Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of cognitive arousal on the contrast response in human visual cortex.","authors":"Jasmine Pan,Louis N Vinke,Joseph T McGuire,Sam Ling","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0798-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0798-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"While animal studies have found that arousal states modulate visual responses, direct evidence for effects of arousal on human vision remains limited. Here, we used fMRI to examine effects of cognitive arousal on the gain of contrast response functions (CRFs) in human visual cortex. To measure CRFs, we measured BOLD responses in early visual cortex (V1-V3) while participants (n=20, 14 females and 6 males) viewed stimuli that parametrically varied in contrast. To induce different cognitive arousal states, participants solved auditory arithmetic problems categorized as either Easy (low arousal) or Hard (high arousal). We found surprising diversity in the modulatory effects across individuals: some individuals exhibited enhanced neural response with increased arousal, whereas others exhibited the opposite effect - a decrease in response with increased arousal. The pattern of overall BOLD modulation showed within-individual stability and was correlated with the degree of arousal-driven change in pupil size. Individuals who exhibited larger increases in pupil size with the arousal manipulation tended to show greater arousal-related decreases in visuocortical responses. We speculate that the polarity of the modulatory effect by cognitive arousal may relate to individual differences in cognitive effort expended in the high-difficulty condition, with individuals reaching different points on an underlying non-monotonic function.Significance Statement While animal work suggests that arousal state has a profound impact on visual processing, the effects on human vision remain less understood. Here we assessed the influence of cognitive arousal on the neural gain of visual responses in humans to better characterize the mechanisms by which arousal affects vision. Minimal modulation was observed at the group level, but closer examination revealed substantial variability in modulation across individuals, with some showing enhancement and others exhibiting a decrease in neural modulation of visual responses with high arousal. Changes in pupil size correlated with neural modulation, suggesting a non-linear inverted-U relationship between cognitive arousal and visual processing. These results provide evidence of arousal's differential impact on vision across individuals.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance in the membrane potential and light response of mouse rods.","authors":"Rikard Frederiksen,Paul J Bonezzi,Gordon L Fain,Alapakkam P Sampath","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1920-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1920-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"To characterize the function of the Ca2+-activated Cl- current ICl(Ca) in mammalian rod photoreceptors, we made patch-clamp recordings from retinal slices of mice (Mus musculus) of both sexes that lack Ano2 (TMEM16B). Depolarizing voltage ramps in solutions blocking K+ currents elicited a large outward current inhibited by the Cl-- channel blocker niflumic acid; this current was absent in Ano2-/- rods. The membrane potential of Ano2-/- rods was 10 - 15 mV more depolarized in darkness than WT or Cx36-/- rods, indicating a substantial resting Cl- permeability. Rod outer segment photocurrents were similar in waveform and amplitude in Ano2-/- and Cx36-/- rods, but photovoltages in Ano2-/- rods were nearly doubled. Measurements of light-response reversal potentials in rods with and without Ano2 suggest that the outer-segment conductance is nearly linear with a reversal potential of -9 mV; and that [Formula: see text] increases during the light response. Using these results, we estimated ECl from permeabilized-patch recordings of reversal potentials of Cx36-/- rods to have a mean value of -35 mV near the rod resting potential, but other evidence suggests that ECl may be more positive by as much as 10 - 15 mV. Thus activation of ICl(Ca) during the light response would be depolarizing. At dim intensities, the photocurrents of downstream rod bipolar cells were larger and about twice as sensitive in Ano2-/- retinas with reduced nonlinearity. These experiments show that Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in mammalian rods have more important roles in photoreceptor physiology than previously appreciated.Significance Statement To characterize the function of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel in mammalian rods, we recorded from Ano2-/- mice with a disrupted channel gene. We show that these Cl- channels make a surprisingly large contribution to the rod resting permeability. Moreover, measurements of reversal potentials indicate that light produces an increase in Cl- conductance, which can only occur if the Ca2+ concentration near the channels is increasing even as the rod membrane potential is hyperpolarizing. We describe a novel method to make the first measurement of ECl in a mammalian rod, which is near to or somewhat positive of Erest Thus, channel activation would depolarize the rod. Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have more important roles in mammalian photoreceptor physiology than previously appreciated.