Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering最新文献_第4页

p-Type 2D transistors from contact physics to complementary integration p型二维晶体管从接触物理到互补集成

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00297-4

Saptarshi Das

{"title":"p-Type 2D transistors from contact physics to complementary integration","authors":"Saptarshi Das","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00297-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00297-4","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as strong candidates for beyond-silicon electronics. Their integration into complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, however, requires both n- and p-type field-effect transistors with competitive performance, scalability and reliability. Although n-type devices remain more mature, p-type 2D field-effect transistors are beginning to support complementary circuits and monolithic three-dimensional integration. This Review examines the physical and technological factors governing CMOS-grade parity in p-type 2D field-effect transistors. Emphasis is placed on contact engineering, including Schottky barrier control, contact scaling and edge-contact strategies compatible with advanced technology nodes. The Review also considers top-gate integration, threshold-voltage engineering for circuit design, and reliability evaluation for scaled devices. Channel growth, selective doping and defect reduction are discussed as essential materials and process requirements for manufacturable technologies. Finally, reporting protocols are outlined to enable consistent benchmarking across studies and to guide scalable complementary and vertically integrated 2D electronics. Moving beyond silicon electronics with n- and p-type field-effect transistors requires competitive performance, scalability and reliability. This Review examines how the gap between p-type two-dimensional transistors and their n-type counterparts for complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-grade complementary and three-dimensional integrated electronics is narrowing.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 7","pages":"421-435"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum magnetic sensors for wearable reality 可穿戴现实的量子磁传感器

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00304-8

Hadi Heidari, Kianoush Nazarpour

引用次数: 0

Photonics Europe 2026 光子欧洲2026

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00305-7

Rachel Won

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Spin light-emitting diodes 作者更正：旋转发光二极管

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00306-6

Yuan Lu, Pierre Renucci, Xavier Marie, Matthew C. Beard, Nils C. Gerhardt, Henri Jaffrès, Igor Žutić

引用次数: 0

From electricity outage analysis and monitoring to mitigation and restoration 从停电分析和监测到缓解和恢复

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00298-3

Yitong Liu, Alaa Selim, Ian Dobson, Junbo Zhao, Giovanni Sansavini, Bálint Hartmann, Fei Ding

{"title":"From electricity outage analysis and monitoring to mitigation and restoration","authors":"Yitong Liu, Alaa Selim, Ian Dobson, Junbo Zhao, Giovanni Sansavini, Bálint Hartmann, Fei Ding","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00298-3","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity outages can seriously disrupt daily life and essential services. In this Review, we take a close look at outage analysis, monitoring, mitigation and restoration. Primary causes and counter-strategies for selected major outage events from the past decade are reviewed to provide insight into metrics that measure grid resilience. Clear metrics help pinpoint the main causes, identify weak points in the system and evaluate investment impact in grid strengthening, speeding up restoration. Alongside empirical datasets, advanced sensors provide a grid’s real-time information, facilitating early problem detection, timely outage localization and preventive maintenance. Automated grid controls can stop initial disturbances from turning into system-wide blackouts, and restoration strategies are designed to restore power sooner despite cyber risks. As power systems continue to evolve, this Review endeavours to provide practical insights into emerging challenges in outage management and future perspectives on building a resilient and reliable power system. Electricity outages arise from combined environmental, structural and operational factors. This Review highlights their causes and management, and examines the use of utility data and analytical methods to support outage analysis, grid enhancement, situational monitoring, proactive mitigation and restoration.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 7","pages":"436-449"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum sensing and intelligent imaging research at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology 大邱庆北科学技术研究院量子传感和智能成像研究

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00299-2

Jong-Soo Lee, Miranda L. Vinay

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AI accelerates thermoelectric generator design 人工智能加速热电发电机设计

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00300-y

Jiahao Liu

引用次数: 0

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities in IoT devices 物联网设备中的网络安全漏洞

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00296-5

Chen Yan, Xiaoyu Ji, Qinhong Jiang, Kai Wang, Xintong Wang, Wenjun Zhu, Shilin Xiao, Xinfeng Li, Wenyuan Xu

