Communications Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Family background and peer victimization are associated with generalized trust from adolescence to adulthood.","authors":"David Bürgin, Laura Bechtiger, Clarissa Janousch, Annekatrin Steinhoff, Maria Picazo Mora, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel Eisner, Lilly Shanahan","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00474-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00474-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust in others plays an important role in psychological development. However, longitudinal and developmentally informed research on trust remains limited and fragmented across disciplines. This study aimed to investigate the developmental course of generalized trust from adolescence into young adulthood, and to test sociodemographic, family-level, and peer victimization-related antecedents of trust in an urban cohort. Generalized trust was self-reported at age 13, 15, 17, 20, and 24 in the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso; n = 1,481). Mean-level and rank-order stability of trust were described. Growth trajectories were modeled using longitudinal linear mixed models (LMMs). Sociodemographic and childhood family-level factors, and longitudinal peer victimization were tested as predictors of trust. Mean-levels of trust followed a curvilinear trajectory characterized by an early decline from age 13 to 17 (Cohen's d = -.48) and a slight increase from age 17 to 24 (d = .11). Rank-order stability of trust increased throughout adolescence (Spearman's r = .40 to 0.58). Notably, socioeconomic disadvantage and migration background were each associated with widening trust disparities over time. Individuals from more disadvantaged backgrounds showed lower and more slowly recovering trust trajectories compared to their more advantaged peers. Maternal trust and parental involvement were associated with higher trust, whereas aversive parenting and parental divorce or separation were linked with lower trust. Peer victimization was associated with lower trust, while increases in peer victimization showed the strongest associations with trust at ages 17 and 20. Generalized trust is a malleable yet increasingly stable construct from adolescence into adulthood. Childhood and adolescent risk and protective factors are important contributors to trust development and should be considered when designing developmentally informed policies and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unified framework for characterizing response quality in surveys with multi-item scales.","authors":"Nivedita Bhaktha, Henning Silber, Clemens M Lechner","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00463-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00463-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-administered surveys are widely used but the quality of the survey responses have been a major concern. Low-quality responses threaten the validity and replicability of studies. To detect potentially problematic responses, many data quality indicators have been proposed. We propose a unifying conceptual framework for response quality issues in multi-item surveys as literature is scattered and suffers from a lack of conceptual and terminological clarity. The tripartite framework makes distinction between (1) response styles, (2) insufficient effort responding, and (3) response manipulation and delineates the relationship between different response quality indicators and the response quality issue(s) they measure. The framework provides a common theoretical point of reference and unified terminology for future work on response quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdependence explains how and when crises impact social cohesion.","authors":"Jesse Koster, Martin Lang, Paul A M Van Lange","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00471-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crises may bring people together or drive them apart. However, it is not clear whether crises undermine or enhance social cohesion or how such effects might develop over time. We compare four types of crises-natural hazards, pandemics, economic downturns, and wars-to explain their effects on social cohesion from an interdependence theoretical perspective. We argue that social cohesion depends on how much people depend on each other and the government, the (un)equality of these dependencies, and whether people's interests conflict or align. Based on our theory-guided review, we conclude that the four crises are likely to differ in how (and when) they might affect social cohesion within societies. These insights may help societies better prepare for future crises by clarifying when they may heighten cohesion or division.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic choice drives variability in patch foraging decisions in humans and rats.","authors":"Emma V Scholey, Matthew A J Apps, Mark D Humphries","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00465-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00465-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staying to exploit remaining resources or leaving to seek better options elsewhere is a fundamental decision across species. Optimal patch foraging theories propose deterministic rules for when to leave a depleting resource but real foragers show considerable variability in when they leave. Decisions between simultaneously-presented options are often assumed to follow a stochastic decision policy, adding randomness into the choice process to allow for exploration of potentially better alternatives. Whether a stochastic choice policy can account for variability in sequential foraging decisions, and what predictions such a policy makes for the mechanisms of foraging choice, are unknown. Here using patch foraging datasets in both humans (n = 39, n = 29) and rats (n = 8), we show that foragers making a stochastic choice of when to leave a patch is sufficient to explain