Communications Psychology最新文献_第8页

Error-driven upregulation of memory representations. 错误驱动的记忆表征上调。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5

Alexander Weuthen, Hans Kirschner, Markus Ullsperger

{"title":"Error-driven upregulation of memory representations.","authors":"Alexander Weuthen, Hans Kirschner, Markus Ullsperger","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00199-5","url":null,"abstract":"Learning an association does not always succeed on the first attempt. Previous studies associated increased error signals in posterior medial frontal cortex with improved memory formation. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms that facilitate post-error learning remain poorly understood. To address this gap, participants performed a feedback-based association learning task and a 1-back localizer task. Increased hemodynamic responses in posterior medial frontal cortex were found for internal and external origins of memory error evidence, and during post-error encoding success as quantified by subsequent recall of face-associated memories. A localizer-based machine learning model displayed a network of cognitive control regions, including posterior medial frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, whose activity was related to face-processing evidence in the fusiform face area. Representation strength was higher during failed recall and increased during encoding when subsequent recall succeeded. These data enhance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptive learning by linking the need for learning with increased processing of the relevant stimulus category.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A manifesto for a globally diverse, equitable, and inclusive open science. 一份全球多样化、公平和包容的开放科学宣言。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00179-1

Sakshi Ghai, Rémi Thériault, Patrick Forscher, Yuichi Shoda, Moin Syed, Arathy Puthillam, Hu Chuan Peng, Dana Basnight-Brown, Asifa Majid, Flavio Azevedo, Leher Singh

引用次数: 0

Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage. 警告人们他们正在被微目标化，并不能消除说服的优势。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00188-8

Fabio Carrella, Almog Simchon, Matthew Edwards, Stephan Lewandowsky

{"title":"Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage.","authors":"Fabio Carrella, Almog Simchon, Matthew Edwards, Stephan Lewandowsky","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00188-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00188-8","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of microtargeting in politics, involving tailoring persuasive messages to individuals based on personal vulnerabilities, has raised manipulation concerns. As microtargeting's persuasive benefits are well-established and its use facilitated by AI tools and personality-inference models, ethical and regulatory concerns are magnified. Here, we explore countering microtargeting effects by creating a warning signal deployed when users encounter personality-tailored political ads. Three studies evaluated the effectiveness of warning \"popups\" against potential microtargeting by comparing persuasiveness of targeted vs. non-targeted messages with and without popups. Using within subject-designs, Studies 1 (N = 666), 2a (N = 432), and 2b (N = 669) reveal a targeting effect, with targeted ads deemed more persuasive than non-targeted ones. More important, the presence of a warning popup had no meaningful impact on persuasiveness. Overall, across the three studies, personality-targeted ads were significantly more persuasive than non-targeted ones, and this advantage persisted despite warnings. Given the focus on transparency in initiatives like the EU's AI Act, our finding that warnings have little effect has potential policy implications.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive reserve is associated with education, social determinants, and cognitive outcomes among older American Indians in the Strong Heart Study. 在强心脏研究中，认知储备与教育、社会决定因素和老年美洲印第安人的认知结果有关。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00198-6

Astrid M Suchy-Dicey, W T Longstreth, Dedra S Buchwald, Kristoffer Rhoads, Thomas J Grabowski

{"title":"Cognitive reserve is associated with education, social determinants, and cognitive outcomes among older American Indians in the Strong Heart Study.","authors":"Astrid M Suchy-Dicey, W T Longstreth, Dedra S Buchwald, Kristoffer Rhoads, Thomas J Grabowski","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00198-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00198-6","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive reserve, a component of resilience, may be conceptualized as the ability to overcome accumulating neuropathology and maintain healthy aging and function. However, research measuring and evaluating it in American Indians is needed. We recruited American Indians from 3 regional centers for longitudinal examinations (2010-13, n = 818; 2017-19, n = 403) including MRI, cognitive, clinical, and questionnaire data. We defined cognitive reserve by measuring the residual from individual regressions of cognitive tests over imaged brain volumes, adjusted for age and sex. Analyses examined three different metrics of cognitive reserve against sociodemographic, clinical, and longitudinal cognitive data in causal mediation models. Better cognitive reserve was significantly associated with more education, higher income, lower prevalence of depression, lower prevalence of diabetes, and lower prevalence of kidney disease, but we found no statistically significant evidence for an association with plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, APOE e4 carrier status, alcohol use, body mass, or hypertension. Better cognitive reserve was associated with better cognitive function over mean 6.7 years follow-up (range 4-9 years); and the association for education with cognition over time was mediated in part (15-24%) by cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve, although challenging to measure, appears important for understanding the range of cognitive aging in American Indians.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Publisher Correction: Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups. 出版商更正：想象中的他者助长了外部群体的公然非人化。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00195-9

