STRs) and analysed using a log-likelihood approach for matching of both single and multi-sourced blood meals and incomplete DNA profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The distribution of mosquito bites was non-random; school-age children (5–15 years) and adults (≥16 years) had a mosquito biting rate ratio (BRR) 1.76 (95%CI 1.27–2.44, P &lt; 0.001) and 1.96 (95%CI 1.41–2.73, P &lt; 0.0001) times that of children under 5 years, respectively. Biting rates were lower in bed net users (BRR: 0.80, 95%CI 0.65–0.99, P = 0.042), and higher in males (BRR: 1.30, 95%CI 1.01–1.66, P = 0.043) and individuals infected with <em>P. falciparum</em> (BRR: 1.42, 95%CI 1.03–1.96, P = 0.030), though the latter effect lost statistical significance in sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adults and school-age children are at higher risk of receiving mosquito bites, and this has implications for the relative importance of demographic populations to onward malaria transmission to mosquitoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 1","pages":"Article 106508"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}