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Tinnitus via Inhibitory Influence of the Sensorimotor System on Auditory Cortical Activity.","authors":"Anne Sabados, Cora Kim, Stefan Rampp, Elisabeth Bergherr, Michael Buchfelder, Oliver Schnell, Nadia Müller-Voggel","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0581-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0581-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tinnitus is the subjective perception of a sound without corresponding external acoustic stimuli. Research highlights the influence of the sensorimotor system on tinnitus perception. Associated neuronal processes, however, are insufficiently understood, and it remains unclear how and at which hierarchical level the sensorimotor system interacts with the tinnitus-processing auditory system. We therefore asked 23 patients suffering from chronic tinnitus (11 males) to perform specific exercises, aimed at relaxing or tensing the jaw area, which temporarily modulated tinnitus perception. Associated neuronal processes were assessed using magnetencephalography. Results show that chronic tinnitus patients experienced their tinnitus as weaker and less annoying after completion of relaxing compared with tensing exercises. Furthermore, (1) sensorimotor alpha power and alpha-band connectivity directed from the somatosensory to the auditory cortex increased and (2) gamma power in the auditory cortex reduced, which (3) related to reduced tinnitus annoyance perception on a trial-by-trial basis in the relaxed state. No effects were revealed for 23 control participants without tinnitus (six males) performing the same experiment. We conclude that the increase in directed alpha-band connectivity from the somatosensory to the auditory cortex most likely reflects the transmission of inhibition from the somatosensory to the auditory cortex during relaxation, where concurrently tinnitus-related gamma power reduces. We suggest that revealed neuronal processes are transferable to other tinnitus-modulating systems beyond the sensorimotor one that is involved in attentional or emotional tinnitus modulation and provides deeper mechanistic insights into how and through which channels phantom sound perception might be modulated on a neuronal level.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Neural Dynamics of Headed Syntactic Structure Building.","authors":"Junyuan Zhao 赵隽元, Ruimin Gao 高睿敏, Jonathan R Brennan","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2126-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2126-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain builds hierarchical phrases during language comprehension; however, the details and dynamics of the phrase-building process remain underspecified. This study directly probes whether the neural code of verb phrases involves reactivating the syntactic property of a key subcomponent (the \"head\" verb). To this end, we train a part-of-speech sliding-window verb/adverb decoder on EEG signals recorded while 30 participants read sentences in a controlled experiment. The decoder reaches above-chance performance that is spatiotemporally consistent and generalizes to unseen data across sentence positions. Applying the decoder to held-out data yields predicted activation levels for the verbal \"head\" of a verb phrase at a distant nonhead word (adverb); the critical adverb appeared either at the end of a verb phrase or at a sequentially and lexically matched position with no verb phrase boundary. There is stronger verb activation beginning at ∼600 milliseconds at the critical adverb when it appears at a verb phrase boundary; this effect is not modulated by the strength of conceptual association nor does it reflect word predictability. Time-locked analyses additionally reveal a negativity waveform component and increased beta-delta inter-trial phase coherence, both previously linked to linguistic composition, in a similar time window. With a novel application of neural decoding, our findings delineate the dynamics by which the brain encodes phrasal representations by, in part, reactivating the representation of key subcomponents. We thus establish a link between cognitive accounts of phrasal representations and electrophysiological dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Reading Difficulties: Deviant Audiovisual Learning Dynamics and Network Connectivity in Children with Poor Reading Skills.","authors":"Nada Frei, David Willinger, Patrick Haller, Gorka Fraga-González, Gustavo S P Pamplona, Amelie Haugg, Christina G Lutz, Seline Coraj, Eva Hefti, Silvia Brem","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1119-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1119-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mastering the associations between letters and their corresponding speech sounds (LSS) is pivotal in the early stages of reading development, requiring an effective reorganization of brain networks. Children with poor reading skills often show difficulties in LSS learning. To date, however, it remains unclear how the interaction of brain regions integral to the processing and integration of letters and speech sounds changes with LSS learning. Characterizing these changes and potential differences between children with typical (TR) or poor (PR) reading skills on both