Austin van Loon, Amir Goldberg, Sameer B Srivastava

引用次数: 0

Cultural and personal values interact to predict divorce. 文化和个人价值观相互作用，预测离婚。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00185-x

Sari Mentser, Lilach Sagiv

引用次数: 0

Inoculation reduces social media engagement with affectively polarized content in the UK and US. 在英国和美国，接种减少了社交媒体对情感两极分化内容的参与。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00189-7

Fintan Smith, Almog Simchon, Dawn Holford, Stephan Lewandowsky

引用次数: 0

Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation. 跨越群体边界的自由流动促进了群体间的合作。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00192-y

Jörg Gross, Martin Götz, Katharina Reher, Filippo Toscano

{"title":"Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation.","authors":"Jörg Gross, Martin Götz, Katharina Reher, Filippo Toscano","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00192-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00192-y","url":null,"abstract":"Group cooperation is a cornerstone of human society, enabling achievements that surpass individual capabilities. However, groups also define and restrict who benefits from cooperative actions and who does not, raising the question of how to foster cooperation across group boundaries. This study investigates the impact of voluntary mobility across group boundaries on intergroup cooperation. Participants, organized into two groups, decided whether to create benefits for themselves, group members, or everyone. In each round, they were paired with another participant and could reward the other's actions during an 'enforcement stage', allowing for indirect reciprocity. In line with our preregistered hypothesis, when participants interacted only with in-group members, indirect reciprocity enforced group cooperation, while intergroup cooperation declined. Conversely, higher intergroup cooperation emerged when participants were forced to interact solely with out-group members. Crucially, in the free-mobility treatment - where participants could choose whether to meet an in-group or an out-group member in the enforcement stage - intergroup cooperation was significantly higher than when participants were forced to interact only with in-group members, even though most participants endogenously chose to interact with in-group members. A few 'mobile individuals' were sufficient to enforce intergroup cooperation by selectively choosing out-group members, enabling indirect reciprocity to transcend group boundaries. These findings highlight the importance of free intergroup mobility for overcoming the limitations of group cooperation.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian p-curve mixture models as a tool to dissociate effect size and effect prevalence. 贝叶斯p曲线混合模型作为分离效应大小和效应流行率的工具。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00190-0

John P Veillette, Howard C Nusbaum

引用次数: 0

Self-reports map the landscape of task states derived from brain imaging. 自我报告描绘了由大脑成像得出的任务状态的图景。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00184-y

Brontë Mckeown, Ian Goodall-Halliwell, Raven Wallace, Louis Chitiz, Bridget Mulholland, Theodoros Karapanagiotidis, Samyogita Hardikar, Will Strawson, Adam Turnbull, Tamara Vanderwal, Nerissa Ho, Hao-Ting Wang, Ting Xu, Michael Milham, Xiuyi Wang, Meichao Zhang, Tirso Rj Gonzalez Alam, Reinder Vos de Wael, Boris Bernhardt, Daniel Margulies, Jeffrey Wammes, Elizabeth Jefferies, Robert Leech, Jonathan Smallwood

{"title":"Self-reports map the landscape of task states derived from brain imaging.","authors":"Brontë Mckeown, Ian Goodall-Halliwell, Raven Wallace, Louis Chitiz, Bridget Mulholland, Theodoros Karapanagiotidis, Samyogita Hardikar, Will Strawson, Adam Turnbull, Tamara Vanderwal, Nerissa Ho, Hao-Ting Wang, Ting Xu, Michael Milham, Xiuyi Wang, Meichao Zhang, Tirso Rj Gonzalez Alam, Reinder Vos de Wael, Boris Bernhardt, Daniel Margulies, Jeffrey Wammes, Elizabeth Jefferies, Robert Leech, Jonathan Smallwood","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00184-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-025-00184-y","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological states influence our happiness and productivity; however, estimates of their impact have historically been assumed to be limited by the accuracy with which introspection can quantify them. Over the last two decades, studies have shown that introspective descriptions of psychological states correlate with objective indicators of cognition, including task performance and metrics of brain function, using techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Such evidence suggests it may be possible to quantify the mapping between self-reports of experience and objective representations of those states (e.g., those inferred from measures of brain activity). Here, we used machine learning to show that self-reported descriptions of experiences across tasks can reliably map the objective landscape of task states derived from brain activity. In our study, 194 participants provided descriptions of their psychological states while performing tasks for which the contribution of different brain systems was available from prior fMRI studies. We used machine learning to combine these reports with descriptions of brain function to form a 'state-space' that reliably predicted patterns of brain activity based solely on unseen descriptions of experience (N = 101). Our study demonstrates that introspective reports can share information with the objective task landscape inferred from brain activity.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0