Communications Psychology最新文献_第2页

Multilevel multiverse meta-analysis indicates lower IQ as a risk factor for physical and mental illness. 多层次多元宇宙荟萃分析表明，低智商是身体和精神疾病的危险因素。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00245-2

Jonathan Fries, Sandra Oberleiter, Fabian A Bodensteiner, Nikolai Fries, Jakob Pietschnig

{"title":"Multilevel multiverse meta-analysis indicates lower IQ as a risk factor for physical and mental illness.","authors":"Jonathan Fries, Sandra Oberleiter, Fabian A Bodensteiner, Nikolai Fries, Jakob Pietschnig","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00245-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00245-2","url":null,"abstract":"Is lower intelligence in early life an overlooked risk factor for later physical and mental illness? Intelligence shapes decision-making, career paths, and other health-relevant factors. However, our understanding of its association with health remains limited because there is no quantitative synthesis of the literature. Here, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between intelligence test scores and mental and physical health. We included studies reporting standardized intelligence test scores obtained in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood (<21 years of age) and their association with later-life health outcomes. We excluded studies limited to clinical populations without healthy controls. Our three-level multiverse analyses of 49 studies (N > 2,900,000) showed a 15-point IQ disadvantage in early life was associated with a 22 percent higher risk of later mental and physical illness (logHR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.13, 0.26]). Lower IQ predicted disease risk across various conditions, including schizophrenia, depression, dementia, and diabetes. Notably, the association between IQ and future health diminished with improved healthcare quality and when education was statistically held constant. Nevertheless, a meaningful effect of intelligence remained after adjusting for these variables. Multiple methods for detecting dissemination bias indicated that risk of bias was low. While our summary effect estimates are precise, all included data were collected in highly developed nations. Further, samples were predominantly male, potentially limiting generalizability. We show that lower IQ scores in early life are linked to a higher risk of later physical and mental illness. Improving education and healthcare quality appears as potential measures to address the issue. This research received no specific funding.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of artwork, court files, and lullabies. 艺术品，法庭文件，还有摇篮曲。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00253-2

引用次数: 0

Humorous peer play and social understanding in childhood. 儿童时期幽默的同伴游戏和社会理解。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00252-3

Amy Louise Paine, Salim Hashmi, Elian Fink, Peter Mitchell, Nina Howe

{"title":"Humorous peer play and social understanding in childhood.","authors":"Amy Louise Paine, Salim Hashmi, Elian Fink, Peter Mitchell, Nina Howe","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00252-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00252-3","url":null,"abstract":"Humour plays a crucial role in children's early interactions, likely promoting the development of social understanding and fostering positive social relationships. To date, the connection between humour production in peer play and the development of social understanding skills in middle childhood has received limited attention. In a community sample of 130 children residing in the UK (M = 6.16 years old, range 5-7; 67 [51.5%] girls, 62 [47.7%] boys, and 1 [0.8%] non-binary child; 95 [73.1%] mothers and 85 [65.4%] fathers identified as Welsh, English, Scottish, or Irish), we tested our prediction that children's use of humour in play with peers would be positively associated with children's ability to understand the minds of others. We conducted detailed observational coding of children's humour production during peer play and examined associations with children's performance on a battery of social understanding assessments. Multilevel models showed that 42.8% of the variance in children's humour production was explained by play partner effects. When controlling for the effect of play partner and other individual child characteristics (age, gender, receptive vocabulary) children's spontaneous attributions of mental states were associated with humour production. Results are discussed considering how these playful exchanges reflect and influence the development of children's socio-cognitive competencies.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence that prenatal care visit experiences influence perceptions of the child. 证据表明，产前护理访问经验影响儿童的看法。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00256-z

