Communications Psychology最新文献_第10页

Humans need auditory experience to produce typical volitional nonverbal vocalizations 人类需要听觉经验才能发出典型的自愿性非语言发声

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00104-6

Katarzyna Pisanski, David Reby, Anna Oleszkiewicz

{"title":"Humans need auditory experience to produce typical volitional nonverbal vocalizations","authors":"Katarzyna Pisanski, David Reby, Anna Oleszkiewicz","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00104-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00104-6","url":null,"abstract":"Human nonverbal vocalizations such as screams and cries often reflect their evolved functions. Although the universality of these putatively primordial vocal signals and their phylogenetic roots in animal calls suggest a strong reflexive foundation, many of the emotional vocalizations that we humans produce are under our voluntary control. This suggests that, like speech, volitional vocalizations may require auditory input to develop typically. Here, we acoustically analyzed hundreds of volitional vocalizations produced by profoundly deaf adults and typically-hearing controls. We show that deaf adults produce unconventional and homogenous vocalizations of aggression and pain that are unusually high-pitched, unarticulated, and with extremely few harsh-sounding nonlinear phenomena compared to controls. In contrast, fear vocalizations of deaf adults are relatively acoustically typical. In four lab experiments involving a range of perception tasks with 444 participants, listeners were less accurate in identifying the intended emotions of vocalizations produced by deaf vocalizers than by controls, perceived their vocalizations as less authentic, and reliably detected deafness. Vocalizations of congenitally deaf adults with zero auditory experience were most atypical, suggesting additive effects of auditory deprivation. Vocal learning in humans may thus be required not only for speech, but also to acquire the full repertoire of volitional non-linguistic vocalizations. Nonverbal vocalizations of aggression and pain produced by profoundly deaf adults differ acoustically from those of typically-hearing controls. Listeners reliably detect deafness and show diminished ability to discriminate emotions expressed by deaf adults.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00104-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A measure of reliability convergence to select and optimize cognitive tasks for individual differences research 为个体差异研究选择和优化认知任务的可靠性趋同措施

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00114-4

Jan Kadlec, Catherine R. Walsh, Uri Sadé, Ariel Amir, Jesse Rissman, Michal Ramot

{"title":"A measure of reliability convergence to select and optimize cognitive tasks for individual differences research","authors":"Jan Kadlec, Catherine R. Walsh, Uri Sadé, Ariel Amir, Jesse Rissman, Michal Ramot","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00114-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00114-4","url":null,"abstract":"Surging interest in individual differences has faced setbacks in light of recent replication crises in psychology, for example in brain-wide association studies exploring brain-behavior correlations. A crucial component of replicability for individual differences studies, which is often assumed but not directly tested, is the reliability of the measures we use. Here, we evaluate the reliability of different cognitive tasks on a dataset with over 250 participants, who each completed a multi-day task battery. We show how reliability improves as a function of number of trials, and describe the convergence of the reliability curves for the different tasks, allowing us to score tasks according to their suitability for studies of individual differences. We further show the effect on reliability of measuring over multiple time points, with tasks assessing different cognitive domains being differentially affected. Data collected over more than one session may be required to achieve trait-like stability. Reliability of cognitive task measures improves as a function of number of trials. Because of differences in reliability convergence, tasks differ in suitability as estimates of individual differences. To achieve traitlike stability in measures, data must be combined across sessions.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00114-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender disparities in social and personality psychology awards from 1968 to 2021 1968 至 2021 年社会与人格心理学奖项的性别差异

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00113-5

Aífe Hopkins-Doyle, Jocelyn Chalmers, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Aleksandra Cichocka

{"title":"Gender disparities in social and personality psychology awards from 1968 to 2021","authors":"Aífe Hopkins-Doyle, Jocelyn Chalmers, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Aleksandra Cichocka","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00113-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00113-5","url":null,"abstract":"Gender disparities persist in academic psychology. The present study extended previous investigations to social and personality psychology award recipients. We collated publicly available data on award winners (N = 2700) from 17 international societies from 1968 to 2021. Features of the award, including year given, type of award, seniority level, whether the award was shared with more than one winner, and gender/sex of the recipient were coded. Overall, men were more likely to be recognized with awards than women, but the proportion of awards won by women has increased over time. Despite this increased share of awards, women were more likely to win awards for service and teaching (which are generally viewed as less prestigious) rather than research contributions. These differences were moderated by year - women were more likely to win service or teaching awards, compared to research awards, after 1999 and 2007, respectively. Women were more likely to win awards at postgraduate/early career levels or open to all levels compared to senior awards. Findings suggest that women’s greater representation in academic psychology in recent years has not been accompanied by parity in professional recognition and eminence. The share of women recipients of professional awards in Social and Personality Psychology has increased between 1968 and 2021. Yet, this increase is partially explained by women receiving proportionally more service and teaching awards, whereas research awards are given to men.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00113-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expression perceptive fields explain individual differences in the recognition of facial emotions 表情感知场可解释面部情绪识别中的个体差异

