Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling the component processes in complex planning impairments following ventromedial prefrontal lesions.","authors":"Eleanor Holton, Bas van Opheusden, Jan Grohn, Harry Ward, John Grogan, Patricia L Lockwood, Ili Ma, Wei Ji Ma, Sanjay G Manohar","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1814-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1814-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in humans disrupts planning abilities in naturalistic settings. However, it is unknown which components of planning are affected in these patients, including selecting the relevant information, simulating future states, or evaluating between these states. To address this question, we leveraged computational paradigms to investigate the role of vmPFC in planning, using the board game task 'Four-in-a-Row' (18 lesion patients, 9 female; 30 healthy control participants, 16 female), and the simpler 'Two-Step' task measuring model-based reasoning (49 lesion patients, 27 female; 20 healthy control participants, 13 female). Damage to vmPFC disrupted performance in Four-in-a-Row compared to both control lesion patients and healthy age-matched controls. We leveraged a computational framework to assess different component processes of planning in Four-in-a-Row and found that impairments following vmPFC damage included shallower planning depth, and a tendency to overlook game-relevant features. In the 'Two-Step' task, which involves binary choices across a short future horizon, we found little evidence of planning in all groups, and no behavioural differences between groups. Complex yet computationally tractable tasks such as 'Four-in-a-row' offer novel opportunities for characterising neuropsychological planning impairments, which in vmPFC patients we find are associated with oversights and reduced planning depth.<b>Significance Statement</b> The ability to plan in real-world settings is often disrupted after damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, real-world planning consists of many different cognitive processes, and it is uncertain which processes are disturbed by these lesions. Here we use rich computational models of planning to characterise behaviour in two planning tasks performed by patients with vmPFC damage and controls. VmPFC damage only affected behaviour in the more complex planning task, and behavioural modelling revealed this was associated with planning less far into the future and overlooking important features. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms supporting complex planning, demonstrating how novel computational methods can strike the balance between task complexity and interpretability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local differences in network organization in auditory and parietal cortex, revealed with single neuron activation.","authors":"Christine F Khoury, Michael Ferrone, Caroline A Runyan","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1385-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1385-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basic structure of local circuits is highly conserved across the cortex, yet the spatial and temporal properties of population activity differ fundamentally in sensory-level and association-level areas. In sensory cortex, population activity has a shorter timescale and decays sharply over distance, supporting a population code for the fine-scale features of sensory stimuli. In association cortex, population activity has a longer timescale and spreads over wider distances, a code that is suited to holding information in memory and driving behavior. We tested whether these differences in activity dynamics could be explained by differences in network structure. We targeted photostimulations to single excitatory neurons of layer 2/3, while monitoring surrounding population activity using two-photon calcium imaging. Experiments were performed in auditory (AC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) within the same mice of both sexes, which also expressed a red fluorophore in somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM). In both cortical regions, photostimulations resulted in a spatially restricted zone of positive influence on neurons closely neighboring the targeted neuron, and a more spatially diffuse zone (akin to a network-level 'suppressive surround') of negative influence affecting more distant neurons. However, the relative spatial extents of positive and negative influence were different in AC and PPC. In PPC, the central zone of positive influence was wider, but the negative suppressive surround was more narrow than in AC, which could account for the larger-scale network dynamics in PPC. The more narrow central positive influence zone and wider suppressive surround in AC could serve to sharpen sensory representations.