Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering最新文献_第6页

Integrated photonic neuromorphic computing: opportunities and challenges 集成光子神经形态计算：机遇与挑战

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00050-9

Nikolaos Farmakidis, Bowei Dong, Harish Bhaskaran

{"title":"Integrated photonic neuromorphic computing: opportunities and challenges","authors":"Nikolaos Farmakidis, Bowei Dong, Harish Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00050-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00050-9","url":null,"abstract":"Using photons in lieu of electrons to process information has been an exciting technological prospect for decades. Optical computing is gaining renewed enthusiasm, owing to the accumulated maturity of photonic integrated circuits and the pressing need for faster processing to cope with data generated by artificial intelligence. In neuromorphic photonics, the bosonic nature of light is exploited for high-speed, densely multiplexed linear operations, whereas the superior computing modalities of biological neurons are imitated to accelerate computations. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in integrated synaptic optical devices and on-chip photonic neural networks focusing on the location in the architecture at which the optical to electrical conversion takes place. We present challenges associated with electro-optical conversions, implementations of optical nonlinearity, amplification and processing in the time domain, and we identify promising emerging photonic neuromorphic hardware. Neuromorphic photonics is an emerging computing platform that addresses the growing computational demands of modern society. We review advances in integrated neuromorphic photonics and discuss challenges associated with electro-optical conversions, implementations of nonlinearity, amplification and processing in the time domain.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"358-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Industry perspective on power electronics for electric vehicles 从行业角度看电动汽车的电力电子技术

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00055-4

Chang-Ching Tu, Chia-Lung Hung, Kuo-Bin Hong, Surya Elangovan, Wei-Chen Yu, Yu-Sheng Hsiao, Wei-Cheng Lin, Rustam Kumar, Zhen-Hong Huang, Yu-Heng Hong, Yi-Kai Hsiao, Ray-Hua Horng, Bing-Yue Tsui, Tian-Li Wu, Jr-Hau He, Hao-Chung Kuo

{"title":"Industry perspective on power electronics for electric vehicles","authors":"Chang-Ching Tu, Chia-Lung Hung, Kuo-Bin Hong, Surya Elangovan, Wei-Chen Yu, Yu-Sheng Hsiao, Wei-Cheng Lin, Rustam Kumar, Zhen-Hong Huang, Yu-Heng Hong, Yi-Kai Hsiao, Ray-Hua Horng, Bing-Yue Tsui, Tian-Li Wu, Jr-Hau He, Hao-Chung Kuo","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00055-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00055-4","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the global effort towards reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from cars, the gradual phase out of fuel cars accompanied by the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has become a megatrend. Despite the rapid growth of electric vehicle markets worldwide, the leading manufacturers recently announced notable price reductions to compete for market shares. From the technology perspective, for fast charging and extended driving range, more electric vehicles now shift to 800-V batteries with the traction inverters based on wide-bandgap SiC, which can lead to higher efficiency and higher power densities compared with the Si counterparts. However, to further reduce the SiC substrate and epitaxy cost remains a challenge. By contrast, for the DC–DC converters and onboard chargers of electric vehicles, the power switches based on GaN enable fast switching, which can significantly reduce the module form factors. However, the high-voltage reliability concerns associated with the heteroepitaxial defects affect the widespread adoption of GaN in electric vehicles. In this Review, we present a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art power electronics for electric vehicles based on Si, SiC and GaN technologies from the device to circuit and module levels. Various competing technologies are evaluated in consideration of not only efficiency but also cost and reliability, which constitute the three main pillars supporting the continuous growth of electric vehicle power electronics. This Review discusses the state-of-the-art power electronics in electric vehicles based on Si, SiC and GaN from an industry perspective, with a particular focus on the module power densities, efficiencies, costs and reliabilities with the 800-V battery.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"435-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rate-splitting multiple-access-enabled V2X communications 支持速率分割多路访问的 V2X 通信

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00065-2

Lishu Wu

引用次数: 0

Robust pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces 用于生物电子界面的稳健型纯 PEDOT:PSS 水凝胶

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00066-1

Silvia Conti

引用次数: 0

Unlocking net-zero in semiconductor manufacturing 在半导体制造中实现零净排放

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00062-5

Mark Nikolka, Sebastian Göke, Ondrej Burkacky, Peter Spiller, Mark Patel

引用次数: 0

Advances in information processing and biological imaging using flat optics 利用平面光学技术在信息处理和生物成像方面取得的进展