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00111-7

Thomas Murray, Nicola Binetti, Raghav Venkataramaiyer, Vinay Namboodiri, Darren Cosker, Essi Viding, Isabelle Mareschal

{"title":"Expression perceptive fields explain individual differences in the recognition of facial emotions","authors":"Thomas Murray, Nicola Binetti, Raghav Venkataramaiyer, Vinay Namboodiri, Darren Cosker, Essi Viding, Isabelle Mareschal","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00111-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00111-7","url":null,"abstract":"Humans can use the facial expressions of another to infer their emotional state, although it remains unknown how this process occurs. Here we suppose the presence of perceptive fields within expression space, analogous to feature-tuned receptive-fields of early visual cortex. We developed genetic algorithms to explore a multidimensional space of possible expressions and identify those that individuals associated with different emotions. We next defined perceptive fields as probabilistic maps within expression space, and found that they could predict the emotions that individuals infer from expressions presented in a separate task. We found profound individual variability in their size, location, and specificity, and that individuals with more similar perceptive fields had similar interpretations of the emotion communicated by an expression, providing possible channels for social communication. Modelling perceptive fields therefore provides a predictive framework in which to understand how individuals infer emotions from facial expressions. Perceptive fields, which are analogous to feature-tuned receptive-fields of the early visual cortex, can be used to map facial expressions onto inferences about emotional states.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00111-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Liberal-conservative asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies are partly explained by psychological differences in a nationally representative U.S. sample 在具有全国代表性的美国样本中，自由派与保守派反民主倾向的不对称在一定程度上是由心理差异造成的

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00096-3

Débora de Oliveira Santos, John T. Jost

{"title":"Liberal-conservative asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies are partly explained by psychological differences in a nationally representative U.S. sample","authors":"Débora de Oliveira Santos, John T. Jost","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00096-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00096-3","url":null,"abstract":"Based on theory and research in political psychology, we hypothesized that liberal-conservative differences in right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political system justification would contribute to asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies. These hypotheses were tested in a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 1557). Results revealed that conservatives were less supportive of political equality and legal rights and guarantees and more willing to defect from democratic “rules of the game” and vote for anti-democratic candidates, even after adjusting for political extremism. Mediational analyses suggested that conservatives’ anti-democratic tendencies were partially attributable to higher levels of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Conservatives also scored higher in political system justification, which was associated with support for free speech and mitigated anti-democratic tendencies. Democrats and Republicans who approved January 6, 2021, insurrectionists were more conservative and higher in right-wing authoritarianism than those who did not. Implications for social psychology and society are discussed. In a nationally representative survey in the United States, conservatives were less supportive of democratic norms such as political equality and legal rights and guarantees as compared to liberals. These associations were partially mediated by higher levels of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00096-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reduction in self-reported confidence accompanies the recall of memories distorted by prototypes 在回忆被原型扭曲的记忆时，自我报告的信心会降低

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00108-2

Casper Kerrén, Yiming Zhao, Benjamin J. Griffiths

{"title":"A reduction in self-reported confidence accompanies the recall of memories distorted by prototypes","authors":"Casper Kerrén, Yiming Zhao, Benjamin J. Griffiths","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00108-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00108-2","url":null,"abstract":"When we recall a past event, we reconstruct the event based on a combination of episodic details and semantic knowledge (e.g., prototypes). Though prototypes can impair the veracity of recall, it remains unclear whether we are metacognitively aware of the distortions they introduce. To address this, we conducted six experiments in which participants learned object-colour/object-location pairs and subsequently recalled the colour/location when cued with the object. Leveraging unsupervised machine learning algorithms, we extracted participant-specific prototypes and embedded responses in two-dimensional space to quantify prototype-based distortions in individual memory traces. Our findings reveal robust and conceptually replicable evidence to suggest that prototype-based distortion is accompanied by a reduction in self-reported confidence - an implicit measure of metacognitive awareness. Critically, we find evidence to suggest that it is prototype-based distortion of a memory trace that undermines confidence, rather than a lack of confidence biasing reconstruction towards the use of prototypes. Collectively, these findings suggest that we possess metacognitive awareness of distortions embedded in our memories. When people recall memories, they are less confident in the accuracy of those memories which appear prototypical, suggesting that people are aware of when their memories might be distorted by pre existing knowledge.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00108-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How and why psychologists should respond to the harms associated with generative AI 心理学家应如何以及为何应对与生成式人工智能相关的危害

