Communications Psychology最新文献

Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices. 不寻常经历的流行率估计取决于有效性和测量选择。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1

Ronald Fischer, Giovanna Bortolini, Tiago Bortolini, Everton O Maraldi, Larissa Hartle, Maria Vitória de Lima Varejão, Maria Clara Laport, Maria Eduarda Oliveira, Elliott Ihm, Ann Taves, Jorge Moll

{"title":"Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices.","authors":"Ronald Fischer, Giovanna Bortolini, Tiago Bortolini, Everton O Maraldi, Larissa Hartle, Maria Vitória de Lima Varejão, Maria Clara Laport, Maria Eduarda Oliveira, Elliott Ihm, Ann Taves, Jorge Moll","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nonordinary experiences (NOEs) that are subjectively marked as unusual or special have important implications for our understanding of consciousness but are challenging to quantify. Estimates of their prevalence vary widely across disciplines and research traditions, and the reasons for this variation remain unclear. We address this discrepancy in a series of six studies. In study 1, we validated 31 items using descriptive, non-judgmental phrasing of experiences (N = 1,284). In studies 2 to 4, we identified factors contributing to different prevalence rates (total N = 11,628). Study 2 showed that a mental health framing results in lower prevalence rates. Studies 3 to 4 demonstrated that dichotomous response options result in lower prevalence rates. Study 5 (N = 12,912) tested the comparative importance of these factors and showed that validity information (clarity and understandability of items), mental health framing of the study and response formats of items affect absolute point estimates, but relative lifetime prevalence rates can be estimated consistently. Study 6 (N = 11,628) reported the overall relative lifetime prevalence rates indicating that a sense of déjà vu, and unusually intense experiences of compassion and love ( > 70%) were relatively most prevalent; whereas perceptions of animated objects, devotion to objects or individuals, out-of-body experiences and seeing lights were rarer ( > 13%). Nonordinary experiences are common in general population samples, but study design choices obscure accurate prevalence estimates. Our approach enables the systematic identification of these experiences for studying consciousness in real-world contexts.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Young children expect and approve of teachers' gender stereotypes about academic interest. 幼儿期望并赞同教师对学术兴趣的性别刻板印象。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00459-y

Marianna Y Zhang, Mika Asaba, Julia A Leonard

引用次数: 0

Generated outcomes in risky choice reveal biased sampling and sequential dependencies. 在风险选择中产生的结果揭示了有偏差的抽样和顺序依赖性。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00467-y

Jake Spicer, Yun-Xiao Li, Lucas Castillo, Johanna K Falbén, C Stella Qian, Adam N Sanborn

{"title":"Generated outcomes in risky choice reveal biased sampling and sequential dependencies.","authors":"Jake Spicer, Yun-Xiao Li, Lucas Castillo, Johanna K Falbén, C Stella Qian, Adam N Sanborn","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00467-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00467-y","url":null,"abstract":"Recent decision-making models have explained behaviour using mental sampling mechanisms, but there is still little agreement on the specific sampling process, such as whether sampling rates match true probabilities. Here, we seek to trace the sampling process using generation tasks: in two experiments using general online samples (Ns = 52, 51), participants repeatedly produced potential outcomes from pairs of monetary gambles before choosing between them. Results found over-generation of rarer outcomes and under-generation of common outcomes overall, but not in initial responses, as well as avoidance of direct repetitions. Participants also tended to select options with higher average utility across their responses, implying generations guided choice. These findings suggest systematic biases in the information people may consider before a choice, and the influence that this can have on subsequent decisions, carrying implications for mental sampling models of this behaviour. We thus suggest explicit generation is a valuable method to access underlying choice processes, offering new assessments of existing theories of decision making.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The experience of cognitive conflict is intrinsically rewarding. 认知冲突的体验在本质上是有益的。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00462-3

Marta La Pietra, Marc-Lluís Vives, Nicola Molinaro, Manuela Ruzzoli

引用次数: 0

A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological and behavioural responses in human-agent vs. human-human interactions. 对人-代理人与人-人互动中心理和行为反应的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00466-z

Jianan Zhou, Fleur Corbett, Joori Byun, Talya Porat, Nejra van Zalk

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological and behavioural responses in human-agent vs. human-human interactions.","authors":"Jianan Zhou, Fleur Corbett, Joori Byun, Talya Porat, Nejra van Zalk","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00466-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00466-z","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive intelligent agents are being integrated across society. Despite achieving human-like capabilities, humans' responses to these agents remain poorly understood, with research fragmented across disciplines. We conducted a systematic synthesis comparing a range of psychological and behavioural responses in matched human-agent vs. human-human dyadic interactions. A total of 162 eligible studies (146 contributed to the meta-analysis; 468 effect sizes) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, which integrated frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Our results indicate that individuals exhibited less prosocial behaviour and moral engagement when interacting with agents vs. humans. They attributed less agency and responsibility to agents, perceiving them as less competent, likeable, and socially present. In contrast, individuals' social alignment (i.e., alignment or adaptation of internal states and behaviours with partners), trust in partners, personal agency, task performance, and interaction experiences were generally comparable when interacting with agents vs. humans. We observed high effect-size heterogeneity for many subjective responses (i.e., social perceptions of partners, subjective trust, and interaction experiences), suggesting context-dependency of partner effects. By examining the characteristics of studies, participants, partners, interaction scenarios, and response measures, we also identified several moderators shaping partner effects. Overall, functional behaviours and interaction experiences with agents can resemble those with humans, whereas fundamental social attributions and prosocial/moral concerns lag in human-agent interactions. Agents are thus afforded instrumental value on par with humans but lack comparable intrinsic value, providing implications for the development of interactive intelligent agents.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affective valence as a computational signal for learning value. 情感效价作为学习价值的计算信号。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00458-z

