Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of temporal variations in wind speed on sheltering effectiveness and developing a simplified correction method to account for these variations.","authors":"Jun Hirouchi, Shogo Takahara, Masatoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheltering is a key countermeasure for mitigating radiation exposures during nuclear power plant accidents. The effectiveness of sheltering in minimising inhalation exposure is commonly expressed using the reduction factor, which is the ratio of indoor to outdoor cumulative doses. The indoor dose is primarily influenced by the air exchange rate, penetration factor, and indoor deposition rate. Additionally, the air exchange rate is dependent on wind speed. In previous studies, the reduction factor was often treated as a constant value or calculated under constant wind speed conditions. However, wind speed varies in reality. This study investigated the effect of temporal variations in wind speed on the reduction factor and developed a simplified correction method to account for these variations. The results revealed that temporal variations in wind speed caused the reduction factor to differ by a factor of approximately two. Using the simplified correction method, the corrected reduction factors agreed, on average, within 10% of those calculated using a method that explicitly considers temporal variations in actual wind speed. Additionally, the computational cost was reduced by more than 20 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray imaging of a museum artefact on site: Monte Carlo simulations for radiation protection evaluations.","authors":"P Ferrari, P L Rossi, M Bettuzzi, F Mariotti, M P Morigi, C Riccardizi, C Canevari, P Modesti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e5","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work is part of a meticulous x-ray tomographic imaging study on an artefact belonging to the collections of Civic Museums of Reggio Emilia. Using a mobile x-ray source, where the artefact is normally kept, reduces and simplifies the procedures related to its preservation needs. Using a radiation source in rooms not previously classified required a prior estimate of the environmental dose and the exposure of the operators and population based on semiempirical models and measurements. That was the occasion to test the quality of Monte Carlo simulations based on a simplified model of the source and the environment. The measurement results validated the simulations for further dose estimations of the ambient dose equivalent rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulations of 5/8'' NaI gamma camera detector response in radiological emergency preparedness.","authors":"Martin Hjellström, Mats Isaksson","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a radiological or nuclear (RN) event there is a need for measurement equipment readily available for estimation of internal contamination. Previous studies have shown that the gamma camera is a feasible tool for estimation of whole-body activity for relevant radionuclides during the recovery phase of an accident, e.g. by using whole-spectrum analysis. However, this technique is limited by the difficulties to interpret the spectral information in cases where more than one radionuclide is present in the subject. In this study, a Monte Carlo (MC) model of a gamma camera with a crystal thickness of 5/8'' was constructed using the Geant4 based MC software GATE to better understand the spectral information from multiple contaminants and to facilitate calibration for various radionuclides and contamination scenarios with several radionuclides present. The validation of the model showed good agreement with measurement data, within 15% deviation, which is an uncertainty generally accepted for RN event scenarios. The model was used to simulate the gamma camera detector response for relevant contamination scenarios in the short and the long term perspective following a nuclear power plant accident.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vital role of radiation protection research in Europe's future: a PIANOFORTE white paper.","authors":"Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace, Jean-Christophe Gariel, Filip Vanhavere, Florian Rauser, Andrzej Wojcik, Elizabeth Ainsbury, Simon Bouffler, Marie Davídková, Tomasz Kalita, Christoph Hoeschen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7c0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7c0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation protection is a cornerstone of public health, occupational safety, patient welfare, and environmental stewardship. A strong emphasis on radiation protection is necessary to contribute to the well-being of citizens, to innovation and sustainable growth across Europe, and to meet the challenges by application of new technologies, and emerging threats. While the use of ionising radiation and radioactive substances underpins significant advancements in medicine, nuclear and non-nuclear industry, it also poses risks that must be carefully defined and managed in environmental and health policies. Effective radiation protection knowledge and know-how help balance the benefits and risks of ionising radiation use, empowering European society to harness its potential safely. Neglecting investment in radiation protection research could lead to increased risks, delayed innovation, and risk-disproportionate radiation protection policy and regulation frameworks, hindering Europe's progress and resilience. This white paper argues for sustained investment in radiation protection research, in the follow-up of the dedicated PIANOFORTE pan-European partnership (2022-2029). In the context of the 10th Framework Programme of Research and Innovation and its related EURATOM's part, this should be achieved with a funding envelop for radiation protection research of ca. 75 M€ through a PIANOFORTE-like partnership, including actions related to infrastructure and education and training. Such investment forms an essential component of Europe's strategy for competitiveness, security, and quality of life, including quality of environmental resources and natural capital, notably but not only in the context of the energy transition. Key challenges related to occupational exposure, medical diagnostics and treatments, emergency preparedness and response, exposure to natural sources of radiation and environmental protection underscore the need for comprehensive research to support evidence-based policy decisions, harmonised regulations and safe, sustainable and integrated practices that address protection of both human and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colossus: software for radiation epidemiological studies with big data.","authors":"Eric Giunta, Dawson Stutzman, Sarah S Cohen, Benjamin French, Linda Walsh, Lawrence T Dauer, John D Boice, Steve R Blattnig, Dan Andresen, Amir A Bahadori","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adcd80","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adcd80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colossus is designed to meet a growing need for survival analysis software capable of analyzing tens of millions of rows of radiation epidemiological data. Colossus is an R package devised to offer scalable survival analysis for the Million Person Study. The total and relative rate equations available in Colossus are outlined in this article, which are used in conjunction with Cox proportional hazards, Poisson, and Fine-Grey regression models. Following a comparison with existing software, validation with epidemiological cohort data is described. Exposure data and specific causes of death among workers