Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Neural Network for Sublexical Information Processing: An Intracranial SEEG Study.","authors":"Chunyu Zhao, Yi Liu, Jiahong Zeng, Xiangqi Luo, Weijin Sun, Guoming Luan, Yuxin Liu, Yumei Zhang, Gaofeng Shi, Yuguang Guan, Zaizhu Han","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0717-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0717-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Words offer a unique opportunity to separate the processing mechanisms of object subcomponents from those of the whole object, because the phonological or semantic information provided by the word subcomponents (i.e., sublexical information) can conflict with that provided by the whole word (i.e., lexical information). Previous studies have revealed some of the specific brain regions and temporal information involved in sublexical information processing. However, a comprehensive spatiotemporal neural network for sublexical processing remains to be fully elucidated due to the low temporal or spatial resolutions of previous neuroimaging studies. In this study, we recorded stereoelectroencephalography signals with high spatial and temporal resolutions from a large sample of 39 epilepsy patients (both sexes) during a Chinese character oral reading task. We explored the activated brain regions and their connectivity related to three sublexical effects: phonological regularity (whether the whole character's pronunciation aligns with its phonetic radical), phonological consistency (whether characters with the same phonetic radical share the same pronunciation), and semantic transparency (whether the whole character's meaning aligns with its semantic radical). The results revealed that sublexical effects existed in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral and postcentral gyri, temporal lobe, and middle occipital gyrus. Additionally, connectivity from the middle occipital gyrus to the postcentral gyrus and from postcentral gyrus to the fusiform gyrus was associated with the sublexical effects. These findings provide valuable insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of sublexical processing and object recognition in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha Traveling Waves during Working Memory: Disentangling Bottom-up Gating and Top-down Gain Control.","authors":"Yifan Zeng, Paul Sauseng, Andrea Alamia","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0532-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0532-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While previous works established the inhibitory role of alpha oscillations during working memory maintenance, it remains an open question whether such an inhibitory control is a top-down process. Here, we attempted to disentangle this issue by considering the spatio-temporal component of waves in the alpha band, i.e., alpha traveling waves. We reanalyzed two pre-existing and open-access EEG datasets (N = 180, 90 males, 80 females, 10 unknown) where participants performed lateralized, visual delayed match-to-sample working memory tasks. In the first dataset, the distractor load was manipulated (2, 4, or 6), whereas in the second dataset, the memory span varied between 1, 3, and 6 items. We focused on the propagation of alpha waves on the anterior-posterior axis during the retention period. Our results reveal an increase in alpha-band forward waves as the distractor load increased, but also an increase in forward waves and a decrease in backward waves as the memory set size increased. Our results also showed a lateralization effect: alpha forward waves exhibited a more pronounced increase in the hemisphere contralateral to the distractors, whereas the reduction in backward waves was stronger in the hemisphere contralateral to the targets. In short, the forward waves were regulated by distractors, whereas targets inversely modulated backward waves. Such a dissociation of goal-related and goal-irrelevant physiological signals suggests the co-existence of bottom-up and top-down inhibitory processes: alpha forward waves might convey a gating effect driven by distractor load, while backward waves may represent direct top-down gain control of downstream visual areas.<b>Significance Statement</b> When exploring the functional role of alpha band neural oscillations during working memory, mostly amplitude modulations have been considered so far, with relatively limited exploration of spatial-temporal dynamics of this rather global brain oscillatory signature. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining the directionality of alpha wave propagation during working memory retention. Our findings offer novel insights into the well-established inhibitory role of alpha waves, demonstrating that this function is manifested differently according to their propagation directions: forward waves seem to facilitate bottom-up gating, while backward waves might mediate top-down gain control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent threat avoidance following negative reinforcement is not associated with elevated state anxiety.","authors":"E A Crummy, B L Chamberlain, J P Gamboa, J L Pierson, S E Ahmari","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0815-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0815-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating illness consisting of obsessions and compulsions. OCD severity and treatment response are correlated with avoidant behaviors thought be performed to alleviate obsession-related anxiety. However, little is known about either the role of avoidance in the development of OCD or the interplay between anxiety states and avoidance behaviors. We have developed an instrumental negative reinforcement (i.e. active avoidance) paradigm in which mice must lever-press to avoid upcoming foot shocks. We show that mice (both sexes) can learn this task with high acquisition rates (75%) and that this behavior is largely stable when introducing uncertainty and modifying task structure. Furthermore, mice continue to perform avoidance responses on trials where lever pressing is not reinforced and increase response rates as they are maintained on this paradigm. With this paradigm, we did not find a relationship between negative reinforcement history and anxiety-related behaviors in well-established anxiety assays. Finally, we performed exploratory analyses to identify candidate regions involved in well-trained negative reinforcement using expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos. We detected correlated c-Fos expression in 1) cortico-striatal regions which regulate active avoidance in other paradigms and 2) amygdala circuits known to regulate conditioned defensive behaviors.