behavioral and neural levels is essential for a more comprehensive mechanistic understanding of reading impairments. In this study, we investigated brain network alterations underlying LSS learning and their association with reading skills using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 80 schoolchildren (6.9-10.8 years, 36 females, 27 PR) with a wide range of reading skills. We applied a reinforcement learning drift-diffusion model to LSS learning data and analyzed the corresponding effective connectivity and activation measures in the brain. While both groups learned well, PR showed slower adaptation of responses than TR as trials progressed. This could be explained by a slower adjustment of the drift rate and decision boundary while learning and longer nondecision times. Alongside deviant connectivity in the network of visual, auditory, and associative brain regions, PR also showed reduced striatal modulation of connectivity from visual to audiovisual association areas throughout learning. These findings indicate impaired information transfer to integrative areas, which aids to explain the difficulties in achieving proficient reading skills from a neuroscientific perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel APP Knock-In Mouse Model to Study the Protective Effects of the Icelandic Mutation In Vivo.","authors":"Maria Luisa Valle","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0164-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0164-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excitability modulations of somatosensory perception do not depend on feedforward neuronal population spikes.","authors":"T Stephani, A Villringer, V V Nikulin","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2280-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2280-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural states shape perception at earliest cortical processing levels. Previous work in humans showed a relationship between initial cortical excitation, as indicated by the N20 component of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), pre-stimulus alpha oscillations, and the perceived intensity in a somatosensory discrimination paradigm. Here we address the follow-up question whether these excitability dynamics reflect changes in feedforward or feedback signals. To distinguish feedforward neural signals from feedback signals, we leveraged high-frequency oscillations (HFO) which have previously been shown to correspond to neuronal population spiking activity of the first excitatory feedforward volley in the somatosensory cortex. We examined these HFO in electroencephalography (EEG) data of 32 male human participants, performing a somatosensory intensity discrimination task. Spatial filtering and time-frequency analyses allowed to clearly distinguish HFO from the lower-frequency, conventional SEP. Using Bayesian statistics, we found evidence against the involvement of HFO in moment-to-moment variability of perceived stimulus intensity, in contrast to previously observed pre-stimulus alpha and N20 effects of the conventional SEP. Given that the N20 component presumably reflects backpropagating membrane potentials towards the apical dendrites (distal dendritic sites), we argue that top-down feedback processes (e.g., related to alpha oscillations) may thus rely on activity modulations at those distal dendrites of involved pyramidal cells rather than on synchronous output firing changes at their basal compartments.<b>Significance Statement</b> In the current work, we report evidence <i>against</i> the involvement of feedforward neuronal population spikes (non-invasively assessed by high-frequency oscillations, HFO) in moment-to-moment variability of the perceived intensity of somatosensory stimuli. Given that behaviorally relevant modulations of both pre-stimulus alpha activity and N20 amplitudes of the SEP were found in previous analyses of the same dataset, we suggest that these discrepancies can be explained by top-down excitability changes that act on <i>apical</i> rather than <i>basal</i> dendritic compartments. Thus, not the output of the first feedforward sweep seems to be affected by instantaneous neural states in somatosensory processing but rather its backpropagating counterpart in form of post-synaptic potentials in soma-dendritic direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Bidirectional Network Cores in the Brain with Perceptual Awareness and Cognition.","authors":"Tomoya Taguchi, Jun Kitazono, Shuntaro Sasai, Masafumi Oizumi","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0802-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0802-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain comprises a complex network of interacting regions. To understand the roles and mechanisms of this intricate network, it is crucial to elucidate its structural features related to cognitive functions. Recent empirical evidence suggests that both feedforward and feedback signals are necessary for conscious perception, emphasizing the importance of subnetworks with bidirectional interactions. However, the link between such subnetworks and conscious perception remains unclear due to the complexity of brain networks. In this study, we propose a framework for extracting subnetworks with strong bidirectional interactions-termed the \"cores\" of a network-from brain activity. We applied this