Communications Psychology最新文献_第5页

Associative learning via eyeblink conditioning differs by age from infancy to adulthood 从婴儿期到成年期，通过眼动条件反射进行的联想学习因年龄而异

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00176-4

Carolin Konrad, Lina Neuhoff, Dirk Adolph, Stephan Goerigk, Jane S. Herbert, Julie Jagusch-Poirier, Sarah Weigelt, Sabine Seehagen, Silvia Schneider

{"title":"Associative learning via eyeblink conditioning differs by age from infancy to adulthood","authors":"Carolin Konrad, Lina Neuhoff, Dirk Adolph, Stephan Goerigk, Jane S. Herbert, Julie Jagusch-Poirier, Sarah Weigelt, Sabine Seehagen, Silvia Schneider","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00176-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00176-4","url":null,"abstract":"Associative learning is a key feature of adaptive behaviour and mental health, enabling individuals to adjust their actions in anticipation of future events. Comprehensive documentation of this essential component of human cognitive development throughout different developmental periods is needed. Here, we investigated age-related changes in associative learning in key developmental stages, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. We employed a classical delay eyeblink conditioning paradigm that consisted of two sessions with a total of 48 paired trials. Our initial hypothesis was that performance in associative learning would increase linearly with age. However, our findings suggest that performance peaks during the primary school years: Children in this age-group exhibited superior performance compared to all other age-groups and displayed the most consistent and least variable learning. Adults and adolescents exhibited faster association learning than infants. An additional learning session supported learning in infants and adolescents indicating that during these developmental stages, consolidation processes are vital for learning. A comprehensive account of the development of associative learning may inform theories on aetiology and treatment options in clinical psychology and neurosciences. Learning associations via eyeblink conditioning was strongest in children ages 7 to 8 in comparison to infants, adolescents, and adults. A second learning session supported learning in infants and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00176-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychologists should study basic social cognition processes within the context of sexual interactions 心理学家应该在性互动的背景下研究基本的社会认知过程

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00160-y

Noam Markovitch, Anat Perry, Tali Kleiman

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of volitional personality change research 意志性人格改变研究的系统回顾

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00167-5

Peter Haehner, Amanda Jo Wright, Wiebke Bleidorn

{"title":"A systematic review of volitional personality change research","authors":"Peter Haehner, Amanda Jo Wright, Wiebke Bleidorn","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00167-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00167-5","url":null,"abstract":"Personality traits predict a broad range of life outcomes, including relationship success, educational attainment, and health. As many people have the desire to change some aspects of their personality, volitional personality change (VPC) – self-directed trait changes in the direction of personal change goals – has recently gained increasing attention. This preregistered review aimed to provide an integrative overview of the emerging literature on VPC ( https://osf.io/ns79m ). Based on a systematic literature search on PsycINFO (October 1, 2024), we identified 30 empirical, longitudinal studies on VPC (N = 7719). We summarized the findings from these studies in a narrative integration and using meta-analytic tools and distinguished two research strands in the VPC literature: studies examining VPC without interventions and studies examining intervention-induced VPC. Simply having a goal to change one’s personality was only weakly related to actual personality changes. However, VPC interventions were successful in promoting desired personality changes (d = 0.22, 95% CI = [0.005, 0.433], 7 studies, 26 effect sizes). These personality changes seemed to last or even increase during follow-up periods (d = 0.37, 95% CI = [0.140, 0.591], 4 studies, 17 effect sizes) and were associated with changes in other variables such as well-being. Although the available evidence on VPC is still limited, the initial results on VPC are promising. Future research is needed to draw definitive conclusions on the generalizability, mechanisms, and practical implications of VPC. The authors received no funding to conduct this review. Meta-analytic evidence finds interventions aimed at altering personality traits were successful in promoting change. A review of nonintervention studies, finds having the goal to change personality is weakly related to success","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00167-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioural determinants of physiologically-relevant light exposure 生理相关光照的行为决定因素

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00159-5

Anna M. Biller, Priji Balakrishnan, Manuel Spitschan

引用次数: 0

Self-esteem modulates the similarity of the representation of the self in the brains of others 自尊能调节他人大脑中自我表征的相似性

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00148-8

Moriah S. Stendel, Taylor D. Guthrie, Victoria Guazzelli Williamson, Robert S. Chavez

