Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Irina Vartanova, Brent Simpson, Minna Persson, Khalid Ahmed Abdi, Neta Ad, Alisher Aldashev, Habib Mohammad Ali, Maurizio Alì, Khatai Aliyev, Yasser M H A Alrefaee, Alberth Estuardo Alvarado Ortiz, Per A Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Gizem Arikan, John Jamir Benzon R Aruta, Christian Lutete Ayikwa, Jonatan Baños-Chaparro, Davide Barrera, Justina Barsyte, Birzhan Batkeyev, Azma Batool, Elizaveta Berezina, Stéphanie Ngandu Bimina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Eva Boštjančič, Yap Boum, Marie Briguglio, Kagonbe Bruno, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Yanyan Chen, Manase Kudzai Chiweshe, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C Contreras-Ibáñez, Dinka Čorkalo, Christian E Cruz-Torres, Andrea Czakó, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Zsolt Demetrovics, Bojana M Dinić, Saša Drače, Rita W El-Haddad, Jan B Engelmann, Ignacio Escudero Pérez, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Celine Frank, Esteban Freidin, Marta Fulop, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Mauro Alberto García Jiménez, Ragna B Gardarsdottir, Alin Gavreliuc, Colin Mathew Hugues D Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Katarzyna Growiec, Brian W Haas, Geoffrey Haddock, Stavros P Hadjisolomou, Nina Hadžiahmetović, Mohammad Hosein Haji Mohammad Ali, Eemeli Hakoköngäs, Peter Halama, Given Hapunda, Andree Hartanto, Mahsa Hazrati, Boris Christian Herbas-Torrico, Szilárd Holka, Martina Hřebíčková, John A Hunter, Moudachirou Ibikounle, Dzintra Ilisko, Harpa Lind Hjördísar Jónsdóttir, Zivile Kaminskiene, Hansika Kapoor, Iva Kapović, Gassemi Karim, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Julian B Kirschner, Jonah Kiruja, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Shazia Kousar, Besnik Krasniqi, Ludovic Lado, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Barbara Landon, Žan Lep, Lisa M Leslie, Yang Li, Kadi Liik, Ming-Jen Lin, Marlon Elías Lobos Rivera, Wilson López-López, Edona Maloku, Mohona Mandal, Bernardo Ananias Manhique, Nathan Mpeti Mbende, Imed Medhioub, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, J Paola Merchán Tamayo, Linda Lila Mohammed, Schontal N Moore, Bahar Moraligil, Nijat Muradzada, Herwin Nanda, Ekaterina Nastina, Pegah Nejat, Daniel Nettle, Orlando Julio Andre Nipassa, Martin Noe-Grijalva, Pie Ntampaka, Rodrigue Ntone, Ravit Nussinson, Milan Oljača, Nneoma G Onyedire, Ike E Onyishi, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Daybel Pañellas Alvarez, Md Shahin Parvez, Gian Luca Pasin, Ivana Pedović, Pablo Pérez de León, Lorena R Perez Floriano, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Jose Roberto Portillo, Angela Potang, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Jana L Raver, Ricardo B Rodrigues, Juan Diego Rodríguez-Romero, Sara Romanò, Robert M Ross, Nachita Rosun, Selka Sadiković, Alvaro San Martin, Snežana Smederevac, Sarah Jane Smith, Natalia Soboleva, Daniel Erena Sonessa, Samantha K Stanley, Kristina Stoyanova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Kosuke Takemura, John Thøgersen, Habib Tiliouine, Hans Tung, Tungalag Ulambayar, Elze Marija Uzdavinyte, Randall Waechter, Yi-Ting Wang, Junhui Wu, Brice Martial Yambio, Eric Yankson, Kuang-Hui Yeh, Paul A M Van Lange
{"title":"Everyday norms have become more permissive over time and vary across cultures.","authors":"Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Irina Vartanova, Brent Simpson, Minna Persson, Khalid Ahmed Abdi, Neta Ad, Alisher Aldashev, Habib Mohammad Ali, Maurizio Alì, Khatai Aliyev, Yasser M H A Alrefaee, Alberth Estuardo Alvarado Ortiz, Per A Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Gizem Arikan, John Jamir Benzon R Aruta, Christian Lutete Ayikwa, Jonatan Baños-Chaparro, Davide Barrera, Justina Barsyte, Birzhan Batkeyev, Azma Batool, Elizaveta Berezina, Stéphanie Ngandu Bimina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Eva Boštjančič, Yap Boum, Marie Briguglio, Kagonbe Bruno, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Yanyan Chen, Manase Kudzai Chiweshe, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C Contreras-Ibáñez, Dinka Čorkalo, Christian E Cruz-Torres, Andrea Czakó, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Zsolt Demetrovics, Bojana M Dinić, Saša Drače, Rita W El-Haddad, Jan B Engelmann, Ignacio Escudero Pérez, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Celine Frank, Esteban Freidin, Marta Fulop, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Mauro Alberto García Jiménez, Ragna B Gardarsdottir, Alin Gavreliuc, Colin Mathew Hugues D Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Katarzyna Growiec, Brian W Haas, Geoffrey Haddock, Stavros P Hadjisolomou, Nina Hadžiahmetović, Mohammad Hosein Haji Mohammad