Communications Psychology最新文献

Neural codes track prior events in a narrative and predict subsequent memory for details.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00211-y

Silvy H P Collin, Ross P Kempner, Sunita Srivatsan, Kenneth A Norman

{"title":"Neural codes track prior events in a narrative and predict subsequent memory for details.","authors":"Silvy H P Collin, Ross P Kempner, Sunita Srivatsan, Kenneth A Norman","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00211-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00211-y","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout our lives, we learn schemas that specify what types of events to expect in particular contexts and the temporal order in which these events usually occur. Here, our first goal was to investigate how such context-dependent temporal structures are represented in the brain during processing of temporally extended events. To accomplish this, we ran a 2-day fMRI study (N = 40) in which we exposed participants to many unique animated videos of weddings composed of sequences of rituals; each sequence originated from one of two fictional cultures (North and South), where rituals were shared across cultures, but the transition structure between these rituals differed across cultures. The results, obtained using representational similarity analysis, revealed that context-dependent temporal structure is represented in multiple ways in parallel, including distinct neural representations for the culture, for particular sequences, and for past and current events within the sequence. Our second goal was to test the hypothesis that neural schema representations scaffold memory for specific details. In keeping with this hypothesis, we found that the strength of the neural representation of the North/South schema for a particular wedding predicted subsequent episodic memory for the details of that wedding.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding learning through uncertainty and bias.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00203-y

Rasmus Bruckner, Hauke R Heekeren, Matthew R Nassar

引用次数: 0

AI can outperform humans in predicting correlations between personality items. 在预测性格项目之间的相关性方面，人工智能可以胜过人类。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00205-w

Philipp Schoenegger, Spencer Greenberg, Alexander Grishin, Joshua Lewis, Lucius Caviola

{"title":"AI can outperform humans in predicting correlations between personality items.","authors":"Philipp Schoenegger, Spencer Greenberg, Alexander Grishin, Joshua Lewis, Lucius Caviola","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00205-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00205-w","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the abilities of both specialized deep neural networks, such as PersonalityMap, and general LLMs, including GPT-4o and Claude 3 Opus, in understanding human personality by predicting correlations between personality questionnaire items. All AI models outperform the vast majority of laypeople and academic experts. However, we can improve the accuracy of individual correlation predictions by taking the median prediction per group to produce a \"wisdom of the crowds\" estimate. Thus, we also compare the median predictions from laypeople, academic experts, GPT-4o/Claude 3 Opus, and PersonalityMap. Based on medians, PersonalityMap and academic experts surpass both LLMs and laypeople on most measures. These results suggest that while advanced LLMs make superior predictions compared to most individual humans, specialized models like PersonalityMap can match even expert group-level performance in domain-specific tasks. This underscores the capabilities of large language models while emphasizing the continued relevance of specialized systems as well as human experts for personality research.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boredom signals deviation from a cognitive homeostatic set point.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00209-6

Chantal Trudel, Evan F Risko, John D Eastwood, Wijnand A P van Tilburg, Andreas Elpidorou, James Danckert

引用次数: 0

Publisher Correction: Humans rationally balance detailed and temporally abstract world models.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00194-w

Ari E Kahn, Nathaniel D Daw

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous thought separates into clusters of negative, positive, and flexible thinking.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00201-0

Marta Migó, Jessica A Cooper, Philip A Kragel, Michael T Treadway

{"title":"Spontaneous thought separates into clusters of negative, positive, and flexible thinking.","authors":"Marta Migó, Jessica A Cooper, Philip A Kragel, Michael T Treadway","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00201-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00201-0","url":null,"abstract":"The nature and frequency of spontaneous thoughts play a critical role in cognitive processes like perception, decision-making, attention, and memory. Deficits in these processes are also greatly associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology. However, the underlying cognitive dynamics of free and stuck spontaneous thought remain unclear, as these often occur in the absence of measurable behaviors. Here, we analyze free word-association data using attractor-state dynamic modeling, which conceptualizes stuck spontaneous thought as navigating a multidimensional semantic space while in the presence of strong attractor locations. Word-association data was collected from an exploratory sample (N1 = 65), a first replication sample (N2 = 79), and, following pre-registration, a second replication sample (N3 = 222). After the data was embedded into a 3-dimensional semantic space and fit by our dynamic model, unsupervised learning consistently grouped data into four clusters across all independent samples. These clusters were characterized by two distinct patterns of stuck negative thinking, a pattern of protective positive thinking, and a pattern of flexible mind-wandering. Our results support a method for modeling spontaneous thought and isolate distinct sub-types that may not be accessible using retrospective self-report methods. We discuss implications for clinical and cognitive science.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous tACS-fMRI reveals state- and frequency-specific modulation of hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00202-z

Max Kaiser, Yuejuan Wang, Sanne Ten Oever, Felix Duecker, Alexander T Sack, Vincent van de Ven

引用次数: 0

Predictive learning as the basis of the testing effect.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00200-1

Haopeng Chen, Cathy Hauspie, Kate Ergo, Cristian Buc Calderon, Tom Verguts

{"title":"Predictive learning as the basis of the testing effect.","authors":"Haopeng Chen, Cathy Hauspie, Kate Ergo, Cristian Buc Calderon, Tom Verguts","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00200-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00200-1","url":null,"abstract":"A prominent learning phenomenon is the testing effect, meaning that testing enhances retention more than studying. Emergent frameworks propose fundamental (Hebbian and predictive) learning principles as its basis. Predictive learning posits that learning occurs based on the contrast (error) between a prediction and the feedback on that prediction (prediction error). Here, we propose that in testing (but not studying) scenarios, participants predict potential answers, and its contrast with the subsequent feedback yields a prediction error, which facilitates testing-based learning. To investigate this, we developed an associative memory network incorporating Hebbian and/or predictive learning, together with an experimental design where human participants studied or tested English-Swahili word pairs followed by recognition. Three behavioral experiments (N = 80, 81, 62) showed robust testing effects when feedback was provided. Model fitting (of 10 different models) suggested that only models incorporating predictive learning can account for the breadth of data associated with the testing effect. Our data and model suggest that predictive learning underlies the testing effect.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error-driven upregulation of memory representations.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5

Alexander Weuthen, Hans Kirschner, Markus Ullsperger

{"title":"Error-driven upregulation of memory representations.","authors":"Alexander Weuthen, Hans Kirschner, Markus Ullsperger","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5","url":null,"abstract":"Learning an association does not always succeed on the first attempt. Previous studies associated increased error signals in posterior medial frontal cortex with improved memory formation. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms that facilitate post-error learning remain poorly understood. To address this gap, participants performed a feedback-based association learning task and a 1-back localizer task. Increased hemodynamic responses in posterior medial frontal cortex were found for internal and external origins of memory error evidence, and during post-error encoding success as quantified by subsequent recall of face-associated memories. A localizer-based machine learning model displayed a network of cognitive control regions, including posterior medial frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, whose activity was related to face-processing evidence in the fusiform face area. Representation strength was higher during failed recall and increased during encoding when subsequent recall succeeded. These data enhance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptive learning by linking the need for learning with increased processing of the relevant stimulus category.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A manifesto for a globally diverse, equitable, and inclusive open science.

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00179-1

Sakshi Ghai, Rémi Thériault, Patrick Forscher, Yuichi Shoda, Moin Syed, Arathy Puthillam, Hu Chuan Peng, Dana Basnight-Brown, Asifa Majid, Flavio Azevedo, Leher Singh

引用次数: 0