their variability. We also show stochastic choice makes two unintuitive predictions, which we validate in our data. First, under a wide range of conditions, stochastic choice makes foragers' leaving variability independent of the rewards available in the environment. Second, that foragers use a suboptimal internal function for setting their choice stochasticity from their environment's average reward rate. Our findings suggest stochastic choice is an underappreciated but powerful contributor to foraging decisions, and highlight how behavioural variability, which is often overlooked, can reveal the algorithmic underpinning of decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-dependent interaction between goal-directed and habitual control under time pressure.","authors":"Ben J Wagner, Sascha Frölich, Sarah Schwöbel, Michael N Smolka, Stefan J Kiebel","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00455-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00455-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current theories of habitual behaviour assume that habits and goal-directed actions are controlled by two separate but interacting systems. However, it is not clear how these systems interact when actions must be made under time pressure. We use a task that induces habitual action sequences while requiring participants to perform goal-directed actions that are either congruent or incongruent with the habit. This task allows for the concurrent measurement of goal-directed and habitual behaviour, permitting a nuanced analysis of the interaction between these two control modes in a sample of 60 participants (30 male and 30 female). Using computational modelling, we find that models in which habit influence depends on the number of repetitions explain participant behaviour better than models assuming constant habit strength. We further show that participants modulate their use of the habit depending on the context: they selectively inhibited the habit when it was incongruent with their explicit goals and exploited it when the two were congruent. Drift-diffusion modelling of choices and reaction times shows a shift in response-bias when habits and goals align. Together, our results indicate that habitual and goal-directed actions interact in a context-dependent manner allowing for the adaptive allocation of proactive and reactive control.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal profiles of parental self- and child-focused emotion regulation.","authors":"Gesine Jordan, Kristina Stockinger, Christine Schiltz, Samuel Greiff, Ziwen Teuber","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00469-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00469-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parenting is an emotion-eliciting experience that requires parents to navigate the dual demands of regulating their own and their children's emotions, drawing on regulatory strategies such as reappraisal and rumination. However, patterns of self- and child-focused reappraisal and rumination and their associations with parental exhaustion, children's internalizing problems, children's academic achievement, and parent-child relationships remain underexplored. Our preregistered three-wave online study targeted U.S. parents of sixth-ninth graders (N = 1,046; 51.53% mothers; M_age = 43.22). We employed latent profile analyses and latent transition analyses. Results revealed three profiles of parental self- and child-focused emotion regulation strategies, stable across a 4-month timeframe: Reappraisers (T₁ ≈ 9%, T₂ ≈ 7%) showed high use of self- and child-focused reappraisal, self-ruminators (T₁ ≈ 25%, T₂ ≈ 31%) reported high self-focused rumination and low use of other strategies, and average regulators (T₁ ≈ 66%, T₂ ≈ 61%) showed moderate use of all strategies. In addition, reappraisers reported the lowest levels of parental exhaustion and children's internalizing problems and the highest parent-child relationship closeness. By contrast, self-ruminators reported the highest levels of parental exhaustion and children's internalizing problems and the lowest parent-child relationship closeness. However, profile membership did not predict children's academic achievement. The study provides important insights into distinct subgroups of parents on the basis of their combined use of self- and child-focused emotion regulation strategies, highlighting the differential relations of these strategies on parental well-being and child outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive yet suboptimal integration of advice in decision-making.","authors":"Joshua Zonca, Alice Giampino, Paolo Cherubini, Carlo Reverberi","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00456-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00456-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective use of advice is critical for sound decision-making, yet individuals often fail to fully benefit from external input. Across two experiments, 89 participants performed a perceptual decision-making task while interacting with seven artificial agents characterized by distinct cognitive and metacognitive profiles. By combining a Bayesian modeling approach with experimental data, we establish a normative benchmark to quantify the optimality of advice integration. We show that individuals adaptively adjust their reliance on advice based on the cognitive and metacognitive profiles of the different advisers. While this adaptation generally improves performance, the integration process remains significantly suboptimal, leading to a substantial loss in potential accuracy. This suboptimality is primarily driven by two integration errors. First, an egocentric bias leads decision-makers to overweight their own judgments and confidence signals relative to those of the adviser. Second, a global-to-local deficit prevents them from consistently translating knowledge of each partner's global traits into trial-level adjustments. These errors persist even when participants