Ali, Eemeli Hakoköngäs, Peter Halama, Given Hapunda, Andree Hartanto, Mahsa Hazrati, Boris Christian Herbas-Torrico, Szilárd Holka, Martina Hřebíčková, John A Hunter, Moudachirou Ibikounle, Dzintra Ilisko, Harpa Lind Hjördísar Jónsdóttir, Zivile Kaminskiene, Hansika Kapoor, Iva Kapović, Gassemi Karim, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Julian B Kirschner, Jonah Kiruja, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Shazia Kousar, Besnik Krasniqi, Ludovic Lado, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Barbara Landon, Žan Lep, Lisa M Leslie, Yang Li, Kadi Liik, Ming-Jen Lin, Marlon Elías Lobos Rivera, Wilson López-López, Edona Maloku, Mohona Mandal, Bernardo Ananias Manhique, Nathan Mpeti Mbende, Imed Medhioub, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, J Paola Merchán Tamayo, Linda Lila Mohammed, Schontal N Moore, Bahar Moraligil, Nijat Muradzada, Herwin Nanda, Ekaterina Nastina, Pegah Nejat, Daniel Nettle, Orlando Julio Andre Nipassa, Martin Noe-Grijalva, Pie Ntampaka, Rodrigue Ntone, Ravit Nussinson, Milan Oljača, Nneoma G Onyedire, Ike E Onyishi, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Daybel Pañellas Alvarez, Md Shahin Parvez, Gian Luca Pasin, Ivana Pedović, Pablo Pérez de León, Lorena R Perez Floriano, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Jose Roberto Portillo, Angela Potang, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Jana L Raver, Ricardo B Rodrigues, Juan Diego Rodríguez-Romero, Sara Romanò, Robert M Ross, Nachita Rosun, Selka Sadiković, Alvaro San Martin, Snežana Smederevac, Sarah Jane Smith, Natalia Soboleva, Daniel Erena Sonessa, Samantha K Stanley, Kristina Stoyanova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Kosuke Takemura, John Thøgersen, Habib Tiliouine, Hans Tung, Tungalag Ulambayar, Elze Marija Uzdavinyte, Randall Waechter, Yi-Ting Wang, Junhui Wu, Brice Martial Yambio, Eric Yankson, Kuang-Hui Yeh, Paul A M Van Lange","doi":"10.1038/s44271-025-00324-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every social situation that people encounter in their daily lives comes with a set of unwritten rules about what behavior is considered appropriate or inappropriate. These everyday norms can vary across societies: some societies may have more permissive norms in general or for certain behaviors, or for certain behaviors in specific situations. In a preregistered survey of 25,422 participants across 90 societies, we map societal differences in 150 everyday norms and show that they can be explained by how societies prioritize individualizing moral foundations such as care and liberty versus binding moral foundations such as purity. Specifically, societies with more individualistic morality tend to have more permissive norms in general (greater liberty) and especially for behaviors deemed vulgar (less purity), but they exhibit less permissive norms for behaviors perceived to have negative consequences in specific situations (greater care). By comparing our data with available data collected twenty years ago, we find a global pattern of change toward more permissive norms overall but less permissive norms for the most vulgar and inconsiderate behaviors. This study explains how social norms vary across behaviors, situations, societies, and time.</p>","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504534/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Communications Psychology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00324-4","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Every social situation that people encounter in their daily lives comes with a set of unwritten rules about what behavior is considered appropriate or inappropriate. These everyday norms can vary across societies: some societies may have more permissive norms in general or for certain behaviors, or for certain behaviors in specific situations. In a preregistered survey of 25,422 participants across 90 societies, we map societal differences in 150 everyday norms and show that they can be explained by how societies prioritize individualizing moral foundations such as care and liberty versus binding moral foundations such as purity. Specifically, societies with more individualistic morality tend to have more permissive norms in general (greater liberty) and especially for behaviors deemed vulgar (less purity), but they exhibit less permissive norms for behaviors perceived to have negative consequences in specific situations (greater care). By comparing our data with available data collected twenty years ago, we find a global pattern of change toward more permissive norms overall but less permissive norms for the most vulgar and inconsiderate behaviors. This study explains how social norms vary across behaviors, situations, societies, and time.
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