{"title":"Cybersecurity vulnerabilities in IoT devices","authors":"Chen Yan, Xiaoyu Ji, Qinhong Jiang, Kai Wang, Xintong Wang, Wenjun Zhu, Shilin Xiao, Xinfeng Li, Wenyuan Xu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00296-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00296-5","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a network of devices equipped with sensing, computing and actuating capabilities, leading to a surge in cybersecurity vulnerabilities that threaten personal security and public safety. Addressing vulnerabilities is essential for ensuring IoT security. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of IoT device vulnerabilities and countermeasures, contrasting their characteristics with traditional computer vulnerabilities. We highlight that IoT device vulnerabilities are often complex and have far-reaching implications, owing to their deep integration with the physical and cyber domains. We propose a new taxonomy that categorizes IoT device vulnerabilities into in-band and out-of-band classifications, emphasizing emerging out-of-band vulnerabilities. We discuss advancements in vulnerability management technologies, including identification, assessment, remediation and mitigation. Our analysis highlights the need to extend beyond cyber-centric security paradigms to incorporate countermeasures that address cyber–physical interactions. We conclude by outlining future research directions, including generalizable vulnerability models, scalable identification pipelines, secure-by-design architectures and resilience for emerging systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) leads to a surge in cybersecurity vulnerabilities and attack incidents. This Review highlights the uniqueness of IoT device vulnerabilities and how identification, assessment, remediation and mitigation techniques can be used to achieve resilient IoT security.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 6","pages":"381-395"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio-inspired cognitive navigation for robots 机器人的仿生认知导航

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00294-7

Zhaotie Hao (, ), Bin Guo (, ), Yasan Ding (, ), Linwei Li (, ), Shiqi Liu (, ), Tingting Gao (, ), Sicong Liu (, ), Zhiwen Yu (, )

{"title":"Bio-inspired cognitive navigation for robots","authors":"Zhaotie Hao \u0000 (, ), Bin Guo \u0000 (, ), Yasan Ding \u0000 (, ), Linwei Li \u0000 (, ), Shiqi Liu \u0000 (, ), Tingting Gao \u0000 (, ), Sicong Liu \u0000 (, ), Zhiwen Yu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00294-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00294-7","url":null,"abstract":"Animals navigate unfamiliar environments for hours on minimal energy, yet current robotic navigation systems — whether model-based or data-driven — struggle to generalize, operate within tight energy budgets or respond rapidly enough to changing conditions. These shortcomings reflect a fundamental absence: robots lack the integrated cognitive architecture that underpins biological navigation. This Review examines how biological principles can close this gap, showing that cognitive maps, adaptive memory and hierarchical planning translate into robotic architectures capable of flexible, energy-efficient navigation, and evaluates real-world deployment, including low-power neuromorphic implementations. Bridging biology and engineering will require advances in spatial representation, knowledge use and spatial reasoning, together with sustained interdisciplinary collaboration. Animals navigate robustly by combining cognitive maps, adaptive memory and hierarchical planning, but robots lack this integrated cognitive architecture. This Review examines how biological navigation principles can be translated into robotic systems, addressing spatial representation, knowledge use, multi-scale planning, energy-efficient implementation and the open challenges facing real-world deployment.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 6","pages":"368-380"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum computing for smart grid 智能电网的量子计算

IF 34.8

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44287-026-00295-6

Fanfan Lin, Zeheng Wang, Chao Ren, Xinze Li, Juan José Rodríguez-Andina, Sergio Vazquez, H. Alan Mantooth, Mikael Skoglund, Timothy van der Laan, Muhammad Usman

{"title":"Quantum computing for smart grid","authors":"Fanfan Lin, Zeheng Wang, Chao Ren, Xinze Li, Juan José Rodríguez-Andina, Sergio Vazquez, H. Alan Mantooth, Mikael Skoglund, Timothy van der Laan, Muhammad Usman","doi":"10.1038/s44287-026-00295-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-026-00295-6","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grids are under a new kind of computational pressure. As renewable penetration, decentralization and digitalization deepen, design and scheduling problems turn combinatorial, modelling becomes multiphysics across timescales from nanoseconds to years and fault diagnostics must work from very few labelled examples. These shifts stretch the classical simulation, optimization and control workflows used at the converter and grid levels. In this Review, we ask where quantum computing could ease those bottlenecks. We treat the two levels together, because they expose the same family of difficulties and match the same family of quantum approaches — simulation, optimization, machine learning and security. Across four converter-level and five grid-level tasks, we identify where quantum approaches have a credible near-term role inside otherwise classical workflows and where they do not yet fit. We close with the shared technical and ecosystem barriers and a staged roadmap towards quantum-enabled smart grids. This Review explores how quantum computing could support future smart grids, from converter to gird levels. It explains where quantum methods may help with hard optimization, analysis, control and security tasks, where they do not yet fit and what steps are needed to move from theory to practice.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 7","pages":"406-420"},"PeriodicalIF":34.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0