at Los Alamos National Laboratory and U.S. nuclear power plants were analyzed by Colossus and 32-bit Epicure and compared with published results. Colossus results agreed with the results of existing software and previous publications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational radiation exposure during blood sample collection post I-131 therapeutic administration in thyroid cancer patients.","authors":"Amna Al Jabri, Jennie Cooke, Seán Cournane, Marie-Louise Healy","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc8b3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc8b3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The blood sampling required for the verification of dose delivered during radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) therapy is a source of radiation exposure for healthcare staff. This study aims to estimate staff exposures, using Monte Carlo modelling, as well as experimental measurements. The study further aimed to validate the models with staff exposure measurements and examine the impact of protective measures on the procedure. The clinical set-up of blood sampling post¹³¹I patient administration, within a dedicated¹³¹I ablation therapy suite, was modelled using EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs). The dose scoring regions representing deep dose (Hp(10)) and skin dose (Hp(0.07)) were estimated and validated with an experimental approach and clinical monitoring of staff members using electronic personal dosimeters. MCSs and experimental values did not show significant differences between the two approaches (<i>p</i>> 0.05), with simulated values having lower uncertainties. It is demonstrated that the model is capable of being tailored to clinical scenarios at any centre. The simulations were corroborated with dosimetry data of blood sampling from 14 patients post administering 3.7 GBq¹³¹I, amounting to a total of 54 measurements from 14 staff members. With the employed protective shielding, none of the staff were exposed to a dose rate approaching the annual dose constraint of 0.3 mSv.yr^-1. The experimental and MCS data show good agreement with the clinical data, demonstrating the advantages of MCS approaches for providing useful information for planning and carrying out risk assessments before implementing a new dosimetry practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: in memory of Malgorzata Karpow Sneve (1963-2024).","authors":"Per Strand, Katarzyna Siegien","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc8b2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/adc8b2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to harmonize mortality data sets in three diverse radiation worker cohorts.","authors":"Jianqi Zhang, Daniel O Stram, Sarah S Cohen, Michael T Mumma, David J Pawel, Howard D Sesso, Richard W Leggett, Andrew J Einstein, John D Boice","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7bf","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7bf","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there is a well-established link between ionizing radiation and cancer, there are uncertainties with effects following low doses delivered at low dose rates. To address these gaps, the ongoing Million Person Study of Radiation Workers and Veterans (MPS) is investigating the likelihood of a variety of cancer and non-cancer effects following chronic exposure to low dose-rate ionizing radiation. One challenge is and will be combining and harmonizing diverse cohorts with widely different measures of socio-economic status, birth cohorts, dose distributions and sex ratios. Herein, we have evaluated non-cancer mortality in three cohorts for which dose reconstructions have been completed: Rocketdyne (Atomics International, California, 1948-2008), Mound (Dayton, Ohio, 1944-2009) and nuclear weapons test participants (Atomic Veterans, 1945-2012). These three cohorts represent a small fraction of the overall MPS but provide valuable insight into methods of combining and harmonizing data from multiple diverse cohorts that can later be considered for all MPS cohorts. Heart disease mortality, including both underlying and contributing causes of death, was chosen for illustrating the statistical approaches. In all three cohorts, radiation dose estimates were distributed very differently by different measures of socio-economic status. Further, the effect of birth cohort was significantly different for heart disease mortality in all three cohorts, with all studies showing that later birth cohorts have lower rates of heart disease mortality than the earlier. The goal of this paper is not to quantify radiation effects based on these combined cohorts and it would be inappropriate to do so. Rather these cohorts are used to illustrate approaches for combining multiple data sets that incorporate the full set of individual confounder and cofactor information available from each cohort, though widely different. We identified five different methods to combine the results of these three datasets: the simple pooled analysis (PA), PA including study interactions, traditional stratified analysis, and both fixed and random effects meta-analysis. We describe the similarities and differences between the combined results using these approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic approach for estimating ICRU Report 95 operational quantities for personnel monitoring using a 3-element TLD badge system.","authors":"Munir S Pathan, S M Pradhan, T Palani Selvam, B K Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc939","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 95 marks a revision of operational quantities (OQs) for individual monitoring due to external radiation exposures. This revision has a major impact, particularly in low photon energy range (20-100 keV), where the conversion coefficients of existing [(<i>H</i>_p(10)] and new [(<i>H</i>_p)] OQs for whole body dose differ by a factor up to 5. The shift from<i>H</i>_p(10) to<i>H</i>_pposes considerable challenges for its integration into existing personnel dosimetry systems. This is particularly relevant to the diagnostic radiology sector, where photon energies predominantly range between 20 and 100 keV and approximately 70% of monitored occupational workers are from this sector. In this context, the present study investigates the feasibility of implementing the updated OQs for multi-element passive dosimetry systems, such as CaSO₄:Dy-based thermoluminescent dosimeters and outlines a systematic approach. Three approaches were demonstrated for the implementation of<i>H</i>_p: a linear equation-based method, a non-linear equation approach, and a multi-stage machine learning model. The results indicate that all methods achieved promising accuracy in dose estimation, with the machine-learning model exhibiting a slight advantage. Notably, approximately 99% of the estimated doses fell within ±30% of the actual delivered dose, underscoring the reliability of these approaches for practical application. The present study highlights the distinct advantage of multi-element passive dosimeters, demonstrating their capability to accommodate<i>H</i>_pwithout necessitating significant design modifications. Through a systematic approach for estimating<i>H</i>_p, this study establishes the efficacy of multi-element passive dosimeters as a viable solution for the implementation of ICRU-95 OQs in personnel monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Epidemiology to Education: The Bernard Wheatley Award for 2024.","authors":"M C Thorne","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc4f3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc4f3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}