Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Perineuronal Nets on CA2 Pyramidal Cells and Parvalbumin-Expressing Cells Differentially Regulate Hippocampal-Dependent Memory.","authors":"Georgia M Alexander, Viktoriya D Nikolova, Tristan M Stöber, Artiom Gruzdev, Sheryl S Moy, Serena M Dudek","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1626-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1626-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds certain populations of neurons, including (inhibitory) parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons throughout the brain and (excitatory) CA2 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus. PNNs are thought to regulate synaptic plasticity by stabilizing synapses and as such, could regulate learning and memory. Most often, PNN functions are queried using enzymatic degradation with chondroitinase, but that approach does not differentiate PNNs on CA2 neurons from those on adjacent PV cells. To disentangle the specific roles of PNNs on CA2 pyramidal cells and PV neurons in behavior, we generated conditional knock-out mouse strains with the primary protein component of PNNs, aggrecan (<i>Acan</i>), deleted from either CA2 pyramidal cells (Amigo2 <i>Acan</i> KO) or from PV cells (PV <i>Acan</i> KO). Male and female animals of each strain were tested for social, fear, and spatial memory, as well as for reversal learning. We found that Amigo2 <i>Acan</i> KO animals, but not PV <i>Acan</i> KO animals, had impaired social memory and reversal learning. PV <i>Acan</i> KOs, but not Amigo2 <i>Acan</i> KOs, had impaired contextual fear memory. These findings demonstrate independent roles for PNNs on each cell type in regulating hippocampal-dependent memory. We further investigated a potential mechanism of impaired social memory in the Amigo2 <i>Acan</i> KO animals and found reduced input to CA2 from the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), which signals social novelty. Additionally, Amigo2 <i>Acan</i> KOs lacked a social novelty-related local field potential response, suggesting that CA2 PNNs may coordinate functional SuM connections and associated physiological responses to social novelty.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>C. elegans</i> uv1 Neuroendocrine Cells Provide Mechanosensory Feedback of Vulval Opening.","authors":"Lijie Yan, Alexander Claman, Addys Bode, Kevin M Collins","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0678-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0678-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine cells react to physical, chemical, and synaptic signals originating from tissues and the nervous system, releasing hormones that regulate various body functions beyond the synapse. Neuroendocrine cells are often embedded in complex tissues making direct tests of their activation mechanisms and signaling effects difficult to study. In the nematode worm <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, four uterine-vulval (uv1) neuroendocrine cells sit above the vulval canal next to the egg-laying circuit, releasing tyramine and neuropeptides that feedback to inhibit egg laying. We have previously shown uv1 cells are mechanically deformed during egg laying, driving uv1 Ca²⁺ transients. However, whether egg-laying circuit activity, vulval opening, and/or egg release triggered uv1 Ca²⁺ activity was unclear. Here, we show uv1 responds directly to mechanical activation. Optogenetic vulval muscle stimulation triggers uv1 Ca²⁺ activity following muscle contraction even in sterile animals. Direct mechanical prodding with a glass probe placed against the worm cuticle triggers robust uv1 Ca²⁺ activity similar to that seen during egg laying. Direct mechanical activation of uv1 cells does not require other cells in the egg-laying circuit, synaptic or peptidergic neurotransmission, or transient receptor potential vanilloid and Piezo channels. EGL-19 L-type Ca²⁺ channels, but not P/Q/N-type or ryanodine receptor Ca²⁺ channels, promote uv1 Ca²⁺ activity following mechanical activation. L-type channels also facilitate the coordinated activation of uv1 cells across the vulva, suggesting mechanical stimulation of one uv1 cell cross-activates the other. Our findings show how neuroendocrine cells like uv1 report on the mechanics of tissue deformation and muscle contraction, facilitating feedback to local circuits to coordinate behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common and unique neurophysiological processes that support the stopping and revising of actions.","authors":"Mario Hervault, Jan R Wessel","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1537-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1537-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibitory control is a crucial cognitive-control ability for behavioral flexibility, which has been extensively investigated through action-stopping tasks. Multiple neurophysiological features have been proposed as 'signatures' of inhibitory control during action-stopping, though the processes indexed by these signatures are still controversially discussed. The present study aimed to disentangle these processes by comparing simple stopping situations with those in which additional action revisions were needed. Three experiments in female and male humans were performed to characterize the neurophysiological dynamics involved in action-stopping and -changing, with hypotheses derived from recently developed two-stage 'pause-then-cancel' models of inhibitory control. Both stopping and revising an action triggered an early, broad 