Communications Psychology最新文献_第9页

Children exhibit a developmental advantage in the offline processing of a learned motor sequence 儿童在离线处理已学动作序列时表现出发育优势

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9

Anke Van Roy, Geneviève Albouy, Ryan D. Burns, Bradley R. King

{"title":"Children exhibit a developmental advantage in the offline processing of a learned motor sequence","authors":"Anke Van Roy, Geneviève Albouy, Ryan D. Burns, Bradley R. King","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00082-9","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in specific behaviors across the lifespan are frequently reported as an inverted-U trajectory. That is, young adults exhibit optimal performance, children are conceptualized as developing systems progressing towards this ideal state, and older adulthood is characterized by performance decrements. However, not all behaviors follow this trajectory, as there are instances in which children outperform young adults. Here, we acquired data from 7–35 and >55 year-old participants and assessed potential developmental advantages in motor sequence learning and memory consolidation. Results revealed no credible evidence for differences in initial learning dynamics among age groups, but 7- to 12-year-old children exhibited smaller sequence-specific learning relative to adolescents, young adults and older adults. Interestingly, children demonstrated the greatest performance gains across the 5 h and 24 h offline periods, reflecting enhanced motor memory consolidation. These results suggest that children exhibit an advantage in the offline processing of recently learned motor sequences. Seven to 12 year-old children showed greater performance gains on a motor sequence task across post-learning resting periods than adolescents, young adults and older adults, suggesting a developmental advantage in offline motor memory consolidation.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00082-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defining key concepts for mental state attribution 定义心理状态归因的关键概念

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00077-6

François Quesque, Ian Apperly, Renée Baillargeon, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cristina Becchio, Harold Bekkering, Daniel Bernstein, Maxime Bertoux, Geoffrey Bird, Henryk Bukowski, Pascal Burgmer, Peter Carruthers, Caroline Catmur, Isabel Dziobek, Nicholas Epley, Thorsten Michael Erle, Chris Frith, Uta Frith, Carl Michael Galang, Vittorio Gallese, Delphine Grynberg, Francesca Happé, Masahiro Hirai, Sara D. Hodges, Philipp Kanske, Mariska Kret, Claus Lamm, Jean Louis Nandrino, Sukhvinder Obhi, Sally Olderbak, Josef Perner, Yves Rossetti, Dana Schneider, Matthias Schurz, Tobias Schuwerk, Natalie Sebanz, Simone Shamay-Tsoory, Giorgia Silani, Shannon Spaulding, Andrew R. Todd, Evan Westra, Dan Zahavi, Marcel Brass

引用次数: 0

Blocked training facilitates learning of multiple schemas 分块训练有助于学习多种模式

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4

Andre O. Beukers, Silvy H. P. Collin, Ross P. Kempner, Nicholas T. Franklin, Samuel J. Gershman, Kenneth A. Norman

{"title":"Blocked training facilitates learning of multiple schemas","authors":"Andre O. Beukers, Silvy H. P. Collin, Ross P. Kempner, Nicholas T. Franklin, Samuel J. Gershman, Kenneth A. Norman","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00079-4","url":null,"abstract":"We all possess a mental library of schemas that specify how different types of events unfold. How are these schemas acquired? A key challenge is that learning a new schema can catastrophically interfere with old knowledge. One solution to this dilemma is to use interleaved training to learn a single representation that accommodates all schemas. However, another class of models posits that catastrophic interference can be avoided by splitting off new representations when large prediction errors occur. A key differentiating prediction is that, according to splitting models, catastrophic interference can be prevented even under blocked training curricula. We conducted a series of semi-naturalistic experiments and simulations with Bayesian and neural network models to compare the predictions made by the “splitting” versus “non-splitting” hypotheses of schema learning. We found better performance in blocked compared to interleaved curricula, and explain these results using a Bayesian model that incorporates representational splitting in response to large prediction errors. In a follow-up experiment, we validated the model prediction that inserting blocked training early in learning leads to better learning performance than inserting blocked training later in learning. Our results suggest that different learning environments (i.e., curricula) play an important role in shaping schema composition. A Bayesian model incorporating representational splitting explains better memory performance in blocked compared to interleaved learning contexts.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00079-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic attitude expressions as identity performance and identity creation in interaction 策略性态度表达是互动中的身份表现和身份创造