Kaylin E Hill, Abigail L Blum, Regan Carell, Kathryn L Humphreys

{"title":"Evidence that prenatal care visit experiences influence perceptions of the child.","authors":"Kaylin E Hill, Abigail L Blum, Regan Carell, Kathryn L Humphreys","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00256-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00256-z","url":null,"abstract":"Parents' descriptions of their baby prenatally are associated with later caregiving behavior and attachment. We present two studies to investigate the role of prenatal care visits in shaping prenatal perceptions. In Study 1, 320 pregnant people provided a description of their baby, and at a follow-up (n = 173) reported on their toddler's behavioral and emotional difficulties. Descriptors attributed to prenatal care visit experiences, versus other sources, had a more negative tone. More negative descriptions were prospectively associated with greater child difficulties. In Study 2, 161 people reported on the personality of a baby following an imagined prenatal care visit, in which participants were randomly assigned to conditions differing in statements made by the healthcare provider. Provider statements were associated with differences in perceptions of the fetus. Our findings provide evidence that prenatal care experiences influence perceptions of a child's personality prior to birth, with potential consequences for later child functioning.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sense of agency for a new motor skill emerges via the formation of a structural internal model. 一种新的运动技能的代理感是通过内部结构模型的形成而产生的。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00240-7

Takumi Tanaka, Hiroshi Imamizu

{"title":"Sense of agency for a new motor skill emerges via the formation of a structural internal model.","authors":"Takumi Tanaka, Hiroshi Imamizu","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00240-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00240-7","url":null,"abstract":"Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of controlling one's body and the external environment. The traditional comparator model posits that SoA arises from a match between predicted and actual action outcomes. However, when learning new motor skills, individuals initially lack outcome predictions and gradually develop an internal model of action-outcome mapping through trial-and-error, a process known as motor exploration. To investigate the development of SoA in such scenarios, we employed a de novo motor learning task that participants had never experienced before. Using a data glove, participants controlled a cursor on a screen through finger movements. In Experiment 1, participants learned a spatial hand-to-screen mapping from scratch via motor exploration. At different learning phases, we measured and compared participants' SoA for cursor movements that either conformed to the learned mapping or incorporated spatial or temporal biases. Initially, SoA was driven solely by temporal contiguity between finger and cursor movements. As learning progressed, SoA increased for cursor movements following the learned mapping compared to those following the spatially biased, unlearned mapping. In contrast, such changes did not occur in Experiment 2, where participants only imitated gesture images and memorized corresponding screen positions. The findings enhance existing SoA theories by elucidating the origins of the comparator process and highlighting the critical role of motor exploration.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using computational models of learning to advance cognitive behavioral therapy. 使用学习的计算模型来推进认知行为疗法。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00251-4

Isabel M Berwian, Peter Hitchock, Sashank Pisupati, Gila Schoen, Yael Niv

{"title":"Using computational models of learning to advance cognitive behavioral therapy.","authors":"Isabel M Berwian, Peter Hitchock, Sashank Pisupati, Gila Schoen, Yael Niv","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00251-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00251-4","url":null,"abstract":"Many psychotherapy interventions have a large evidence base and can help a substantial number of people with symptoms of mental health conditions. However, we still have little understanding of why treatments work. Early advances in psychotherapy, such as the development of exposure therapy, built on theoretical and experimental evidence from Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. More generally, all psychotherapy achieves change through learning. The past 25 years have seen substantial developments in computational models of learning, with increased computational precision and a focus on multiple learning mechanisms and their interaction. Now might be a good time to formalize psychotherapy interventions as computational models of learning to improve our understanding of mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. To advance research and help bring together a new joint field of theory-driven computational psychotherapy, we first review literature on cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring) and introduce computational models of reinforcement learning and representation learning. We then suggest a mapping of these learning algorithms on change processes presumably underlying the effects of exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring. Finally, we outline how the understanding of interventions through the lens of learning algorithms can inform intervention research.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free recall is shaped by inference and scaffolded by event structure. 自由回忆由推理塑造，由事件结构支撑。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00243-4