'pause'-process, marked by frontal EEG β-frequency bursting and non-selective suppression of corticospinal excitability. However, EMG showed that motor activity was only partially inhibited by this 'pause', and that this activity could be modulated during action-revision. In line with two-stage models of inhibitory control, subsequent frontocentral EEG activity after this initial 'pause' selectively scaled depending on the required action revisions, with more activity observed for more complex revisions. This demonstrates the presence of a selective, effector-specific 'retune' phase as the second process involved in action-stopping and -revision. Together, these findings show that inhibitory control is implemented over an extended period of time and in at least two phases. We are further able to align the most commonly proposed neurophysiological signatures to these phases and show that they are differentially modulated by the complexity of action-revision.<b>Significance Statement</b> Inhibitory control is one of the most important control processes by which humans can regulate their behavior. Multiple neurophysiological signatures have been proposed to index inhibitory control. However, these play out on different time scales and appear to reflect different aspects of cognitive control, which are controversially debated.Recent two-stage models of inhibitory control have proposed that two phases implement the revisions of actions: 'pause' and 'retune'. Here, we provide the first empirical evidence for this proposition: Action revisions engendered a common, low-latency 'pause' process, during which motor activity is broadly suppressed. Later activity, however, distinguishes between simple stopping of actions and more complex action revisions. These findings provide novel insights into the sequential dynamics of human action control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of Type 1 Spiral Ganglion Neuron Subtypes onto Principal Neurons of the Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus.","authors":"Nicole F Wong, Sydney E Brongo, Evan A Forero, Shuohao Sun, Connor J Cook, Amanda M Lauer, Ulrich Müller, Matthew A Xu-Friedman","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1507-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1507-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian auditory system encodes sounds with subtypes of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that differ in sound level sensitivity, permitting discrimination across a wide range of levels. Recent work suggests the physiologically defined SGN subtypes correspond to at least three molecular subtypes. It is not known how information from the different subtypes converges within the cochlear nucleus. We examined this issue using transgenic mice of both sexes that express Cre recombinase in SGNs that are positive for markers of two subtypes: CALB2 (calretinin) in type 1a SGNs and LYPD1 in type 1c SGNs, which correspond to high- and low-sensitivity subtypes, respectively. We crossed these with mice expressing floxed channelrhodopsin, which allowed specific activation of axons from type 1a or 1c SGNs using optogenetics. We made voltage-clamp recordings from bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and found that the synapses formed by CALB2- and LYPD1-positive SGNs had similar EPSC amplitudes and short-term plasticity. Immunohistochemistry revealed that individual bushy cells receive a mix of 1a, 1b, and 1c synapses with VGluT1-positive puncta of similar sizes. We used optogenetic stimulation during in vivo recordings to classify chopper and primary-like units as receiving versus nonreceiving 1a- or 1c-type inputs. These groups showed no significant difference in threshold or spontaneous rate, suggesting the subtypes do not segregate into distinct processing streams in the AVCN. Our results indicate that principal cells in the AVCN integrate information from all SGN subtypes with extensive convergence, which could optimize sound encoding across a large dynamic range.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesions to Different Regions of the Frontal Cortex Have Dissociable Effects on Voluntary Persistence in Humans.","authors":"Camilla van Geen, Yixin Chen, Rebecca Kazinka, Avinash R Vaidya, Joseph W Kable, Joseph T McGuire","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0068-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0068-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deciding how long to keep waiting for uncertain future rewards is a complex problem. Previous research has shown that choosing to stop waiting results from an evaluative process that weighs the subjective value of the awaited reward against the opportunity cost of waiting. Activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) tracks the dynamics of this evaluation, while activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior insula (AI) ramps up before a decision to quit is made. Here, we provide causal evidence of the necessity of these brain regions for successful performance in a willingness-to-wait task. Twenty-eight participants (20 female and 8 male) with lesions to different regions of the frontal lobe were tested on their ability to adaptively calibrate how long they waited for monetary rewards. We found that participants with lesions to the vmPFC waited less overall, while participants with lesions to the dmPFC and anterior insula were specifically impaired at calibrating their level of persistence to the environment. These behavioral effects were accounted for by systematic differences in parameter estimates from a