<b>Significance Statement</b> The basic structure of local circuits is highly conserved across the cortex, and yet local processing goals vary across the sensorimotor hierarchy, from sensory perception to the control of behavior. It has been unclear whether these differences in function require different network organization. To probe the spatial structure of networks in sensory and association-level cortex, we photostimulated single excitatory neurons and measured the effect on local population activity in mice. Stimulations triggered a centered, positive activity change in neighboring neurons, and a surrounding, suppressive change in more distant neurons. The relative sizes of the center and surround differed across areas, suggesting that network structure is tailored for sharper, more restricted activity in sensory cortex, and more dense network activity in association cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal local cortical functional connectivity due to interneuron dysmaturation after neonatal intermittent hypoxia.","authors":"Ivan Goussakov, Sylvia Synowiec, Rafael Bandeira Fabres, Gabriela Dias Almeida, Silvia Honda Takada, Daniil P Aksenov, Alexander Drobyshevsky","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1449-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1449-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prematurely born infants often experience frequent hypoxic episodes due to immaturity of respiratory control resulting in disturbances of cortical development and long-term cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. We hypothesize that neonatal intermittent hypoxia alters maturation of cortical excitatory and inhibitory circuits that can be detected early with functional MRI. C57BL/6 mouse male and female pups were exposed to an intermittent hypoxia (IH) regimen from P3 to P7, corresponding to pre-term humans. Adult mice after neonatal IH exhibited motor hyperactivity and impaired motor learning in complex wheel tests. Patch clamp and evoked field potential recordings revealed increased glutamatergic synaptic transmission. To investigate the role of GABAergic inhibition on glutamatergic transmission during the developmental, we applied a selective GABAA receptor inhibitor picrotoxin. A decreased synaptic inhibitory drive in the motor cortex was evidenced by miniature IPSC frequency on pyramidal cells, multi-unit activity recording in vivo with picrotoxin injection, and decreased interneuron density. There was also an increased tonic depolarizing effect of picrotoxin after IH on Betz cells' membrane potential on patch clamp and direct current potential in extracellular recordings. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation on resting-state fMRI was larger, with a larger increase in regional homogeneity index after picrotoxin injection in the IH group.The increased glutamatergic transmission, decreased numbers, and activity of inhibitory interneurons after neonatal IH may affect the maturation of connectivity in cortical networks, resulting in long-term cognitive and behavioral changes. Functional MRI reveals increased intrinsic connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex, suggesting neuronal dysfunction in cortical maturation after neonatal IH.<b>Significance Statement</b> The study demonstrates that perinatal hypoxic brain injury disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in developing cortical networks. This disruption, potentially caused by functional deficiencies in GABAergic interneurons alongside increased glutamatergic transmission, may contribute to altered brain connectivity and the observed behavioral deficits, including hyperactivity and cognitive difficulties. This research provides insights into how perinatal brain injury disrupts the balance of neural excitation and inhibition, which can be detected as altered local resting-state fMRI connectivity. These findings contribute to our understanding of possible cellular underpinning of clinical fMRI findings after perinatal brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High beta power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex indexes human approach behavior: a case study.","authors":"Nicole R Provenza, Sameer V Rajesh, Gabriel Reyes, Kalman A Katlowitz, Lokesha S Pugalenthi, Raphael A Bechtold, Nabeel Diab, Sandesh Reddy, Anthony Allam, Ajay D Gandhi, Katya E Kabotyanski, Kasra A Mansourian, Jonathan H Bentley, Jordan R Altman, Saurabh Hinduja, Nisha Giridharan, Garrett P Banks, Ben Shofty, Sarah R Heilbronner, Jeffrey F Cohn, David A Borton, Eric A Storch, Jeffrey A Herron, Benjamin Y Hayden, Mary L Phillips, Wayne K Goodman, Sameer A Sheth","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1321-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1321-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an effective therapy for treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD). DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy. These acute behavioral changes, which we refer to as \"approach behaviors\", include increased social engagement and talkativeness. We investigated the relationship between stimulation amplitude, spectral power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and speech rate in one male patient with trOCD implanted with bilateral VC/VS DBS leads and subdural electrodes adjacent to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and vlPFC. Several times over the first 17 weeks of therapy, we conducted experiments where we