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00057-2

Xinwei Wang, Huijie Hao, Xiaoyuan He, Peng Xie, Jian Liu, Jiubin Tan, Haoyu Li, Hao Wang, Patrice Genevet, Yu Luo, Xumin Ding, Guangwei Hu

{"title":"Advances in information processing and biological imaging using flat optics","authors":"Xinwei Wang, Huijie Hao, Xiaoyuan He, Peng Xie, Jian Liu, Jiubin Tan, Haoyu Li, Hao Wang, Patrice Genevet, Yu Luo, Xumin Ding, Guangwei Hu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00057-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00057-2","url":null,"abstract":"Flat optical components (metasurfaces) made from artificial electromagnetic materials (metamaterials) have opened new possibilities for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves within compact multifunctional devices. This field encompasses the development of individual optical elements and their integration into systems for use in real-world applications, especially in optical information processing, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), augmented or virtual reality, and biological imaging. This comprehensive Review highlights advances in the use of flat optics in analog computational information processing and imaging applications and emphasizes their fundamental role in transfer function engineering. The natural synergy between flat optics and computational technologies is described in relation to advanced imaging and microscopy solutions that have the potential for simultaneous information acquisition and processing. An outlook on future developments, including critical insights for both newcomers and experts in this field, is also provided. Flat optics enable light manipulation at the subwavelength scale and provide a compact, wave-based, information processing and acquisition platform. Here, Wang et al. focus on the emerging interdisciplinary field of computational flat optic imaging applications and reveal their intrinsic connections.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"391-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural architecture search for in-memory computing-based deep learning accelerators 基于内存计算的深度学习加速器的神经架构搜索

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00052-7

Olga Krestinskaya, Mohammed E. Fouda, Hadjer Benmeziane, Kaoutar El Maghraoui, Abu Sebastian, Wei D. Lu, Mario Lanza, Hai Li, Fadi Kurdahi, Suhaib A. Fahmy, Ahmed Eltawil, Khaled N. Salama

{"title":"Neural architecture search for in-memory computing-based deep learning accelerators","authors":"Olga Krestinskaya, Mohammed E. Fouda, Hadjer Benmeziane, Kaoutar El Maghraoui, Abu Sebastian, Wei D. Lu, Mario Lanza, Hai Li, Fadi Kurdahi, Suhaib A. Fahmy, Ahmed Eltawil, Khaled N. Salama","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00052-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00052-7","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of artificial intelligence and the increasing complexity of neural network models are driving demand for efficient hardware architectures that can address power-constrained and resource-constrained deployments. In this context, the emergence of in-memory computing (IMC) stands out as a promising technology. For this purpose, several IMC devices, circuits and architectures have been developed. However, the intricate nature of designing, implementing and deploying such architectures necessitates a well-orchestrated toolchain for hardware–software co-design. This toolchain must allow IMC-aware optimizations across the entire stack, encompassing devices, circuits, chips, compilers, software and neural network design. The complexity and sheer size of the design space involved renders manual optimizations impractical. To mitigate these challenges, hardware-aware neural architecture search (HW-NAS) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate the design of streamlined neural networks tailored for efficient deployment on IMC hardware. This Review illustrates the application of HW-NAS to the specific features of IMC hardware and compares existing optimization frameworks. Ongoing research and unresolved issues are discussed. A roadmap for the evolution of HW-NAS for IMC architectures is proposed. Hardware-aware neural architecture search (HW-NAS) can be used to design efficient in-memory computing (IMC) hardware for deep learning accelerators. This Review discusses methodologies, frameworks, ongoing research, open issues and recommendations, and provides a roadmap for HW-NAS for IMC.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"374-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44287-024-00052-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards prosthetic limbs and assistive devices controlled via the myokinetic interface 开发通过肌动界面控制的假肢和辅助设备

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00043-8

Christian Cipriani

引用次数: 0

Towards interdisciplinary integration of electrical engineering and earth science 实现电气工程与地球科学的跨学科融合

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00042-9

Jiaqi Ruan, Zhao Xu, Hui Su

引用次数: 0

Growing together through networking 通过网络共同成长

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00060-7

引用次数: 0