Ata B Karagoz, Wouter Kool, Zachariah M Reagh

{"title":"Free recall is shaped by inference and scaffolded by event structure.","authors":"Ata B Karagoz, Wouter Kool, Zachariah M Reagh","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00243-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00243-4","url":null,"abstract":"Though everyday life is continuous, people understand and remember experiences as discrete events separated by boundaries. Event boundaries influence the temporal structure of memory, and have been proposed to enhance encoding of boundary-adjacent information. However, the extent to which event boundaries influence memory for specific items, and their effect on memory in interactive environments are not well understood. Here, we designed a task to test how boundaries between hidden rules and uncertainty about those rules affect free recall of item-level information. Participants (n = 66) responded to a sequence of individual word stimuli, with words grouped by hidden rules forming events, and abrupt shifts between rules causing event boundaries. Afterwards, participants freely recalled words from the task. Recall was clustered based on event structure, such that words from the same discrete event tended to be recalled together. Contrary to predictions of theories of event cognition, recall was worse for words encoded immediately after event boundaries. Finally, we used a reinforcement-learning model to characterize recall performance, allowing us to infer a positive relationship between decision certainty and recall success. These findings indicate that the structure of events and inferences made over that structure play important roles in shaping episodic memories.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12033084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for indirect strengthening through reactivation of contextually bound memories. 通过重新激活情境关联记忆间接强化的证据。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00250-5

Juan Cruz Beron, Luz Bavassi, Maria E Pedreira, Rodrigo S Fernández

{"title":"Evidence for indirect strengthening through reactivation of contextually bound memories.","authors":"Juan Cruz Beron, Luz Bavassi, Maria E Pedreira, Rodrigo S Fernández","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00250-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00250-5","url":null,"abstract":"Episodic memory is, by definition, associative; retrieving one event often triggers the recollection of another related event. Memory reactivation has been shown to strengthen reactivated memories, but its effects on related, non-reactivated memories remain unclear. This study investigated whether reactivation of a consolidated target memory could indirectly enhance the retention of peripheral information acquired in the same context. We hypothesized that reactivating a consolidated target memory would improve its retention and strengthen contextually associated memories. To test this, we conducted four experiments (n = 238) in which participants first learned face-name pairs (target memory) alongside everyday objects (peripheral memory). On Day 2, a subset of participants underwent a reactivation intervention using incomplete reminders of the target memory, while others received a control intervention. On day 3, memory performance for both the target and peripheral memories was assessed. Results revealed that reactivation significantly improved the retention of target and peripheral memories when acquired in the same context. However, when peripheral memories were learned in a different context, reactivation of the target memory did not produce the same indirect strengthening effect. These findings suggest that the indirect strengthening of consolidated memories through reactivation is context-dependent and may rely on the shared spatiotemporal acquisition context. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of memory reactivation and its broader impact on related non-reactivated memories.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Politically-targeted intergroup interventions promote social equality and engagement. 有政治目标的群体间干预促进社会平等和参与。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00228-3

Nimrod Nir, Eran Halperin

引用次数: 0

Support for diversity and the racial status quo in lay and legal samples. 支持非专业和法律样本的多样性和种族现状。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00242-5

Jordan G Starck, N Derek Brown, Kyneshawau Hurd, Victoria Plaut, Helen Tian, Drew Jacoby-Senghor

{"title":"Support for diversity and the racial status quo in lay and legal samples.","authors":"Jordan G Starck, N Derek Brown, Kyneshawau Hurd, Victoria Plaut, Helen Tian, Drew Jacoby-Senghor","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00242-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00242-5","url":null,"abstract":"While attacks on diversity in higher education have clear ramifications for preserving the racial status quo in the U.S., the impact of embracing diversity is less clear. People may value diversity for some combination of the instrumental benefits diversity provides or their moral commitments to certain values. While decades of court precedent have contributed to the predominance of instrumental over moral rationales, little is known about the psychological factors underlying this differential popularity. Across two observational studies (NTotal = 1101) and one experiment (N = 197) with lay samples of White Americans, attitudes that favor the racial status quo undergirded participants' inclination toward instrumental over moral rationales. Studies 4 & 5 (NTotal = 285) yield a more complex picture of the potential association between an inclination towards instrumental rationales and endorsement of the status quo in judges' rulings and lawyers' defenses of universities' rights to race-conscious practices. These findings illustrate how university diversity practices-and the law governing them-can reflect dominant group preferences.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0