recorded data during epochs of high amplitude or zero/low amplitude stimulation. We found that both speech rate and vlPFC power in a high beta frequency band (31±1.5Hz, 1/f activity removed) increased during high amplitude as compared to low amplitude periods. Speech rate correlated with vlPFC high beta power. These effects were more consistent across time points in the left hemisphere than the right. At week 17, we performed an experiment where stimulation was held constant while the patient was asked to speak or remain silent. We showed that the presence or absence of speech was not sufficient to increase the vlPFC high beta power, suggesting stimulation is a key driver of the observed neurobehavioral phenomenon. Our results suggest vlPFC high beta power is a biomarker for approach behaviors associated with VC/VS DBS.<b>Significance Statement</b> In one patient receiving DBS of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) for OCD, we leveraged a unique clinical opportunity to study the neurophysiological basis of approach behaviors using chronic intracranial recordings from prefrontal cortical regions. VC/VS DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy associated with increased social engagement and talkativeness (approach behaviors). Our results suggest that vlPFC high beta activity (particularly in the left hemisphere) may index approach behaviors (quantified here by speech features). This neural signal is consistent with our previous non-invasive studies identifying predictors of mania in patients with bipolar disorder, and we hope to gather further evidence that it indexes a continuum from adaptive approach behavior to maladaptive manic symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Temporal organization of learned vocal behavior is predicted by species rather than experience.","authors":"Jacob Aaron Edwards, Moises Rivera, Sarah Margaret Nicolay Woolley","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0576-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0576-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Birdsong is hierarchically organized in time, like speech and other communication behaviors. Syllables are produced in sequences to form song motifs and bouts. While syllables are copied from tutors, the factors that determine song temporal organization, including syllable sequencing (syntax), are unknown. Here, we tested the roles of learning and species genetics in song organization. We manipulated juvenile song experience and genetics in three species of estrildid finches (zebra finches: <i>Taeniopygia guttata castanotis</i>; long-tailed finches: <i>Poephila acuticauda</i>; Bengalese finches: <i>Lonchura striata</i> var. <i>domestica</i>). We analyzed the adult songs of male birds that were: 1) tutored by conspecifics; 2) untutored; 3) tutored by heterospecifics; and 4) genetic hybrids. Song macrostructure, syllable sequencing, and syllable timing were quantified and compared within and across species. Results showed that song organization was consistent within a species and differed across species, regardless of experience. Temporal features did not differ between tutored and untutored birds of the same species. The songs of birds tutored by other species were composed of heterospecific syllables produced in sequences typical of conspecific song. The songs of genetic hybrids showed the organization of both parental species, despite the fact that only males sing. Results indicate that song organization is predicted by species rather than experience.<b>Significance statement</b> Like speech, birdsong is a complex and learned behavior that is hierarchically organized in time. Previous work suggests that species identity influences song temporal organization. We tested the roles of genetics and learning in song organization in three songbird species and genetic hybrids. Birds were either tutored, untutored, or tutored by another species. Results showed that song organization was consistent within a species and differed across species, regardless of experience. Our findings suggest that the organization of behavioral sequences is shaped by both genes and experience, with the influence of experience acting at the level of units in a sequence and the influence of species genetics acting at the level of sequence organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Sleep Amount by CRTC1 via Transcription of <i>Crh</i> in Mice.","authors":"Zhihao Liu, Zhiyong Guo, Junjie Xu, Rui Zhou, Bihan Shi, Lin Chen, Chongyang Wu, Haiyan Wang, Xia Wang, Fengchao Wang, Qi Li, Qinghua Liu","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0786-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0786-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is required for regulation of daily sleep amount, whereas gain of function of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) causes severe insomnia in mice. However, the physiological functions of CRTCs and their downstream target genes in the regulation of sleep amount remain unclear. Here, we use an adult brain chimeric (ABC)-expression/knock-out platform for somatic genetic analysis of sleep in adult male mice. ABC expression of constitutively