Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering最新文献_第5页

Flexible electronics for forest and veterinary health monitoring 用于森林和兽医健康监测的柔性电子设备

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00291-w

Sagar Arya, Martin Pumera

{"title":"Flexible electronics for forest and veterinary health monitoring","authors":"Sagar Arya, Martin Pumera","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00291-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00291-w","url":null,"abstract":"Intensifying public concern over environmental degradation and food safety is driving urgent demand for advanced, robust monitoring systems in forests and veterinary healthcare. Forests face escalating threats from climate change, wildfires, pests and diseases, whereas livestock and companion animals require timely detection of behavioural and pathological changes to curb outbreaks and safeguard welfare. Traditional monitoring approaches remain largely target-specific, invasive, costly and ill-suited to continuous, on-site decision-making. The growing interconnectedness of forest ecosystems, livestock, companion animals and human populations further amplifies these risks through potential zoonotic spillovers and shared environmental pressures. Advances in flexible electronics now offer a powerful, non-invasive solution. By integrating electroactive materials, multimodal sensing and wireless communication, these lightweight, adaptable devices enable real-time tracking of plant physiology, animal vital signs and surrounding microenvironments directly in challenging field conditions. Emerging wearable and bioelectronic platforms, spanning leaf-mounted and stem-mounted sensors for trees, skin-conformable patches for livestock and companion animals, and advanced interfaces at cellular and subcellular scales, promise to deliver high-resolution, multiplexed data that can support proactive interventions. This Review explores these innovations, their cross-domain synergies and the technological, practical and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome to realize scalable, sustainable deployment across forestry and veterinary settings. Flexible electronics can transform forest and veterinary health monitoring by enabling real-time, non-invasive tracking of plant physiology, animal vital signs and environmental conditions. This Review explores wearable and bioelectronic platforms for smart forestry and veterinary care, highlights their potential to improve ecosystem health and prevent disease outbreaks, and discusses key challenges and opportunities for scalable deployment.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 6","pages":"341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spin light-emitting diodes 旋转发光二极管

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00284-9

Yuan Lu, Pierre Renucci, Xavier Marie, Matthew C. Beard, Nils C. Gerhardt, Henri Jaffrès, Igor Žutić

{"title":"Spin light-emitting diodes","authors":"Yuan Lu, Pierre Renucci, Xavier Marie, Matthew C. Beard, Nils C. Gerhardt, Henri Jaffrès, Igor Žutić","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00284-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00284-9","url":null,"abstract":"Spin light-emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) convert carrier-spin polarization into photon circular polarization via electrical control of spin injection. They are key building blocks for spin-optoelectronic technologies, which hold great potential for a wide range of applications, such as optical communications, 3D displays and biomedical analysis. In this Review, we summarize the main developments in spin-LED injectors and emitters and identify strategies to overcome the key obstacles toward high, electrically controllable circular polarization. We first outline approaches to develop spin injectors that enable efficient electrical control of spin injection. We then present III–V semiconductors, 2D materials and hybrid perovskites as suitable material platforms for spin-photon interconversion. We argue that spin-injector engineering is necessary to achieve high circular polarization, eliminate external magnetic fields, and enable electrical switching of polarization helicity. Finally, we highlight future research directions aimed at high-speed polarization modulation, spin-laser operation and spin-based single-photon sources for quantum optics. Spin light-emitting diodes convert electrically injected carrier spin into circularly polarized light. This Review highlights advances in spin injectors and emitter materials, and strategies for high electrically controlled polarization without magnetic fields for circular polarization-based spin-optoelectronic applications like optical communications.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 5","pages":"316-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solution-processed thin-film perovskites for high-performance optoelectronics 用于高性能光电子学的溶液处理薄膜钙钛矿

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00288-5

Lin Zhu (, ), Boyuan Wang (, ), Chao Ma (, ), Qiming Peng (, ), Wei Huang (, ), Jianpu Wang (, )

{"title":"Solution-processed thin-film perovskites for high-performance optoelectronics","authors":"Lin Zhu \u0000 (, ), Boyuan Wang \u0000 (, ), Chao Ma \u0000 (, ), Qiming Peng \u0000 (, ), Wei Huang \u0000 (, ), Jianpu Wang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00288-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00288-5","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconducting metal-halide perovskites have exceptional optoelectronic properties such as high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and tunable bandgaps. These thin-film perovskites can also be fabricated cost-effectively through solution processing, making them highly attractive for photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. In this Review, we examine the relationship between film formation and device performance in perovskite optoelectronics. The operational principles of these devices are tightly linked to the quality and morphology of the thin-film perovskite. Unlike conventional semiconductors such as silicon or organic molecules, perovskite film formation involves precursor preparation, coating, reaction and crystallization. Secondary bonding interactions regulate crystallization kinetics and defect passivation, offering a powerful strategy to modulate film growth. The stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices is governed by the thin-film quality established during film formation. We propose that a synergy between primary and secondary bonds enhances intrinsic stability, enabling stable transport materials to overcome the key industrial bottleneck of a long-term operational lifetime. Thin-film perovskites are excellent semiconductors for optoelectronics. This Review discusses their device design principles and film requirements, with a focus on how secondary bonds regulate crystallization to achieve high-quality films for high-performance devices.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 6","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safeguarding electric vehicle batteries through public charging networks 通过公共充电网络保护电动汽车电池