are explicitly informed of both their own and the adviser's attributes, indicating that the bottleneck is not ignorance but flawed information processing. Suboptimality is particularly severe when interacting with higher-quality advisers and varies widely across individuals, tied specifically to their own metacognitive sensitivity and calibration. Our findings reveal fundamental constraints in information integration with implications for both human-human and human-AI-assisted decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-brain processes during Live and Represented social moments are inter-related and shaped by behavioral synchrony.","authors":"Linoy Schwartz, Carmel Shilo, Olga Hayut, Jaden Brandet, Jonathan Levy, Itai Peleg, Ruth Feldman","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00468-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00468-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inter-brain synchrony has recently emerged as core mechanism of brain functioning. Two approaches distinctly measure cross-brain processes; during live social exchanges or passive observation of social stimuli, but are the two underpinned by similar processes? Guided by the biobehavioral synchrony frame, we utilized hyperscanning EEG and a paradigm developed for the current study to explore the linkage between inter-brain synchrony during Live and Represented social experiences. In Study 1 (n = 130) mother-adolescent dyads engaged in free interaction, coded for behavioral synchrony, and then observed this interaction in separate rooms. Greater neural synchrony across the fronto-temporal inter-brain network emerged during live social participation than passive observation of represented social moments, and the two were inter-related and predicted by behavioral synchrony. Study 2 (n = 54) tested the generalizability of the findings in unfamiliar adults and similarly found linkage between neural synchrony during live and represented experiences, both associated with behavioral synchrony. Shared social experiences create lasting neural synchrony that can be reactivated during subsequent invocation and depends on relationship quality and familiarity. Findings highlight the role of live social moments and their retention in memory in shaping the social brain and have implications for the integration of the third- and second-person perspectives in social neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13434436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situational enjoyment is associated with gaze behaviour during reading.","authors":"Adam James Parker, Amrita Bains, Dorothy Zhiyu Gao, Emma Hance, Yunxi Li, Yifangjia Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00472-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00472-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reading enjoyment is typically studied as a stable trait, yet enjoyment fluctuates within individuals. We examined how both trait- and state-level reading enjoyment are associated with engagement and eye movements during naturalistic reading. Seventy-six adults read 40 book synopses, rated their enjoyment, answered comprehension questions, and decided whether to wait to view the book cover, while their eye movements were recorded. Mixed-effects models disaggregated between-participant (trait) from within-participant (state) enjoyment. Both levels predicted greater willingness to wait and higher comprehension. Trait enjoyment was associated with longer passage and total word reading times. State enjoyment was linked to longer passage times, increased word skipping, faster early word processing, and increased regressions, suggesting more efficient first-pass reading accompanied by increased rereading. These findings suggest that momentary fluctuations in intrinsic motivation are systematically associated with differences in reading strategies, indicating a close link between perceived value and the allocation of cognitive resources during text processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices.","authors":"Ronald Fischer, Giovanna Bortolini, Tiago Bortolini, Everton O Maraldi, Larissa Hartle, Maria Vitória de Lima Varejão, Maria Clara Laport, Maria Eduarda Oliveira, Elliott Ihm, Ann Taves, Jorge Moll","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonordinary experiences (NOEs) that are subjectively marked as unusual or special have important implications for our understanding of consciousness but are challenging to quantify. Estimates of their prevalence vary widely across disciplines and research traditions, and the reasons for this variation remain unclear. We address this discrepancy in a series of six studies. In study 1, we validated 31 items using descriptive, non-judgmental phrasing of experiences (N = 1,284). In studies 2 to 4, we identified factors contributing to different prevalence rates (total N = 11,628). Study 2 showed that a mental health framing results in lower prevalence rates. Studies 3 to 4 demonstrated that dichotomous response options result in lower prevalence rates. Study 5 (N = 12,912) tested the comparative importance of these factors and showed that validity information (clarity and understandability of items), mental health framing of the study and response formats of items affect absolute point estimates, but relative lifetime prevalence rates can be estimated consistently. Study 6 (N = 11,628) reported the overall relative lifetime prevalence rates indicating that a sense of déjà vu, and unusually intense experiences of compassion and love ( > 70%) were relatively most prevalent; whereas perceptions of animated objects, devotion to objects or individuals, out-of-body experiences and seeing lights were rarer ( > 13%). Nonordinary experiences are common in general population samples, but study design choices obscure accurate prevalence estimates. Our approach enables the systematic identification of these experiences for studying consciousness in real-world contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}