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7

Caoimhe O’Reilly, Shane Mannion, Paul J. Maher, Elaine M. Smith, Pádraig MacCarron, Michael Quayle

{"title":"Strategic attitude expressions as identity performance and identity creation in interaction","authors":"Caoimhe O’Reilly, Shane Mannion, Paul J. Maher, Elaine M. Smith, Pádraig MacCarron, Michael Quayle","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00076-7","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the strategic alignment of attitudes and the active construction of attitude-based identity across two studies. Study one assessed the twitter response (hashtags in English) to the war in Ukraine for five months after Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine 2022 (N = 8149). Results demonstrated that individuals publicly expressed hashtags similar to others close to them in the followership network, showing their support for Ukraine and condemnation of the Russian invasion in qualitatively different ways. Study two was a preregistered Prolific experiment with geographical European participants ran in September, 2022 (N = 1368). Results demonstrated that attitude interaction with ingroup members motivated interactants towards attitude alignment, and attitude alignment strengthened the identification that motivated the alignment in the first place. Results suggest that attitude expression is performative and constrained by one’s group relationship with one’s audience and the definition of social identity can be constrained by opinion-based identity performance. People align their attitudes with their network’s in an online context. Further, attitude expressors are active agents in the construction of identity, expressing attitudes performatively to construct and consolidate identities.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00076-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140538074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Limited generalizability of multivariate brain-based dimensions of child psychiatric symptoms 作者更正：基于大脑的儿童精神症状多元维度的推广性有限

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00078-5

Bing Xu, Lorenza Dall’Aglio, John Flournoy, Gerda Bortsova, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Paul Collins, Marleen de Bruijne, Monica Luciana, Andre Marquand, Hao Wang, Henning Tiemeier, Ryan L. Muetzel

引用次数: 0

Repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect induces long-lasting changes in auditory speech perception 反复体验麦格克效应会诱发听觉言语感知的持久变化

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w

John F. Magnotti, Anastasia Lado, Yue Zhang, Arnt Maasø, Audrey Nath, Michael S. Beauchamp

{"title":"Repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect induces long-lasting changes in auditory speech perception","authors":"John F. Magnotti, Anastasia Lado, Yue Zhang, Arnt Maasø, Audrey Nath, Michael S. Beauchamp","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00073-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the McGurk effect, presentation of incongruent auditory and visual speech evokes a fusion percept different than either component modality. We show that repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect for 14 days induces a change in auditory-only speech perception: the auditory component of the McGurk stimulus begins to evoke the fusion percept, even when presented on its own without accompanying visual speech. This perceptual change, termed fusion-induced recalibration (FIR), was talker-specific and syllable-specific and persisted for a year or more in some participants without any additional McGurk exposure. Participants who did not experience the McGurk effect did not experience FIR, showing that recalibration was driven by multisensory prediction error. A causal inference model of speech perception incorporating multisensory cue conflict accurately predicted individual differences in FIR. Just as the McGurk effect demonstrates that visual speech can alter the perception of auditory speech, FIR shows that these alterations can persist for months or years. The ability to induce seemingly permanent changes in auditory speech perception will be useful for studying plasticity in brain networks for language and may provide new strategies for improving language learning. In the McGurk effect, seeing the talker’s face changes perception of auditory speech. Repeatedly experiencing the effect produces long-lasting changes in auditory perception, so that the McGurk fusion percept is evoked even without seeing the face.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00073-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiencing nature leads to healthier food choices 体验自然，选择更健康的食物

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00072-x

Maria Langlois, Pierre Chandon

引用次数: 0

The online metacognitive control of decisions 决策的在线元认知控制

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00071-y

Juliette Bénon, Douglas Lee, William Hopper, Morgan Verdeil, Mathias Pessiglione, Fabien Vinckier, Sebastien Bouret, Marion Rouault, Raphael Lebouc, Giovanni Pezzulo, Christiane Schreiweis, Eric Burguière, Jean Daunizeau