<b>Significance Statement</b> Studies in patients with OCD suggest that compulsions are performed to avoid perceived threats and modulate anxiety tied to obsessions and/or compulsions. The negative reinforcement of avoidance and alleviated anxiety could therefore be a key driver of compulsive behaviors. However, there are still outstanding questions concerning the relationship between these two behaviors and the neural circuits involved in mediating negative reinforcement. We have developed an operant negative reinforcement paradigm in mice with discrete avoid and escape behaviors that can be learned without prior reward training with high throughput (75% acquisition) with responding that persists during nonreinforced trials. However, no differences were observed between negative reinforcement vs. unshocked and inescapably shocked controls, suggesting that continued negative reinforcement did not impact anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The scope and limits of fine-grained image and category information in the ventral visual pathway.","authors":"Markus W Badwal, Johanna Bergmann, Johannes Roth, Christian F Doeller, Martin N Hebart","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0936-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0936-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans can easily abstract incoming visual information into discrete semantic categories. Previous research employing functional MRI (fMRI) in humans has identified cortical organizing principles that allow not only for coarse-scale distinctions such as animate versus inanimate objects but also more fine-grained distinctions at the level of individual objects. This suggests that fMRI carries rather fine-grained information about individual objects. However, most previous work investigating fine-grained category representations either additionally included coarse-scale category comparisons of objects, which confounds fine-grained and coarse-scale distinctions, or only used a single exemplar of each object, which confounds visual and semantic information. To address these challenges, here we used multisession human fMRI (female and male) paired with a broad yet homogenous stimulus class of 48 terrestrial mammals, with 2 exemplars per mammal. Multivariate decoding and representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed high image-specific reliability in low- and high-level visual regions, indicating stable representational patterns at the image level. In contrast, analyses across exemplars of the same animal yielded only small effects in the lateral occipital complex (LOC), indicating rather subtle category effects in this region. Variance partitioning with a deep neural network and shape model showed that across exemplar effects in EVC were largely explained by low-level visual appearance, while representations in LOC appeared to also contain higher category-specific information. These results suggest that representations typically measured with fMRI are dominated by image-specific visual or coarse-grained category information but indicate that commonly employed fMRI protocols may reveal subtle yet reliable distinctions between individual objects.<b>Significance Statement</b> While it has been suggested that functional MRI (fMRI) responses in ventral visual cortex carry fine-grained information about individual objects, much previous research has confounded fine-grained with coarse-scale category information or only used individual visual exemplars, which potentially confounds semantic and visual object information. Here we address these challenges in a multisession fMRI study where participants viewed a highly homogenous stimulus set of 48 land mammals with 2 exemplars per animal. Our results reveal a strong dominance of image-specific effects and additionally indicate subtle yet reliable category-specific effects in lateral occipital complex, underscoring the capacity of commonly employed fMRI protocols to uncover fine-grained visual information.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Vulnerability of GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons to Bilirubin Neurotoxicity in the Neonatal Brain.","authors":"Li-Na Gong, Han-Wei Liu, Ke Lai, Zhen Zhang, Lin-Fei Mao, Zhen-Qi Liu, Ming-Xian Li, Xin-Lu Yin, Min Liang, Hai-Bo Shi, Lu-Yang Wang, Shan-Kai Yin","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0442-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0442-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperbilirubinemia (HB) is a key risk factor for hearing loss in neonates, particularly premature infants. Here, we report that bilirubin (BIL)-dependent cell death in the auditory brainstem of neonatal mice of both sexes is significantly attenuated by ZD7288, a blocker for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel-mediated current (<i>I</i> _h), or by genetic deletion of HCN1. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons predominantly express HCN1, on which BIL selectively acts to increase their intrinsic excitability and mortality by enhancing HCN1 activity and Ca²⁺-dependent membrane targeting. Chronic BIL elevation in neonatal mice in vivo increases the fraction of spontaneously active interneurons and their firing frequency, <i>I</i> _h, and death, compromising audition at the young adult stage in HCN1^+/+, but not in HCN1^-/- genotype. We conclude that HB preferentially targets HCN1 to injure inhibitory interneurons, fueling a feedforward loop in which lessening inhibition cascades hyperexcitability, Ca²⁺ overload, neuronal death, and auditory impairments. These findings rationalize HCN1 as a potential target for managing HB encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Input / Output Relationships for the Primary Hippocampal Circuit.","authors":"B G Gunn, B S Pruess, C M Gall, G