Mikey Biddlestone, Beth Goldberg, Melisa Basol, Katie Washington, Sara Elnusairi, Anneka Sharpley, Meghan Graham, Sander van der Linden, Ricky Green, Jon Roozenbeek, Rachel Xu, Andrew Pel
{"title":"Video inoculation against election misinformation across 12 EU nations.","authors":"Mikey Biddlestone, Beth Goldberg, Melisa Basol, Katie Washington, Sara Elnusairi, Anneka Sharpley, Meghan Graham, Sander van der Linden, Ricky Green, Jon Roozenbeek, Rachel Xu, Andrew Pel","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00379-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00379-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short video-based prebunking reduces misinformation susceptibility by forewarning viewers about manipulation tactics. However, its effectiveness across older populations (45 + ), diverse cultures, and election-related misinformation remains unclear. To address this, we conducted 13 surveys across 12 EU nations (N = 19,735), testing three inoculation videos developed for the largest prebunking campaign to date, which reached 120M+ YouTube users before the 2024 EU Elections. These videos targeted three widely used misinformation tactics-scapegoating, decontextualization, and discrediting-which were prevalent across EU nations leading up to the elections. The videos improved manipulation (measured through manipulativeness assessments) and technique (measured through the correct identification of tactics) discernment of manipulative content from non-manipulative content and enhanced sharing decisions. Though effects were small (ds ≈ 0.08-0.38), they were significant across surveys. Longer (50s) videos showed more consistent improvements in discernment than shorter (20s) ones, but both improved technique discernment. Moderation analyses revealed country-level (e.g., education index) and socio-demographic (e.g., personal educational attainment) influences that could inform future interventions. These findings demonstrate that scalable video-based inoculation interventions can be deployed to counter election misinformation across nations, but future work should explore how repeated or context-specific prebunking can sustain resistance to misinformation in diverse electoral and media environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147477704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diverse groups look more moral in loose (but not tight) cultural contexts.","authors":"Mustafa Karataş, Shih-Chun Daniel Chin","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00435-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00435-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diversity is a hotly debated topic in public discourse, which motivates scholars to investigate how group diversity impacts observers' judgments of the group. Recent findings have suggested a positive link between group diversity and perceived morality of the group because people perceive diverse (vs. non-diverse) groups to be more capable of perspective-taking. However, studies testing this theory have been predominantly conducted in the WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. In this conceptual replication and extension, we tested whether the \"diversity → perceived perspective-taking → perceived morality\" link could be generalized across societies differing in cultural tightness-looseness (i.e., whether a culture prescribes tight or loose adherence to collective norms). Across five replication studies (N = 3659), we found that while the positive impacts of group diversity on perceived perspective-taking and morality replicated among loose cultures, no credible evidence supported the effects for participants in tight cultures, or those who perceived their culture as tight. By directly manipulating cultural tightness-looseness, we obtained causal evidence that tight (vs. loose) cultural contexts elevate perceived perspective-taking and, subsequently, perceived morality of non-diverse groups, thereby attenuating differences in perceived morality between diverse and non-diverse groups. The results call for more attention to the views of diversity across different cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Maaz, Laurent Waroquier, Alexandra Dia, Véronique Paban, Arnaud Rey
{"title":"Alpha power increases spontaneously during a neurofeedback session.","authors":"Jacob Maaz, Laurent Waroquier, Alexandra Dia, Véronique Paban, Arnaud Rey","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00431-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00431-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NF) has been proposed as a promising technique to modulate brain activity through real-time EEG-based feedback. Alpha neurofeedback in particular is believed to induce rapid self-regulation of brain rhythms, with applications in cognitive enhancement and clinical treatment. However, whether this modulation reflects specific volitional control or non-specific influences remains unresolved. In a preregistered, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we evaluated alpha upregulation in healthy participants receiving either genuine (n = 30) or sham (n = 30) EEG-NF during a single-session design. A third arm composed of a passive control group (n = 32) was also included to differentiate between non-specific influences related or not to the active engagement in EEG-NF. Throughout the session, alpha power increased robustly, yet independently of feedback veracity, engagement in self-regulation, or feedback update frequency. Parallel increases in theta and sensorimotor rhythms further suggest broadband non-specific modulation. Importantly, these results challenge the foundational assumption of EEG-NF: that feedback enables volitional EEG control. Instead, they point to spontaneous repetition-related processes as primary drivers, calling for a critical reassessment of neurofeedback efficacy and its underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral evidence for the hierarchical execution of sequential movements.","authors":"Darío Cuevas Rivera, Stefan J Kiebel","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00436-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00436-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Movements in humans and other animals are known to be hierarchically organized, with simple movements forming the building blocks to more complex, sequential movements, a phenomenon often referred to as chunking. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted this layered structure, implicating the primary motor cortex in simple movements, and pre-motor and parietal areas in sequences of movements. Behavioral experiments designed to study this hierarchy have required extensive training of simple movement sequences, such as key presses, using error rates and reaction times as indirect markers of chunking. In this work, we provide kinematic evidence that the hierarchical organization of movements naturally emerges during reaching movements toward large targets, without the need for extensive training. Through model-based analyses of the observed trajectories' geometry in a sequential pointing task (N = 20 participants), we infer the underlying hierarchy of the mechanism guiding movement generation. Our results show that most participants adapt their strategy dynamically using hierarchical planning, depending on the sequence. These findings offer insights into the process of chunking, as well as the conditions on how and when humans switch between flat and hierarchical planning during movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anqi Lei, Md Faysal, Louis Chitiz, Raven Wallace, Samyogita Hardikar, Brontë McKeown, Jonathan Smallwood, Elizabeth Jefferies, Robert Leech, Nerissa Ho
{"title":"Individual differences in alexithymia modulate cognition-emotion interactions in daily life ongoing experiences.","authors":"Anqi Lei, Md Faysal, Louis Chitiz, Raven Wallace, Samyogita Hardikar, Brontë McKeown, Jonathan Smallwood, Elizabeth Jefferies, Robert Leech, Nerissa Ho","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00434-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00434-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual differences modulate our thoughts and emotional experiences, yet how thought and emotion interact in daily life remains largely unclear. We leverage alexithymia, a trait reflecting atypical emotional awareness, to reveal these interactions in naturalistic settings. Using multi-dimensional experience sampling via smartphones, we captured moment-to-moment thought patterns and concurrent affective states (valence, arousal, stress) in people's daily life (N = 190 undergraduate students, age range = 18 to 36, 159 females). Using Principal Component Analysis and Linear Mixed Models, we identified four thought dimensions that relate differently to these affective states: future-self orientation, intrusive distraction, sensory engagement, and task-focus. Alexithymia modulated these relationships. High overall alexithymia predicted fewer future-self-oriented thoughts and greater variability in sensory engagement across affective and social contexts, while difficulty identifying feelings selectively reduced future-self orientation during intense sadness, and externally oriented thinking rendered thought patterns less sensitive to affective context. By mapping affective experiences onto thought dimensions, these findings uncover cognitive pathways that connect to emotional well-being, providing a scalable framework for understanding variability in human affective experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane Acierno, Elisa Tedaldi, Joel Ginn, Danielle Goldwert, Madalina Vlasceanu, Sandra J Geiger, Gregg Sparkman, Sara M Constantino
{"title":"Conformity to social norm interventions is not amplified in tighter nations.","authors":"Jane Acierno, Elisa Tedaldi, Joel Ginn, Danielle Goldwert, Madalina Vlasceanu, Sandra J Geiger, Gregg Sparkman, Sara M Constantino","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00429-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00429-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social norms have a reliable and oftentimes strong influence on individual attitudes and behaviors across environmental and other domains. This influence has been theorized to differ by cultural tightness-the extent to which people adhere to shared cultural norms. Understanding whether and how cultural context moderates the influence of behavioral interventions is essential for the design of culturally-attuned and adaptable interventions to address collective action problems like climate change. Yet, past research has primarily relied on correlational approaches to demonstrate cross-cultural differences in norm adherence, without experimentally manipulating norm information across different settings, limiting insights into how cultural context shapes conformity to norm interventions. Our study tests the effects of three social norm interventions on the climate-related attitudes and behaviors of 16,089 participants in 42 countries. We find that conformity to social norm interventions is not uniformly amplified in tight cultures, suggesting a nuanced relationship between cultural tightness and normative interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Habit degradation strategies promote faster early reductions in unhealthy snacking habit strength in intensive longitudinal randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Robert Edgren, Dario Baretta, Jennifer Inauen","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00432-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00432-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Habits are a key determinant of sustained health behaviour. However, little is known about how to degrade unhealthy habits in daily life. This preregistered single-blind randomised controlled intensive-longitudinal trial tested the efficacy of habit degradation strategies (substitution, inhibition, reduced accessibility) and reward in degrading (i.e. decreasing) an unhealthy snacking habit in daily life using a 3×2 factorial (plus control group) design. 313 participants (mean age 32 years) were randomised via smartphone app to complete 13 weeks of daily self-report assessments. From 13,922 habit strength (Self-Report Behavioural Automaticity Index) observations, within-person time series were modelled using asymptotic functions and generalised additive models to extract indicators of habit change. Habit strength declined over time across groups, with steeper reductions during the first week of the intervention phase. Analysis of variance indicated the rate of change during week 1 to be significantly greater in intervention groups compared to control. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression did not find evidence for differences between strategy or reward condition in magnitude of change, likelihood of reaching asymptote, or time to asymptote. Results suggest using habit degradation strategies may accelerate early reductions in habit strength. Limitations include suboptimal adherence to experimental manipulations and self-report measurement of habit strength. Findings are discussed considering the opportunities and challenges of experimental intensive longitudinal designs in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyra Evers, Denny Borsboom, Eiko Fried, Fred Hasselman, František Bartoš, Lourens Waldorp
{"title":"Non-random patterns in the co-occurrence and accumulation of adverse life events in two national panel datasets.","authors":"Kyra Evers, Denny Borsboom, Eiko Fried, Fred Hasselman, František Bartoš, Lourens Waldorp","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00394-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00394-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse life events (ALEs), such as illness, bereavement, and accidents, can have profound consequences for physical and mental health. Although existing research highlights risk factors for ALEs, such as personality and socioeconomic status, less is known about patterns in ALEs themselves. How do events cluster and accumulate over time? Using generalized linear mixed-effects models, we study yearly self-reported ALEs in two panel datasets, the Swiss Household Panel (n = 16,946, 210,031 person-years) and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (n = 25,803, 113,605 person-years). We identify widespread contemporaneous and lag-1 associations between ALEs. The twenty-year accumulation of ALE counts deviates substantially from a random process and is better described by a self-reinforcing process, in which ALEs increase the risk of future ALEs. For all analyses, differences between individuals and households were stronger predictors of event occurrence than concurrent or prior adverse life events. Non-random patterns in ALEs should inform our conceptual and statistical models, as well as our prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nakwon Rim, Joshua Conrad Jackson, Marc G Berman, Yuan Chang Leong
{"title":"Natural language reveals that political partisans are more affectively aligned over political issues than partisan identities.","authors":"Nakwon Rim, Joshua Conrad Jackson, Marc G Berman, Yuan Chang Leong","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00430-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00430-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Affective polarization, defined as the dislike between opposing political groups, is a growing global threat. While much of the focus has been on partisan identities, political divisions may also be driven by affective divergence around political issues, where partisans express opposing feelings toward topics they disagree about. To compare identity-based and issue-based affective alignment, we used word embeddings to analyze two large datasets comprising ~300 million comments from partisan Reddit communities and ~7 million articles from partisan news outlets. We first quantified affective alignment by measuring the valence associations of identity and issue words. In both datasets, affective alignment was greater around political issues than around partisan identities. To validate these findings using a context-sensitive approach, we also used a large language model to rate the valence of identity and issue words in Reddit comments. We again observed stronger affective agreement around issues than identities. These results reveal that even though partisans hold strong negative attitudes toward opposing partisans, the emotional divide around political issues is less pronounced, suggesting opportunities for bridging partisan differences through issue-focused dialog. Our study offers scalable, quantitative tools for understanding the emotional dimensions of political polarization and highlighting pathways to reduce its impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Country-level instability is related to a stronger perceived climate of polarization across 44 countries.","authors":"Amy S G Lee, Kelly Kirkland, Brock Bastian","doi":"10.1038/s44271-026-00422-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-026-00422-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep-seated partisan animosity and aversion present challenges across the global political landscape, yet little is known about how individuals perceive the climate of polarization in their societies or the broader societal conditions that shape these perceptions. Drawing on a dataset spanning 44 countries (N = 8917), we examined how macro-level indicators of dysfunction and disruption relate to the perceived climate of polarization - that is, the degree to which people believe major voter groups in their society dislike, distrust, and distance themselves from one another. We also tested whether perceptions of anomie in society - specifically, a perceived breakdown in the leadership and social fabric - may partially explain these relationships. Our analyses revealed stronger perceptions of partisan antipathy and distance in countries facing conditions linked to broader systemic instability, including high economic inequality, violence, weak governance, and a fragmented digital media landscape. Perceptions of anomie in society may partially explain these links. By contrast, no significant associations were found for environmental and public health indicators or the strength of democracy. These results suggest perceptions of a polarized societal climate may be linked to dysfunctional and disruptive economic, political, governmental, and social conditions that spark a felt sense of instability and disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13046976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}