{"title":"Self-esteem modulates the similarity of the representation of the self in the brains of others","authors":"Moriah S. Stendel, Taylor D. Guthrie, Victoria Guazzelli Williamson, Robert S. Chavez","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00148-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00148-8","url":null,"abstract":"Social neuroscientists have made marked progress in understanding the underlying neural mechanisms that contribute to self-esteem. However, these neural mechanisms have not been examined within the rich social contexts that theories in social psychology emphasize. Previous research has demonstrated that neural representations of the self are reflected in the brains of peers in a phenomenon called the ‘self-recapitulation effect’, but it remains unclear how these processes are influenced by self-esteem. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in a round-robin design within 19 independent groups of participants (total N = 107) to test how self-esteem modulates the representation of self-other similarity in multivariate brain response patterns during interpersonal perception. Our results replicate the self-recapitulation effect in a sample almost ten times the size of the original study and show that these effects are found within distributed brain systems underlying self-representation and social cognition. Furthermore, we extend these findings to demonstrate that individual differences in self-esteem modulate these responses within the medial prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in evaluative self-referential processing. These findings inform theoretical models of self-esteem in social psychology and suggest that greater self-esteem is associated with psychologically distanced self-evaluations from peer-evaluations in interpersonal appraisals. Using a round-robin design, this study replicated the “self-recapitulation effect” (where neural representations of the self are similar to those in close others’ brains) and revealed how self-esteem modulates this effect.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00148-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dissociation between the use of implicit and explicit priors in perceptual inference 在知觉推理中使用隐性先验和显性先验之间的分离。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00162-w

Caroline Bévalot, Florent Meyniel

{"title":"A dissociation between the use of implicit and explicit priors in perceptual inference","authors":"Caroline Bévalot, Florent Meyniel","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00162-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00162-w","url":null,"abstract":"The brain constantly uses prior knowledge of the statistics of its environment to shape perception. These statistics are often implicit (not directly observable) and learned incrementally from observation, but they can also be explicitly communicated to the observer, especially in humans. Here, we show that priors are used differently in human perceptual inference depending on whether they are explicit or implicit in the environment. Bayesian modeling of learning and perception revealed that the weight of the sensory likelihood in perceptual decisions was highly correlated across participants between tasks with implicit and explicit priors, and slightly stronger in the implicit task. By contrast, the weight of priors was much less correlated across tasks, and it was markedly smaller for explicit priors. The model comparison also showed that different computations underpinned perceptual decisions depending on the origin of the priors. This dissociation may resolve previously conflicting results about the appropriate use of priors in human perception. Whether priors are implicit or explicit affects the computations underlying perceptual decisions. The integration of priors and likelihood combination is closer to Bayesian integration when priors are implicit, but more akin to a simpler heuristic when they are explicit.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00162-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive empathic response selection is sensitive to multiple dimensions of social interaction 适应性移情反应选择对社会互动的多个方面都很敏感。

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00164-8

Elena Kozakevich Arbel, Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory, Uri Hertz

{"title":"Adaptive empathic response selection is sensitive to multiple dimensions of social interaction","authors":"Elena Kozakevich Arbel, Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory, Uri Hertz","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00164-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00164-8","url":null,"abstract":"During empathic response selection, individuals draw from both past experiences and social cues, including the distressed person’s identity, their emotional state, and the cause of distress. To study how these social dimensions influence empathic-response learning we integrated a multidimensional learning paradigm, computational modelling, and adaptive empathy framework. Participants identified effective empathic responses across two blocks of distress scenarios, with one social dimension altered between blocks. We anticipated two learning patterns: dimension-sensitive, treating each change as a new learning experience, and dimension-insensitive, relying on previous experience as a baseline. We found that participants were sensitive to changes in person, emotional state, and distress cause, but to different degree. The person dimension was the most salient, suggesting that the distressed person’s identity is the primary reference point when interacting with others. Our findings provide a quantitative evaluation of the weight given to different dimensions of social interactions, which may help understand how people perceive and react in such scenarios. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 8 May 2024. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25827334.v1 . When providing emotional support and deciding on an empathic reaction, responders were sensitive to changes in the person requiring empathy, the emotional state of that person, and the cause of their distress. The identity of the person needing support was the most salient factor.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00164-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parent-child relationship quality predicts higher subjective well-being in adulthood across a diverse group of countries 不同国家的亲子关系质量可预测成年后更高的主观幸福感

