Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Feedback scales the spatial tuning of cortical responses during both visual working memory and long-term memory.","authors":"Robert Woodry, Clayton E Curtis, Jonathan Winawer","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0681-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0681-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perception, working memory, and long-term memory each evoke neural responses in visual cortex. While previous neuroimaging research on the role of visual cortex in memory has largely emphasized similarities between perception and memory, we hypothesized that responses in visual cortex would differ depending on the origins of the inputs. Using fMRI, we quantified spatial tuning in visual cortex while participants (both sexes) viewed, maintained in working memory, or retrieved from long-term memory a peripheral target. In each condition, BOLD responses were spatially tuned and aligned with the target's polar angle in all measured visual field maps including V1. As expected given the increasing sizes of receptive fields, polar angle tuning during perception increased in width up the visual hierarchy from V1 to V2, V3, hV4, and beyond. In stark contrast, the tuned responses were broad across the visual hierarchy during long-term memory (replicating a prior result) and during working memory. This pattern is consistent with the idea that mnemonic responses in V1 stem from top-down sources, even when the stimulus was recently viewed and is held in working memory. Moreover, in long-term memory, trial-to-trial biases in these tuned responses (clockwise or counterclockwise of target), predicted matched biases in memory, suggesting that the reinstated cortical responses influence memory guided behavior. We conclude that feedback widens spatial tuning in visual cortex during memory, where earlier visual maps inherit broader tuning from later maps thereby impacting the precision of memory.<b>Significance Statement</b> We demonstrate that remembering a visual stimulus evokes responses in visual cortex that differ in spatial extent compared to seeing the same stimulus. Perception evokes tuned responses in early visual areas that increase in size up the visual hierarchy. Prior work showed that feedback inputs associated with long-term memory originate from later visual areas with larger receptive fields resulting in uniformly wide spatial tuning even in primary visual cortex. We replicate these results and show that the same pattern holds when maintaining in working memory a recently viewed stimulus. That trial-to-trial difficulty is reflected in the accuracy and precision of these representations suggests that visual cortex is flexibly used for processing visuospatial information, regardless of where that information originates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific functional connectivity of molecular subtypes of subplate and layer 6b neurons.","authors":"Minzi Chang, Zheng Xu, Sophia Nehs, Yunru Chen, Joseph P Y Kao, Patrick O Kanold","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2094-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2094-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subplate neurons (SpNs) are among the earliest generated cortical neurons that form functional cortical synapses, and aid in cortical circuit development. A fraction of SpNs survive and form layer 6b in the adult cortex. While SpNs exhibit a large variety of molecular identities, it is unclear if molecular identity correlates with functional or connectomic identities and if different SpNs have similar developmental trajectories. To resolve these questions, we here characterize the functional intracortical circuits to molecularly identified subpopulations of SpNs with SpN-specific Cre-lines (CTGF-dgCre and Drd1-Cre) in <i>in vitro</i> brain slices of the primary auditory cortex using whole-cell patch clamp recordings and laser-scanning photostimulation. We targeted three age groups: before (postnatal day (P)7-P9) and after (P14-P20) the ear canal opens and when circuits are mature (P60-P80). The excitatory intracortical circuits impinging on both subtypes revealed similar patterns, but not the inhibitory circuits, particularly those from subplate/layer 6b. At P7-P9, Drd1 neurons received stronger inhibition from the subplate compared to CTGF neurons. The functional circuits on SpNs prune with age. By P60-P80, the inhibitory connections from layer 6b on CTGF neurons increased and became significantly abundant than those on Drd1 neurons. However, the inhibition strength between the two subtypes remained unchanged, suggesting that inhibition on CTGF was generally weaker at each stimulation site. Thus, SpNs exhibit diverse neuronal morphologies and intracortical input patterns, independent of molecular expression. Thus, although the subplate comprises distinct molecular classes of neurons, their molecular expression is not clearly correlated with morphologies and functional circuits throughout development.<b>Significance statement</b> Subplate neurons pioneer cortical circuit formation and shape its maturation. Subplate neurons can be categorized into different subpopulation based on their molecular identities. However, the relationship between functional circuitry and molecular identities was unclear. Our study demonstrated that excitatory inputs on different molecular classes of subplate neurons develop similarly but not the inhibitory inputs, particularly those from within subplate/layer6b. Moreover, subplate neurons within the same molecular classes exhibit diverse patterns of intracortical circuit connections and neuronal morphologies. This diversity becomes more pronounced in adulthood. Therefore, distinguishing the functional connectivity between the two subtypes based solely on their molecular identities is impossible. Overall, the molecular expression of subplate neurons is not clearly correlated with their morphologies and functional connectivity pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding human amygdala function with artificial neural networks.","authors":"Grace Jang, Philip A Kragel","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1436-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1436-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The amygdala is a cluster of subcortical nuclei that receives diverse sensory inputs and projects to the cortex, midbrain, and other subcortical structures. Numerous accounts of amygdalar contributions to social and emotional behavior have been offered, yet an overarching description of amygdala function remains elusive. Here we adopt a computationally explicit framework that aims to develop a model of amygdala function based on the types of sensory inputs it receives, rather than individual constructs such as threat, arousal, or valence. Characterizing human fMRI signal acquired as male and female participants viewed a full-length film, we developed encoding models that predict both patterns of amygdala activity and self-reported valence evoked by naturalistic images. We use deep image synthesis to generate artificial stimuli that distinctly engage encoding models of amygdala subregions that systematically differ from one another in terms of their low-level visual properties. These findings characterize how the amygdala compresses high-dimensional sensory inputs into low-dimensional representations relevant for behavior.<b>Significance Statement</b> The amygdala is a cluster of subcortical nuclei critical for motivation, emotion, and social behavior. Characterizing the contribution of the amygdala to behavior has been challenging due to its structural complexity, broad connectivity, and functional heterogeneity. Here we use a combination of human neuroimaging and computational modeling to investigate how visual inputs relate to low-dimensional representations encoded in the amygdala. We find that the amygdala encodes an array of visual features, which systematically vary across specific nuclei and relate to the affective properties of the sensory environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Amplitude Compression Help or Hinder Attentional Neural Speech Tracking?","authors":"Martin Orf, Ronny Hannemann, Jonas Obleser","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0238-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0238-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amplitude compression is an indispensable feature of contemporary audio production and especially relevant in modern hearing aids. The cortical fate of amplitude-compressed speech signals is not well studied, however, and may yield undesired side effects: We hypothesize that compressing the amplitude envelope of continuous speech reduces neural tracking. Yet, leveraging such a \"compression side effect\" on unwanted, distracting sounds could potentially support attentive listening if effectively reducing their neural tracking. In this study, we examined 24 young normal hearing (NH) individuals, 19 older hearing-impaired (HI) individuals, and 12 older normal hearing individuals. Participants were instructed to focus on one of two competing talkers while ignoring the other. Envelope compression (1:8 ratio, loudness-matched) was applied to one or both streams containing short speech repeats. Electroencephalography allowed us to quantify the cortical response function and degree of speech tracking. With compression applied to the attended target stream, HI participants showed reduced behavioral accuracy, and compressed speech yielded generally lowered metrics of neural tracking. Importantly, we found that compressing the ignored stream resulted in a stronger neural representation of the uncompressed target speech. Our results imply that intelligent compression algorithms, with variable compression ratios applied to separated sources, could help individuals with hearing loss suppress distraction in complex multitalker environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Olfactory Brain Responses in Young Infants.","authors":"Laura K Shanahan, Leena B Mithal, Marci Messina, Emma Office, Lauren Wakschlag, Patrick Seed, Thorsten Kahnt","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1780-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1780-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at 1 month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning. We found that odors evoke robust fMRI activity in the bilateral olfactory cortex and thalamus and that fMRI response magnitudes in the olfactory cortex differ across odors. However, in contrast to prior work in adults, we did not find compelling evidence that odor stimuli evoke discriminable fMRI activity patterns in the olfactory cortex or thalamus using two different multivariate pattern analysis techniques. Finally, the average inhale airflow rate was higher for appetitive odors than aversive odors, which tentatively suggests that infants could modulate their respiration to reflect odor valence. Overall, these results show strong neural responses to odors at this early developmental stage and highlight nasal airflow as a behavioral metric for assessing odor preference in infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Cerebellar and Cerebello-cortical Functional Connectivity Architecture during Infancy.","authors":"Sankalp Tikoo, Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo, Haitao Chen, Rebecca Stephens, Emil Cornea, John H Gilmore, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1209-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1209-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The conventional understanding of the cerebellum as a sole movement control center has become obsolete, given its role in various higher-order functions, including cognition, emotion, and social processing. As these functions emerge during infancy, it is logical to assume that the cerebellum's functional organization evolve in tandem or preemptively to underpin these functions. However, the longitudinal