Yi Yang Teoh, Samantha Reisman, Joseph Heffner, Oriel FeldmanHall

引用次数: 0

Individual traits and experiences predict the content of dreams. 个人特质和经历可以预测梦的内容。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00447-2

Valentina Elce, Giorgia Bontempi, Serena Scarpelli, Bianca Pedreschi, Pietro Pietrini, Luigi De Gennaro, Michele Bellesi, Giulio Bernardi, Giacomo Handjaras

{"title":"Individual traits and experiences predict the content of dreams.","authors":"Valentina Elce, Giorgia Bontempi, Serena Scarpelli, Bianca Pedreschi, Pietro Pietrini, Luigi De Gennaro, Michele Bellesi, Giulio Bernardi, Giacomo Handjaras","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00447-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00447-2","url":null,"abstract":"Dreams are universal yet highly idiosyncratic experiences. While memories and personal concerns are known to influence dream content, how such influences evolve over time and how stable individual traits shape dreaming remain unclear. Here, we systematically quantified the semantic structure of dreams in a large, multimodal dataset comprising 3366 reports of dreams and waking experiences collected from 207 adults between 2020 and 2024, alongside demographic, cognitive, psychometric, and sleep measures. To this end, we combined large language model-assisted evaluation of hypothesis-driven semantic dimensions and a data-driven lexical domain approach. Relative to waking reports, dreams shifted from self-referential, thought-centered narratives to perceptual experiences dominated by visuo-spatial details, multiple characters, and bizarre events. Stable traits, including attitude toward dreaming, mind-wandering propensity, and subjective sleep quality, selectively influenced dream content. A second, independent dataset collected during the first 2020 COVID-19 lockdown (80 participants) allowed us to examine the impact of a major external stressor on dream semantics. During lockdown, dreams showed increased references to limitations and heightened emotional intensity, effects that gradually normalized over the following years. These findings demonstrate that stable individual traits and incidental experiences jointly shape dream semantics.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rebalancing psychology in China. 中国的再平衡心理。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00460-5

Xirui Tao, Yi Pu, Xiang-Zhen Kong

引用次数: 0

Motivation biases behavior but not perception. 动机会影响行为，但不会影响感知。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-04-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00461-4

Christian Wolf, Markus Lappe, Hugh Riddell

{"title":"Motivation biases behavior but not perception.","authors":"Christian Wolf, Markus Lappe, Hugh Riddell","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00461-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00461-4","url":null,"abstract":"Why do people differ in their perceptual judgment despite observing the same situation? According to \"motivated perception\", a person's motivation can alter how the brain interprets incoming sensory information. Yet, empirical support remains mixed, often due to methodological confounds. Here, we systematically tested whether motivation alters perception or whether it instead biases behavior. Across four experiments, we assessed the quality and quantity of motivation (self-concordance, value) and two key dimensions of perception: bias and sensitivity. Moreover, we tested two potentially mediating mechanisms (gaze position, spatial attention) as well as an implicit perceptual measure. Using smooth pursuit eye movements as an implicit measure of motion perception, we show that motivation biases responses without altering perception (Experiment 2, n = 20). Changes in perceptual sensitivity (Experiment 1, n = 60) and perceptual bias (Experiments 3-4, n = 16 and 24) only arise when participants can freely select their gaze position in response to uncertain or ambiguous visual displays. Our findings therefore challenge the notion of \"motivated perception\". Instead, they suggest that motivation shapes how we look and respond - but not how we perceive.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beliefs about accuracy shape confidence attributions to humans and artificial agents. 对准确性的信念塑造了对人类和人工代理的信心归因。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00445-4

Clara Colombatto, Stephen M Fleming

{"title":"Beliefs about accuracy shape confidence attributions to humans and artificial agents.","authors":"Clara Colombatto, Stephen M Fleming","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00445-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00445-4","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively communicate and collaborate with others, we must monitor not only other people's cognitive states (e.g., what someone thinks or believes) but also their metacognitive states (e.g., how confident they are in their beliefs). While humans routinely share confidence, either explicitly (e.g., \"I am sure\") or implicitly (e.g., via response times), metacognitive capabilities are still developing in artificial intelligence (AI), raising the question of how humans attribute confidence to AI systems. In seven pre-registered experiments (post-exclusion Ns = 113, 109, 56, 59, 52, 60, 57), participants observed human and AI agents make perceptual choices and reported how confident the observed agent seemed in each choice. Overall, attributions of confidence were sensitive to observed behaviour (e.g., task difficulty, accuracy, and response times), but also agent type: observers consistently overestimated the confidence of AI agents compared to humans-even when their behaviour was identical. This illusion of greater confidence in AI decisions was robust across behavioural profiles, agent descriptions, and decision-making domains (visual perception, general knowledge) but was reduced in more subjective decisions (emotion categorisation). An experimental manipulation further showed that illusions of confidence are rooted in prior beliefs about the agents' capabilities. Together, these investigations of metacognitive attributions reveal a powerful illusion of confidence in artificial systems and highlight a central role for attributions of metacognitive states in human-human and human-AI interactions.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0