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00293-8

Ruohan Guo, Jinpeng Tian, Weijie Mai, Jintao Huang, Weixiang Shen, Chi Yung Chung

引用次数: 0

AI robotics research in manufacturing at Sungkyunkwan University 成均馆大学的制造业人工智能机器人研究

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00292-9

Eun-Ho Lee, Hyungpil Moon, Miranda L. Vinay

引用次数: 0

Mind the system losses as renewables scale 注意可再生能源规模扩大带来的系统损失

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00290-x

引用次数: 0

Constellation shaping for 6G communication and integrated sensing 6G通信与集成传感星座塑造

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00289-4

Miranda L. Vinay

引用次数: 0

CMOS compatibility of semiconductor spin qubits 半导体自旋量子比特的CMOS兼容性

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00283-w

Nard Dumoulin Stuyck, Andre Saraiva, Will Gilbert, Jesus Cifuentes Pardo, Ruoyu Li, Christopher C. Escott, Kristiaan De Greve, Sorin Voinigescu, David J. Reilly, Andrew S. Dzurak

{"title":"CMOS compatibility of semiconductor spin qubits","authors":"Nard Dumoulin Stuyck, Andre Saraiva, Will Gilbert, Jesus Cifuentes Pardo, Ruoyu Li, Christopher C. Escott, Kristiaan De Greve, Sorin Voinigescu, David J. Reilly, Andrew S. Dzurak","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00283-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00283-w","url":null,"abstract":"Existing quantum processors contain far fewer qubits than the millions required to ensure that their economic value exceeds their cost, the point known as utility scale. Scaling these systems will involve surmounting several engineering challenges, such as the large-scale co-integration of qubits with low-power control electronics and the management of device variability. Many of these challenges have already been addressed by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry, which makes semiconductor spin qubits particularly promising for utility-scale quantum computing because of their inherent compatibility with industry processes. In this Review, we discuss the overlap between state-of-the-art semiconductor spin-qubit systems and the very-large-scale integration principles of the CMOS industry, identifying the main differences in terms of operation, materials and system requirements to bring spin-qubit systems to CMOS foundries. This relationship stands in contrast to other qubit systems that are being retrofitted for CMOS compatibility. We show that close collaboration between spin-qubit experts and their CMOS industry partners will accelerate the industrial-scale production of fault-tolerant processors. Semiconductor spin qubits are widely viewed as a promising route to scalable quantum computing. This Review evaluates integration challenges across the quantum–classical stack and discusses how established semiconductor design principles could underpin industrial-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 5","pages":"300-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender, belonging and the unseen dynamics that shapes academic inequality 性别、归属感和塑造学术不平等的无形动力

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00287-6

Sarune Savickaite

引用次数: 0

Topology in electrically pumped photonic-crystal lasers 电泵浦光子晶体激光器的拓扑结构

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00281-y

Bofeng Zhu, Hanyu Liu, Qian Wang, Y. D. Chong, Qi Jie Wang

{"title":"Topology in electrically pumped photonic-crystal lasers","authors":"Bofeng Zhu, Hanyu Liu, Qian Wang, Y. D. Chong, Qi Jie Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00281-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00281-y","url":null,"abstract":"In electrically pumped semiconductor lasers, microfabricated structures, including photonic crystals, are used to reduce device footprints; however, this miniaturization can come at the cost of reduced robustness of lasing performance against external perturbations. Topological concepts have been integrated into the design of photonic crystals to improve robustness and achieve other functionalities. This Review surveys a range of emerging design toolkits, including Chern and valley Hall lattices, which host robust edge modes; topological crystalline insulator lattices, which host symmetry-protected corner states; Dirac-vortex cavities, which isolate a single lasing mode in an ultrawide free spectral range; and bound states in the continuum, which aim to boost quality factors without enlarging the footprint. We outline how topological modes can be used in compact laser sources, as well as future directions of research, including the exploitation of non-Hermitian band topology, non-linear gain dynamics and quasiperiodic order. This Review summarizes the use of topological modes to enable compact laser architectures, alongside emerging research directions involving non-Hermitian band topology, non-linear gain dynamics and quasiperiodic ordering.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 5","pages":"288-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0