active mutant CRTC1/2^CA in the mouse brain neurons significantly reduces the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and/or rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Consistent with the fact that SIK3 phosphorylates and inhibits CRTCs, ABC expression of CRTC1/2/3^CA rescues the hypersomnia phenotype of <i>Sleepy</i> (<i>Sik3^Slp</i> ) mice. While ABC-<i>Crtc2^KO</i> or <i>Crtc3^KO</i> causes no sleep phenotype, ABC-<i>Crtc1^KO</i> or ABC expression of dominant-negative CRTC (dnCRTC) results in a modest reduction of NREMS amount accompanied with elevated NREMS delta power. Moreover, ABC expression of CRTC1^CA or dnCRTC in the excitatory neurons causes bidirectional changes of NREMS/REMS amount and/or NREMS delta power. The ability of CRTC1^CA to regulate sleep requires its transactivation domain and CREB-binding domain and is dependent on CREB. Furthermore, we showed that inducible ABC expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (<i>Crh</i>) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>Bdnf</i>)-two target genes of CRTCs-significantly reduces daily sleep amount. Notably, ABC-<i>Crh^KO</i> , but not <i>Bdnf^KO</i> , rescues the insomnia phenotype of ABC-CRTC1^CA mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the CREB-CRTC1 complex regulates daily sleep amount by modulating the transcription of <i>Crh</i> in the mouse brain neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PMP2+ Schwann cells maintain the survival of large-caliber motor axons.","authors":"Mikolaj M Kozlowski, Amy Strickland, Ana Morales Benitez, Robert E Schmidt, A Joseph Bloom, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Aaron DiAntonio","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1362-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1362-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and peripheral nervous system are characterized by selective neuronal vulnerability, i.e., pathology that affects particular types of neurons. While much of this cell type selectivity may be driven by intrinsic differences among the neuron subpopulations, neuron-extrinsic mechanisms such as the selective malfunction of glial support cells may also play a role. Recently, we identified a population of Schwann cells (SCs) expressing <i>Adamtsl1</i>, <i>Cldn14</i>, and <i>Pmp2</i> (a.k.a. PMP2+ SCs) that preferentially myelinate large-caliber motor axons. PMP2+ SCs are decreased in both ALS model mice and ALS patient nerves. Thus, PMP2+ SC dysfunction could contribute to motor-selective neuropathies. We engineered a tamoxifen-inducible Pmp2-CreERT2 mouse and expressed diphtheria toxin in PMP2+ SCs to assess the consequences of ablating this SC subtype in male and female mice. Loss of PMP2+ SCs led to significant loss of large-caliber motor axons with concomitant behavioral, electrophysiological, and ultrastructural defects. Subsequent withdrawal of tamoxifen restored both PMP2+ SCs and large-caliber motor axons and improved behavioral and electrophysiological readouts. Together, our findings highlight that the survival of large-caliber motor axons relies on PMP2+ SCs, demonstrating that malfunction of a specific SC subtype can lead to selective neuronal vulnerability.<b>Significance Statement</b> A hallmark of neurodegenerative disease is the differential vulnerability of neuron subtypes. While differences between neurons explain some differential sensitivity of neuronal subtypes, neuron-extrinsic mechanisms likely also contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability. Building on the recent identification of genetically distinct subtypes of myelinating Schwann cells, we test the hypothesis that Schwann cell subtypes support distinct classes of peripheral axons. To examine this, we ablated the PMP2+ subclass of myelinating Schwann cells and found preferential loss of large-caliber motor axons. These findings demonstrate that disrupting a specific SC subtype results in selective axonal vulnerability, highlighting the importance of considering neuron-extrinsic mechanisms when dissecting selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anterior Insula Engages in Feature- and Context-Level Predictive Coding Processes for Recognition Judgments.","authors":"Cristiano Costa, Cristina Scarpazza, Nicola Filippini","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0872-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0872-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictive coding mechanisms facilitate detection and perceptual recognition, thereby influencing recognition judgements, and, broadly, perceptual decision-making. The anterior insula (AI) has been shown to be involved in reaching a decision about discrimination and recognition, as well as to coordinate brain circuits related to reward-based learning. Yet, experimental studies in the context of recognition and decision-making, targeting this area and based on formal trial-by-trial predictive coding computational quantities, are sparse. The present study goes beyond previous investigations and provides a predictive coding computational account of the role of the AI in recognition-related decision-making, by leveraging Zaragoza-Jimenez