Lynch","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0130-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0130-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hippocampus is the most studied brain region but little is known about signal throughput -- the simplest, yet most essential of circuit operations -- across its multiple stages from perforant path input to CA1 output. Using hippocampal slices derived from male mice, we have found that single-pulse lateral perforant path (LPP) stimulation produces a two-part CA1 response generated by LPP projections to CA3 ('direct path') and the dentate gyrus ('indirect path'). The latter, indirect path was far more potent in driving CA1 but did so only after a lengthy delay. Rather than operating as expected from the much discussed trisynaptic circuit argument, the indirect path used the massive CA3 recurrent collateral system to trigger a high frequency sequence of fEPSPs and spikes. The latter events promoted reliable signal transfer to CA1 but the mobilization time for the stereotyped, CA3 response resulted in surprisingly slow throughput. The circuit transmitted theta (5Hz) but not gamma (50Hz) frequency input, thus acting as a low-pass filter. It reliably transmitted short bursts of gamma input separated by the period of theta wave - CA1 spiking output under these conditions closely resembled the input signal. In all, the primary hippocampal circuit does not behave as a linear, three-part system but instead uses novel filtering and amplification steps to shape throughput and restrict effective input to select patterns. We suggest that the operations described here constitute a default mode for processing cortical inputs with other types of functions being enabled by projections from outside the extended hippocampus.<b>Significance statement</b> Despite intense interest in hippocampal contributions to behavior, surprisingly little is known about how signals are processed across the network linking cortical input to CA1 output. Here, we describe the first input/output relationship for the system with results challenging the traditional tri-synaptic circuit concept. Signal throughput requires mobilization of recurrent activity within CA3 to amplify sparse input from the dentate gyrus into an unexpectedly stereotyped composite response. Potent low-pass filters determine effective input patterns. These results open the way to new analyses of how variables such as aging affect hippocampus and its contributions to behavior while providing material needed for biologically realistic models of the structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring Compromised Cl^- in D2 Neurons of a HD Mouse Model Rescues Motor Disability.","authors":"Melissa Serranilla, Jessica C Pressey, Melanie A Woodin","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0215-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0215-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure, characterized by significant neurodegeneration of striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Early stages of the disease are characterized by the loss of dopamine 2 receptor-expressing MSNs (D2 MSNs) followed by degeneration of dopamine 1 receptor-expressing MSNs (D1 MSNs), leading to aberrant basal ganglia signaling. While the early degeneration of D2 MSNs and impaired GABAergic transmission are well-documented, potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2), a key regulator of intracellular chloride (Cl^-), and therefore GABAergic signaling, has not been characterized in D1 and D2 MSNs in HD. We aimed to investigate whether Cl^- regulation was differentially altered in D1 and D2 MSNs and may contribute to the early degeneration of D2 MSNs in male and female symptomatic R6/2 mice. We used electrophysiology to record the reversal potential for GABA_A receptors (E_GABA), a read-out for the efficacy of Cl^- regulation, in striatal D1 and D2 MSNs and their corresponding output structures. During the early symptomatic phase (P55-P65)_, Cl^- impairments were observed in D2 MSNs in R6/2 mice, with no change in D1 MSNs. Cl^- regulation was also dysfunctional in the globus pallidus externa, resulting in GABA-mediated excitation. When we overexpressed KCC2 in D2 MSNs using AAV-mediated delivery, we delayed the onset of motor impairments in R6/2 mice. We demonstrate that Cl^- homeostasis is differentially altered in D1 and D2 MSNs and may contribute to the enhanced susceptibility of D2 MSNs during HD progression.<b>Significance Statement</b> Huntington's Disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene and characterized by the sequential loss of dopamine 2 and dopamine 1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2 and D1 MSNs) of the striatum. MSNs release GABA, which depends on proper Cl^- regulation for inhibition. We asked whether Cl^- homeostasis is differentially altered in D1 and D2 MSNs and their output structures, and whether this altered expression contributes to the pattern of degeneration between these two principal striatal cell types. Using electrophysiology, biochemistry, and fluorescence imaging, we determined that Cl^- regulation was impaired in D2 MSNs in R6/2 mice, with no change in D1 MSNs. Cl^- was also dysregulated in the globus pallidus externa resulting in excitatory GABA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the medial posterior parietal cortex in orchestrating attention and reaching.","authors":"Rossella Breveglieri, Riccardo Brandolani, Stefano Diomedi, Markus Lappe, Claudio Galletti, Patrizia Fattori","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0659-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0659-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between attention, alertness and motor planning is crucial for our manual interactions. To investigate the neural bases of this interaction, and challenging the views that attention cannot be disentangled from motor planning, we instructed human volunteers of both sexes to plan and execute reaching movements while attending to the target, while attending elsewhere, or without constraining attention. We recorded reaction times to reach initiation and pupil diameter and interfered with the functions of the medial posterior parietal cortex (mPPC) with online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to test the causal role of this cortical region in the interplay between spatial attention and reaching. We found that mPPC plays a key role in the spatial association of reach planning and covert attention. Moreover, we have found that alertness, measured by pupil size, is a good predictor of the promptness of reach initiation only if we plan a reach to attended targets, and mPPC is causally involved in this coupling. Different from previous understanding, we suggest that mPPC is neither involved in reach planning <i>per se</i>, nor in sustained covert attention in absence of a reach plan, but it is specifically involved in attention functional to reaching.