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x

Jonathan T. Rothwell, Telli Davoodi

{"title":"Parent-child relationship quality predicts higher subjective well-being in adulthood across a diverse group of countries","authors":"Jonathan T. Rothwell, Telli Davoodi","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00161-x","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretically and empirically, parenting is closely related to the psychological health of offspring, but long-term effects and possible international differences are not well established. In a pre-registered multilevel modeling analysis using data from the Global Flourishing Study, we tested whether retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicts adult well-being in a representative sample of 202,898 adults living in 21 countries and one territory. We developed and validated indexes of flourishing and mental health. Retrospective parent-child relationship quality predicted both with substantial effect sizes for flourishing (std mean effect = 0.21, 95% CI 0.19–0.23) and mental health (std mean effect = 0.18, 95% CI 0.17–0.20). A positive association between relationship quality and flourishing was found in all 22 areas (significant in 21). Parental religiosity positively predicted relationship quality (std mean effect = 0.09, 95% CI 0.06–0.11). In higher income and more secular countries, relationship quality was lower, but the well-being benefits were higher. Parental religiosity predicted higher relationship quality in every country in the sample. Cross-cultural evidence indicates an association between higher recalled parent-child relationship quality and adult flourishing as well as current mental health. Relationship quality was higher with reports of greater parental religiosity","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00161-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensory stimulation enhances visual working memory capacity 感官刺激可增强视觉工作记忆能力

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6

Indre Pileckyte, Salvador Soto-Faraco

{"title":"Sensory stimulation enhances visual working memory capacity","authors":"Indre Pileckyte, Salvador Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00158-6","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (vWM) plays a crucial role in visual information processing and higher cognitive functions; however, it has a very limited capacity. Recently, several studies have successfully modulated vWM capacity in humans using entrainment with transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) by targeting parietal theta in a frequency-specific manner. In the current study, we aim to expand upon these findings by utilizing sensory instead of electrical stimulation. Across six behavioral experiments (combined N = 209), we applied rhythmic visual and auditory sensory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz, aiming to modulate vWM capacity. Collectively, the results showed an overall robust improvement with sensory stimulation at either frequency, compared to baseline. However, contrary to our prediction, 7 Hz stimulation tended to slightly outperform 4 Hz stimulation. Importantly, the observed facilitatory effect was mainly driven by the low-capacity sub-group of participants. Follow-up experiments using the Attention Network Test (ANT) and pupillometry measures did not find evidence that this effect could be directly attributed to modulation of phasic or tonic arousal. We speculate that our results differed from those obtained with tACS due to targeting functionally different theta oscillations, or the modulation of participants’ temporal expectations. Visual or auditory stimulation at 4 Hz and 7 Hz improved visual working memory performance. This effect was more pronounced in individuals with lower visual working memory capacity.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00158-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychoacoustic and Archeoacoustic nature of ancient Aztec skull whistles 古代阿兹台克人头骨哨音的心理声学和考古声学性质

Communications Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7

Sascha Frühholz, Pablo Rodriguez, Mathilde Bonard, Florence Steiner, Marine Bobin

{"title":"Psychoacoustic and Archeoacoustic nature of ancient Aztec skull whistles","authors":"Sascha Frühholz, Pablo Rodriguez, Mathilde Bonard, Florence Steiner, Marine Bobin","doi":"10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7","url":null,"abstract":"Many ancient cultures used musical tools for social and ritual procedures, with the Aztec skull whistle being a unique exemplar from postclassic Mesoamerica. Skull whistles can produce softer hiss-like but also aversive and scream-like sounds that were potentially meaningful either for sacrificial practices, mythological symbolism, or intimidating warfare of the Aztecs. However, solid psychoacoustic evidence for any theory is missing, especially how human listeners cognitively and affectively respond to skull whistle sounds. Using psychoacoustic listening and classification experiments, we show that skull whistle sounds are predominantly perceived as aversive and scary and as having a hybrid natural-artificial origin. Skull whistle sounds attract mental attention by affectively mimicking other aversive and startling sounds produced by nature and technology. They were psychoacoustically classified as a hybrid mix of being voice- and scream-like but also originating from technical mechanisms. Using human neuroimaging, we furthermore found that skull whistle sounds received a specific decoding of the affective significance in the neural auditory system of human listeners, accompanied by higher-order auditory cognition and symbolic evaluations in fronto-insular-parietal brain systems. Skull whistles thus seem unique sound tools with specific psycho-affective effects on listeners, and Aztec communities might have capitalized on the scary and scream-like nature of skull whistles. A series of psychoacoustic and neuroimaging studies reveal the effect that the sound of Aztec skull whistles has on modern listeners; the sound, which is perceived as a mixture of voice-like, scream-like, and technological, triggers affective processing.","PeriodicalId":501698,"journal":{"name":"Communications Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-024-00157-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0