computational model of task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precuneus Activity during Retrieval Is Positively Associated with Amyloid Burden in Cognitively Normal Older <i>APOE</i>4 Carriers.","authors":"Larissa Fischer, Eóin N Molloy, Alexa Pichet Binette, Niklas Vockert, Jonas Marquardt, Andrea Pacha Pilar, Michael C Kreissl, Jordana Remz, Jennifer Tremblay-Mercier, Judes Poirier, Maria Natasha Rajah, Sylvia Villeneuve, Anne Maass","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1408-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1408-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precuneus is a site of early amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation. Previous cross-sectional studies reported increased precuneus fMRI activity in older adults with mild cognitive deficits or elevated Aβ. However, longitudinal studies in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking and the relationship to the Apolipoprotein-E (<i>APOE</i>) genotype is unclear. Investigating the PREVENT-AD dataset, we assessed how baseline and longitudinal precuneus activity during successful memory retrieval relates to future Aβ and tau burden and change in memory performance. We further studied the moderation by <i>APOE</i>4 genotype. We included 165 older adults (age, 62.8 ± 4.4 years; 113 female; 66 <i>APOE</i>4 carriers) who were cognitively normal at baseline with a family history of AD. All participants performed task-fMRI at baseline and underwent ¹⁸F-flortaucipir-PET and ¹⁸F-NAV4694-Aβ-PET on average 5 years later. We found that higher baseline activity and greater longitudinal increase in precuneus activity were associated with higher Aβ burden in <i>APOE</i>4 carriers but not noncarriers. We observed no effects of precuneus activity on tau burden. Finally, <i>APOE</i>4 noncarriers with low baseline precuneus activity exhibited better longitudinal performance in an independent memory test compared with (1) noncarriers with higher baseline activity and (2) <i>APOE</i>4 carriers. Our findings suggest that higher task-related precuneus activity during memory retrieval at baseline and over time are associated with greater Aβ burden in cognitively normal <i>APOE</i>4 carriers. Our results further indicate that the absence of \"hyperactivation\" and the absence of the <i>APOE</i>4 allele is related with better future cognitive outcomes in cognitively normal older adults at risk for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of pitch perception in the auditory cortex.","authors":"Ellie Bean Abrams, Alec Marantz, Isaac Krementsov, Laura Gwilliams","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1111-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1111-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to perceive pitch allows human listeners to experience music, recognize the identity and emotion conveyed by conversational partners, and make sense of their auditory environment. A pitch percept is formed by weighting different acoustic cues (e.g., signal fundamental frequency and inter-harmonic spacing) and contextual cues (expectation). How and when such cues are neurally encoded and integrated remains debated. In this study, twenty-eight participants (16 female) listened to tone sequences with different acoustic cues (pure tones, complex missing fundamental tones, and tones with an ambiguous mixture), placed in predictable and less predictable sequences, while magnetoencephalography was recorded. Decoding analyses revealed that pitch was encoded in neural responses to all three tone types, in the low-to-mid auditory cortex and sensorimotor cortex bilaterally, with right-hemisphere dominance. The pattern of activity generalized across cue-types, offset in time: pitch was neurally encoded earlier for harmonic tones (∼85ms) than pure tones (∼95ms). For ambiguous tones, pitch emerged significantly earlier in predictable contexts than unpredictable. The results suggest that a unified neural representation of pitch emerges by integrating independent pitch cues, and that context alters the dynamics of pitch generation when acoustic cues are ambiguous.<b>Significance Statement</b> Pitch enables humans to enjoy music, understand the emotional intent of a conversational partner, distinguish lexical items in tonal languages, and make sense of the acoustic environment. The study of pitch has lasted over a century, with conflicting accounts of how and when the brain integrates spectrotemporal information to map different sound sources onto a single and stable pitch percept. Our results answer crucial questions about the emergence of perceptual pitch in the brain: namely, that place and temporal cues to pitch seem to be accounted for by early auditory cortex, that a common representation of perceptual pitch emerges early in the right hemisphere, and that the temporal dynamics of pitch representations are modulated by expectation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of Adult Prefrontal Circuits Induced by Early Postnatal Fluoxetine Treatment Mediated by 5-HT7 Receptors","authors":"Angela Michela De Stasi, Javier Zorrilla de San Martin, Nina Soto, Andrea Aguirre, Jimmy Olusakin, Joana Lourenço, Patricia Gaspar, Alberto Bacci","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2393-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2393-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in high-level cognitive functions and emotional behaviors, and PFC alterations correlate with different brain disorders including major depression and anxiety. In mice, the first two postnatal weeks represent a critical