<b>Significance Statement</b> Attention is required to perform dexterous arm movements. In this work we show the neural bases of the interplay between attention and reaching preparation, with the aim to provide information useful to address effective rehabilitation strategies to treat functional deficits observed in attention-related diseases. We discuss how brain areas are involved in orchestrating attention and reaching by signaling the alignment of their spatial coordinates. Moreover, we found that pupil size changes during reach preparation are related to reach initiation, suggesting a coordination between vigilance and reach promptness when preparing a reach to attended targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color and Spatial Frequency Provide Functional Signatures of Retinotopic Visual Areas.","authors":"Spencer R Loggia, Stuart J Duffield, Kurt Braunlich, Bevil R Conway","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1673-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1673-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primate vision relies on retinotopically organized cortical parcels defined by representations of hemifield (upper versus lower visual field), eccentricity (fovea versus periphery), and area (V1, V2, V3, V4). Here we test for functional signatures of these organizing principles. We used fMRI to measure responses to gratings varying in spatial frequency, color, and saturation across retinotopically defined parcels in two macaque monkeys, and we developed a Sparse Supervised Embedding (SSE) analysis to identify stimulus features that best distinguish cortical parcels from each other. Constraining the SSE model to distinguish just eccentricity representations of the voxels revealed the expected variation of spatial frequency and S-cone modulation with eccentricity. Constraining the model according to the dorsal-ventral location and retinotopic area of each voxel provided unexpected functional signatures, which we investigated further with standard univariate analyses. Posterior parcels (V1) were distinguished from anterior parcels (V4) by differential responses to chromatic and luminance contrast, especially of low spatial frequency gratings. Meanwhile, ventral parcels were distinguished from dorsal parcels by differential responses to chromatic and luminance contrast, especially of colors that modulate all three cone types. The dorsal-ventral asymmetry not only resembled differences between candidate dorsal and ventral subdivisions of human V4, but also extended to include all retinotopic visual areas, starting in V1 and increasing from V1 to V4. The results provide insight into the functional roles of different retinotopic areas and demonstrate the utility of Sparse Supervised Embedding as a data-driven tool for generating hypotheses about cortical function and behavior.<b>Significance Statement</b> This study demonstrates a new analysis, Sparse Supervised Embedding (SSE), which promises to be useful for visualizing and understanding complex neuroimaging datasets. The paper uses SSE to explore the functional roles of retinotopic visual areas (V1, V2, V3, V4, V3a, MT). The results show that retinotopic areas parcellated by representations for eccentricity and upper/lower visual hemifield have functional signatures, which are defined by unique combinations of responses to color, spatial frequency, and contrast. The functional signatures provide hypotheses for the different roles that the parcels play in vision and help resolve apparent differences between human and macaque visual cortex organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-awareness from whole-body movements.","authors":"Akila Kadambi, Gennady Erlikhman, Micah Johnson, Martin M Monti, Marco Iacoboni, Hongjing Lu","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0478-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0478-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans can recognize their whole-body movements even when displayed as dynamic dot patterns. The sparse depiction of whole-body movements, coupled with a lack of visual experience watching ourselves in the world, has long implicated non-visual mechanisms to self-action recognition. We aimed to identify the neural systems for this ability. Using general linear modeling and multivariate analyses on human brain imaging data from male and female participants, we first found that cortical areas linked to motor processes, including frontoparietal and primary somatomotor cortices, exhibit greater engagement and functional connectivity when recognizing self-generated versus other-generated actions. Next, we show that these regions encode self-identity based on motor familiarity, even after regressing out idiosyncratic visual cues using multiple regression representational similarity analysis. Last, we found the reverse pattern for unfamiliar individuals: encoding localized to occipito-temporal visual regions. These findings suggest that self-awareness from actions emerges from the interplay of motor and visual processes.<b>Significance Statement:</b> We report for the first time that self-recognition from visual observation of our whole-body actions implicates brain regions associated with motor processes. On functional neuroimaging data, we found greater activity and unique representational patterns in brain areas and networks linked to motor processes when viewing our own actions relative to viewing the actions of others. These findings introduce an important role of motor mechanisms in distinguishing the self from others.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}