et al. (2023) open fMRI dataset (17 female, 10 male participants) and computational modeling, characterized by a combination of view-independent familiarity learning and contextual learning. Using model-based fMRI, we show that, in the context a two-option forced-choice identity recognition task, the AI engages in feature-level (i.e., view-independent familiarity) updating and error signaling processes and context-level familiarity updating to reach a recognition judgment. Our findings highlight that an important functional property of the AI is to update the level of familiarity of a given stimulus while also adapting to task-relevant, contextual information. Ultimately, these expectations, combined with input visual signals through reciprocally interconnected feedback and feedforward processes, facilitate recognition judgments, thereby guiding perceptual decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary Organization of Mouse Driver and Modulator Cortico-thalamo-cortical Circuits.","authors":"Rachel M Cassidy, Angel V Macias, Willian N Lagos, Chiamaka Ugorji, Edward M Callaway","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1167-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1167-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corticocortical (CC) projections in the visual system facilitate hierarchical processing of sensory information. In addition to direct CC connections, indirect cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways through the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus can relay sensory signals and mediate cortical interactions according to behavioral demands. While the pulvinar connects extensively to the entire visual cortex, it is unknown whether transthalamic pathways link all cortical areas or whether they follow systematic organizational rules. Because mouse pulvinar neurons projecting to different areas are spatially intermingled, their input/output relationships have been difficult to characterize using traditional anatomical methods. To determine the organization of CTC circuits, we mapped the higher visual areas (HVAs) of male and female mice with intrinsic signal imaging and targeted five pulvinar→HVA pathways for projection-specific rabies tracing. We aligned postmortem cortical tissue to in vivo maps for precise quantification of the areas and cell types projecting to each pulvinar→HVA population. Layer 5 corticothalamic (L5CT) \"driver\" inputs to the pulvinar originate predominantly from primary visual cortex (V1), consistent with the CC hierarchy. L5CT inputs from lateral HVAs specifically avoid driving reciprocal connections, consistent with the \"no-strong-loops\" hypothesis. Conversely, layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) \"modulator\" inputs are distributed across areas and are biased toward reciprocal connections. Unlike previous studies in primates, we find that every HVA receives disynaptic input from the superior colliculus. CTC circuits in the pulvinar thus depend on both target HVA and input cell type, such that driving and modulating higher-order pathways follow complementary connection rules similar to those governing first-order CT circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Variability in the Structural Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain.","authors":"Weijie Huang 黄伟杰, Haojie Chen 陈豪杰, Zhenzhao Liu 刘桢钊, Xinyi Dong 董心怡, Guozheng Feng 冯国政, Guangfang Liu 刘广芳, Aocai Yang 杨奡偲, Zhanjun Zhang 张占军, Amir Shmuel, Li Su 苏里, Guolin Ma 马国林, Ni Shu 舒妮","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2139-23.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2139-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain exhibits a high degree of individual variability in both its structure and function, which underlies intersubject differences in cognition and behavior. It was previously shown that functional connectivity is more variable in the heteromodal association cortex but less variable in the unimodal cortices. Structural connectivity (SC) is the anatomical substrate of functional connectivity, but the spatial and temporal patterns of individual variability in SC (IVSC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we discovered a detailed and robust chart of IVSC obtained by applying diffusion MRI and tractography techniques to 1,724 adults (770 males and 954 females) from multiple imaging datasets. Our results showed that the SC exhibited the highest and lowest variability in the limbic regions and the unimodal sensorimotor regions, respectively. With increased age, higher IVSC was observed across most brain regions. Moreover, the specific spatial distribution of IVSC is related to the cortical laminar differentiation and myelination content. Finally, we proposed a modified ridge regression model to predict individual cognition and generated idiographic brain mapping, which was significantly correlated with the spatial pattern of IVSC. Overall, our findings further contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of individual variability in brain SC and link to the prediction of individual cognitive function in adult subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}