{"title":"The online metacognitive control of decisions","authors":"Juliette Bénon, Douglas Lee, William Hopper, Morgan Verdeil, Mathias Pessiglione, Fabien Vinckier, Sebastien Bouret, Marion Rouault, Raphael Lebouc, Giovanni Pezzulo, Christiane Schreiweis, Eric Burguière, Jean Daunizeau","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00071-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00071-y","url":null,"abstract":"Difficult decisions typically involve mental effort, which scales with the deployment of cognitive (e.g., mnesic, attentional) resources engaged in processing decision-relevant information. But how does the brain regulate mental effort? A possibility is that the brain optimizes a resource allocation problem, whereby the amount of invested resources balances its expected cost (i.e. effort) and benefit. Our working assumption is that subjective decision confidence serves as the benefit term of the resource allocation problem, hence the “metacognitive” nature of decision control. Here, we present a computational model for the online metacognitive control of decisions or oMCD. Formally, oMCD is a Markov Decision Process that optimally solves the ensuing resource allocation problem under agnostic assumptions about the inner workings of the underlying decision system. We demonstrate how this makes oMCD a quasi-optimal control policy for a broad class of decision processes, including -but not limited to- progressive attribute integration. We disclose oMCD’s main properties (in terms of choice, confidence and response time), and show that they reproduce most established empirical results in the field of value-based decision making. Finally, we discuss the possible connections between oMCD and most prominent neurocognitive theories about decision control and mental effort regulation. How should the mind allocate resources to make good decisions? In the online metacognitive control of decisions model, subjective decision confidence is used as the benefit term of the resource allocation problem to optimize the processing of decision-relevant information.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00071-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

E-contact facilitated by conversational agents reduces interethnic prejudice and anxiety in Afghanistan 会话代理促成的电子联系减少了阿富汗的种族间偏见和焦虑

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00070-z

Sofia Sahab, Jawad Haqbeen, Rafik Hadfi, Takayuki Ito, Richard Eke Imade, Susumu Ohnuma, Takuya Hasegawa

{"title":"E-contact facilitated by conversational agents reduces interethnic prejudice and anxiety in Afghanistan","authors":"Sofia Sahab, Jawad Haqbeen, Rafik Hadfi, Takayuki Ito, Richard Eke Imade, Susumu Ohnuma, Takuya Hasegawa","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00070-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00070-z","url":null,"abstract":"Intergroup contact occurring through indirect means such as the internet has the potential to improve intergroup relationships and may be especially beneficial in high conflict situations. Here we conducted a three-timepoint online experiment to ascertain whether the use of a conversational agent in E-contact platforms could mitigate interethnic prejudices and hostility among Afghanistan’s historically segregated and persistently conflictual ethnic groups. 128 Afghans of Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara backgrounds were assigned to one of four E-contact conditions (control with no conversational agent and three experimental groups that varied in the conversational agent settings). Participants in the experimental conditions contributed more ideas and longer opinions and showed a greater reduction in outgroup prejudice and anxiety than those in the control group. These findings demonstrate that E-contact facilitated by a conversational agent can improve intergroup attitudes even in contexts characterized by a long history of intergroup segregation and conflict. An E-contact experiment between different Afghan ethnic groups resulted in reduced intergroup prejudice and anxiety when facilitated by a conversational agent. This agent increased participant engagement compared to the control group without such an agent.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00070-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poor lie detection related to an under-reliance on statistical cues and overreliance on own behaviour 测谎能力差与不太依赖统计线索和过度依赖自身行为有关

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00068-7

Sarah Ying Zheng, Liron Rozenkrantz, Tali Sharot

{"title":"Poor lie detection related to an under-reliance on statistical cues and overreliance on own behaviour","authors":"Sarah Ying Zheng, Liron Rozenkrantz, Tali Sharot","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00068-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00068-7","url":null,"abstract":"The surge of online scams is taking a considerable financial and emotional toll. This is partially because humans are poor at detecting lies. In a series of three online experiments (Nexp1 = 102, Nexp2 = 108, Nexp3 = 100) where participants are given the opportunity to lie as well as to assess the potential lies of others, we show that poor lie detection is related to the suboptimal computations people engage in when assessing lies. Participants used their own lying behaviour to predict whether other people lied, despite this cue being uninformative, while under-using more predictive statistical cues. This was observed by comparing the weights participants assigned to different cues, to those of a model trained on the ground truth. Moreover, across individuals, reliance on statistical cues was associated with better discernment, while reliance on one’s own behaviour was not. These findings suggest scam detection may be improved by using tools that augment relevant statistical cues. Poorer human lie detection is associated with a greater reliance on one’s own honesty, whereas greater use of statistical cues that indicate the probability of a lie improved lie detection.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00068-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0