framework to resting-state and task-based human fMRI data from participants of both sexes to identify regions forming strongly bidirectional cores. We then explored the association of these cores with conscious perception and cognitive functions. We found that the extracted central cores predominantly included cerebral cortical regions rather than subcortical regions. Additionally, regarding their relation to conscious perception, we demonstrated that the cores tend to include regions previously reported to be affected by electrical stimulation that altered conscious perception, although the results are not statistically robust due to the small sample size. Furthermore, in relation to cognitive functions, based on a meta-analysis and comparison of the core structure with a cortical functional connectivity gradient, we found that the central cores were related to unimodal sensorimotor functions. The proposed framework provides novel insights into the roles of network cores with strong bidirectional interactions in conscious perception and unimodal sensorimotor functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Statistical Learning Alters Low-Dimensional Cortical Architecture.","authors":"Keanna Rowchan, Daniel J Gale, Qasem Nick, Jason P Gallivan, Jeffrey D Wammes","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1932-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1932-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our brains are in a constant state of generating predictions, implicitly extracting environmental regularities to support later cognition and behavior, a process known as statistical learning (SL). While prior work investigating the neural basis of SL has focused on the activity of single brain regions in isolation, much less is known about how distributed brain areas coordinate their activity to support such learning. Using fMRI and a classic visual SL task, we investigated changes in whole-brain functional architecture as human female and male participants implicitly learned to associate pairs of images, and later, when predictions generated from learning were violated. By projecting individuals' patterns of cortical and subcortical functional connectivity onto a low-dimensional manifold space, we found that SL was associated with changes along a single neural dimension describing covariance across the visual-parietal and perirhinal cortex (PRC). During learning, we found regions within the visual cortex expanded along this dimension, reflecting their decreased communication with other networks, whereas regions within the dorsal attention network (DAN) contracted, reflecting their increased connectivity with higher-order cortex. Notably, when SL was interrupted, we found the PRC and entorhinal cortex, which did not initially show learning-related effects, now contracted along this dimension, reflecting their increased connectivity with the default mode and DAN, and decreased covariance with visual cortex. While prior research has linked SL to either broad cortical or medial temporal lobe changes, our findings suggest an integrative view, whereby cortical regions reorganize during association formation, while medial temporal lobe regions respond to their violation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Verbal Instructions Recruit Abstract Neural Patterns of Time-Variable Information Dimensionality.","authors":"Paula Pena, Ana F Palenciano, Carlos González-García, María Ruz","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1964-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1964-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human performance is endowed by neural representations of information that is relevant for behavior, some of which are also activated in a preparatory fashion to optimize later execution. Most studies to date have focused on highly practiced actions, leaving largely unaddressed the novel reconfiguration of information to generate unique whole task sets. Using electroencephalography, this study investigated the dynamics of the content and geometry reflected on the neural patterns of control representations during reconfiguration of information. We designed a verbal instruction paradigm where each trial involved novel combinations of multicomponent task information. By manipulating three task-relevant factors in a sample of 40 participants (26 females, 14 males), we observed complex coding schemes throughout the trial, during both preparation and implementation stages. The temporal profiles were consistent with a hierarchical structure: whereas task information was active in a sustained manner, the coding of more concrete stimulus features was more transient. Data showed both high dimensionality and abstraction, particularly during instruction encoding and target processing. Our results suggest that whenever task content could be recovered from neural patterns of activity, there was evidence of abstract coding, with an underlying geometry that favored generalization. During target processing, where potential interference across stimulus and response factors increased, orthogonal configurations also appeared. Overall, our findings uncover the dynamic manner with which control representations operate during novel recombination unique scenarios, with changes in dimensionality and abstraction adjusting along processing stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}