development of the cerebellum's functional architecture during the crucial early years of infant life remains largely unexplored, highlighting a significant research gap. In this study, leveraging a large cohort of both male and female full-term (FT; <i>n</i> = 155) and preterm (PT; <i>n</i> = 67) infants, we aimed to delineate the development of within-cerebellum and cerebello-cortical functional connections during the first 2 years of life. Our findings highlight comprehensive functional synchronization within the neonatal cerebellum with a striking cortical projection focus on primary sensorimotor and visual cortices. While the within-cerebellum synchronization demonstrated early emergence in neonates and developmental stability during the initial 2 years, the cerebello-cortical projection patterns evolved dramatically, marked by specialization, shifting, and higher-order cortex integration, providing exciting evidence of the cerebellum's potential involvement in higher-order functions from infancy. Furthermore, PT infants exhibited decreased cerebello-cortical connectivity compared with their FT counterparts, suggesting potential developmental alterations. These findings collectively illustrate a dynamic growth pattern of cerebellar functional organization marked by both within-cerebellum stability and cerebello-cortical projection plasticity with significant implications for long-term cognitive and socioemotional development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pallidothalamic Circuit-Selective Manipulation Ameliorates Motor Symptoms in a Rat Model of Parkinsonian.","authors":"Jacob Jackson, Hannah Loughlin, Chloe Looman, Chunxiu Yu","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0555-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0555-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively treats motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), with the globus pallidus interna (GPi) commonly targeted. However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. We employed optogenetic stimulation in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the rat homolog of GPi, in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned female Sprague Dawley rat model of PD. We quantified behavioral effects of optogenetic EP DBS on motor symptoms and conducted single-unit recordings in EP and ventral lateral motor thalamus (VL) to examine changes in neural activity. High-frequency optogenetic EP DBS (75, 100, 130 Hz) reduced ipsilateral turning and corrected forelimb stepping, while low-frequency stimulation (5 and 20 Hz) had no effect. EP and VL neurons exhibited mixed response during stimulation, with both increased and decreased firing. The average firing rate of all recorded neurons in the EP and VL significantly increased at 130 Hz but not at other frequencies. Beta-band oscillatory activity was reduced in most EP neurons across high frequencies (75, 100, 130 Hz), while reductions in beta-band oscillations in VL occurred only at 130 Hz. These findings suggest that the neural firing rates within EP and VL circuits were differentially modulated by EP DBS; they may not fully explain the frequency-dependent behavioral effect. Instead, high-frequency optogenetic EP DBS at 130 Hz may ameliorate parkinsonian motor symptoms by reducing abnormal oscillatory activity in the EP-VL circuits. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of circuit-specific modulation in the pallidothalamic pathway using optogenetic EP DBS to alleviate motor deficits in a PD rat model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Navarri et al., \"Cells and Molecules Underpinning Cannabis-Related Variations in Cortical Thickness during Adolescence\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0242-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0242-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Dynamics of the Processing of Speech Features: Evidence for a Progression of Features from Acoustic to Sentential Processing.","authors":"I M Dushyanthi Karunathilake, Christian Brodbeck, Shohini Bhattasali, Philip Resnik, Jonathan Z Simon","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1143-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1143-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When we listen to speech, our brain's neurophysiological responses \"track\" its acoustic features, but it is less well understood how these auditory responses are enhanced by linguistic content. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography responses while subjects of both sexes listened to four types of continuous speechlike passages: speech envelope-modulated noise, English-like nonwords, scrambled words, and a narrative passage. Temporal response function (TRF) analysis provides strong neural evidence for the emergent features of speech processing in the cortex, from acoustics to higher-level linguistics, as incremental steps in neural speech processing. Critically, we show a stepwise hierarchical progression of progressively higher-order features over time, reflected in both bottom-up (early) and top-down (late) processing stages. Linguistically driven top-down mechanisms take the form of late N400-like responses, suggesting a central role of predictive coding mechanisms at multiple levels. As expected, the neural processing of lower-level acoustic feature responses is bilateral or right lateralized, with left lateralization emerging only for lexicosemantic features. Finally, our results identify potential neural markers, linguistic-level late responses, derived from TRF components modulated by linguistic content, suggesting that these markers are indicative of speech comprehension rather than mere speech perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: DNA G-Quadruplex Is a Transcriptional Control Device That Regulates Memory.","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0308-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0308-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}