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00110-8

Laura G. E. Smith, Richard Owen, Alicia Cork, Olivia Brown

引用次数: 0

Exploring motivated reasoning in polarization over the unfolding 2023 judicial reform in Israel 探讨以色列 2023 年司法改革两极分化中的动机推理

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00080-x

Dora Simunovic, Anna Dorfman, Maayan Katzir

{"title":"Exploring motivated reasoning in polarization over the unfolding 2023 judicial reform in Israel","authors":"Dora Simunovic, Anna Dorfman, Maayan Katzir","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00080-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00080-x","url":null,"abstract":"This work explored polarization over Israel’s Judicial Reform, introduced in January 2023. We find that the reform divided people into pro- and anti-reform camps, which differed in characteristics such as institutional trust, patriotism, and national identity. For example, the camps disagreed about trust in the government versus the judiciary. In line with motivated reasoning—biased reasoning processes used to reach desired conclusions—people’s pre-existing characteristics motivated polarized views of the reform as a threat to democracy (issue-based polarization) and negative emotions towards opponents (affective polarization). Further demonstrating a motivated process, pro-reform participants (the electorate majority), prioritized majority rule over other democratic features (e.g., minority rights) compared to anti-reform participants. Polarization differentially predicted downstream consequences (e.g., protest methods), indicating that the camps’ reactions were motivated by the extremity of their views and negative emotions. This work extends the understanding of potentially motivated polarization processes and their immediate downstream consequences. Polarization can increase rapidly when motivated by pre-existing positions. People who supported and opposed the 2023 Judicial Reform in Israel differed in relevant characteristics, which in turn shaped their views and response to the reform.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00080-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social and nonsocial synchrony are interrelated and romantically attractive 社会和非社会同步性相互关联，具有浪漫吸引力

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00109-1

M. Cohen, M. Abargil, M. Ahissar, S. Atzil

{"title":"Social and nonsocial synchrony are interrelated and romantically attractive","authors":"M. Cohen, M. Abargil, M. Ahissar, S. Atzil","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00109-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00109-1","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms of romantic bonding in humans are largely unknown. Recent research suggests that physiological synchrony between partners is associated with bonding. This study combines an experimental approach with a naturalistic dating setup to test whether the individual differences in social and nonsocial synchrony are interdependent, and linked to romantic attractiveness. In a preregistered online experiment with 144 participants, we discover that inducing physiological synchrony between an actor and an actress determines their attractiveness ratings by participants, indicating that synchrony can increase perceived attraction. In a lab-based naturalistic speed-dating experiment, we quantify in 48 participants the individual tendency for social physiological synchrony, nonsocial sensorimotor synchrony, and romantic attractiveness. We discover that the individual propensity to synchronize in social and nonsocial tasks is correlated. Some individuals synchronize better regardless of partners or tasks, and such Super Synchronizers are rated as more attractive. Altogether, this demonstrates that humans prefer romantic partners who can synchronize. Social and nonsocial synchrony are interdependent and can increase perceived attraction. Some individuals have a greater propensity for synchrony, and such Super Synchronizers are rated as the most attractive partners.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00109-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortical signatures of auditory looming bias show cue-specific adaptation between newborns and young adults 听觉隐约偏差的皮层特征显示了新生儿和青壮年对特定线索的适应性

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00105-5

Karolina Ignatiadis, Diane Baier, Roberto Barumerli, István Sziller, Brigitta Tóth, Robert Baumgartner

{"title":"Cortical signatures of auditory looming bias show cue-specific adaptation between newborns and young adults","authors":"Karolina Ignatiadis, Diane Baier, Roberto Barumerli, István Sziller, Brigitta Tóth, Robert Baumgartner","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00105-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00105-5","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive biases in favor of approaching, or “looming”, sounds have been found across ages and species, thereby implicating the potential of their evolutionary origin and universal basis. The human auditory system is well-developed at birth, yet spatial hearing abilities further develop with age. To disentangle the speculated inborn, evolutionary component of the auditory looming bias from its learned counterpart, we collected high-density electroencephalographic data across human adults and newborns. As distance-motion cues we manipulated either the sound’s intensity or spectral shape, which is pinna-induced and thus prenatally inaccessible. Through cortical source localisation we demonstrated the emergence of the bias in both age groups at the level of Heschl’s gyrus. Adults exhibited the bias in both attentive and inattentive states; yet differences in amplitude and latency appeared based on attention and cue type. Contrary to the adults, in newborns the bias was elicited only through manipulations of intensity and not spectral cues. We conclude that the looming bias comprises innate components while flexibly incorporating the spatial cues acquired through lifelong exposure. The auditory looming bias, which makes approaching sounds more cognitively salient than receding sounds, was evoked in both newborns and adults using intensity cues. However, only adults responded to spectral cues.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00105-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0