period of high sensitivity to environmental changes. In this temporal window, serotonin (5-HT) levels regulate the wiring of PFC cortical neurons. Early-life insults and postnatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) affect PFC development leading to depressive and anxiety-like phenotypes in adult mice. However, the mechanisms responsible for these dysfunctions remain obscure. We found that early postnatal FLX exposure (PNFLX) results in reduced overall firing and high-frequency bursting of putative pyramidal neurons (PNs) of deep layers of the medial PFC of adult mice of both sexes in vivo. Ex vivo, patch-clamp recordings revealed that PNFLX abolished high-frequency firing in a distinct subpopulation of deep-layer mPFC PNs, which transiently express the serotonin transporter SERT during the first 2 postnatal weeks. SERT+ and SERT&ndash; PNs exhibit distinct morphofunctional properties. Genetic deletion of 5-HT7Rs and pharmacological 5-HT7R blockade partially rescued both the PNFLX-induced reduction of PN firing in vivo and the altered firing of SERT+ PNs in vitro. This indicates a pivotal role of this 5-HTR subtype in mediating 5-HT-dependent maturation of PFC circuits that are susceptible to early-life insults. Overall, our results suggest potential novel neurobiological mechanisms, underlying detrimental neurodevelopmental consequences induced by early-life alterations of 5-HT levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurons of the central nucleus of the amygdala that express angiotensin type 2 receptors couple lowered blood pressure with anxiolysis in male mice.","authors":"Khalid Elsaafien, Matthew K Kirchner, Karen A Scott, Eliot A Spector, Francesca E Mowry, Colin Sumners, Javier E Stern, Annette D de Kloet, Eric G Krause","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1482-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1482-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relief from psychological stress confers cardio-protection by altering brain activity and lowering blood pressure; however, the neuronal circuits orchestrating these effects are unknown. Here, we used male mice to discern neuronal circuits conferring stress relief and reduced blood pressure. We found that neurons residing in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) expressing angiotensin type 2 receptors (AT₂R), deemed CeA^AT2R, innervate brain nuclei regulating stress responding. In vivo optogenetic excitation of CeA^AT2R lowered blood pressure and this effect was abrogated by systemic hexamethonium or antagonism of GABA receptors within the CeA. Intriguingly, in vivo optogenetic excitation of CeA^AT2R was also potently anxiolytic. Delivery of an AT₂R agonist into the CeA recapitulated the hypotensive and anxiolytic effects, but ablating AT₂R(s) from the CeA was anxiogenic. The results suggest that the excitation of CeA^AT2R couples lowered blood pressure with anxiolysis. The implication is that therapeutics targeting CeA^AT2R may provide stress relief and protection against cardiovascular disease.<b>Significance statement</b> There is increasing appreciation that brain-to-body communication promotes susceptibility or resiliency to cardiovascular disease. Here, we present preclinical research that discerns a neural circuit that orchestrates brain-to-body communication and provides relief from mental stress. We discover that neurons within the central nucleus of the amygdala that express angiotensin type 2 receptors (hereafter referred to as CeA^AT2R) are potent mediators of blood pressure and anxiolysis. The implication is that CeA^AT2R or their angiotensin type 2 receptors can be targeted to protect against stress-induced cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Beta Power Reflects the Influence of Pavlovian Cues on Human Decision-Making.","authors":"Gianluca Finotti, Luigi A E Degni, Marco Badioli, Daniela Dalbagno, Francesca Starita, Lara Bardi, Yulong Huang, Junjie Wei, Angela Sirigu, Valeria Gazzola, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, Sara Garofalo","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0414-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0414-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reward-predictive cues can affect decision-making by enhancing instrumental responses toward the same (specific transfer) or similar (general transfer) rewards. The main theories on cue-guided decision-making consider specific transfer as driven by the activation of previously learned instrumental actions induced by cues sharing the sensory-specific properties of the reward they are associated with. However, to date, such theoretical assumption has never been directly investigated at the neural level. We hypothesize that such reactivation occurs within the premotor system and could be mapped by lateralized beta (12-30 Hz) desynchronization, a widely used marker of action selection and decision-making policy. To test this hypothesis, 42 participants (22 females) performed a pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm, while electroencephalographic activity was recorded. We anticipated increased beta desynchronization during the transfer phase when cues promoting specific transfer were presented, compared with cues predicting general transfer and neutral cues. The evidence collected confirmed our hypothesis, thus providing the first neural evidence in favor of the theorized reactivation of instrumental actions and corroborating the presence of two dissociable neural pathways underpinning specific and general transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}