Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Individual external doses and conversion coefficients for outdoor workers after the lifting of evacuation orders in specified reconstruction and revitalization base areas following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident.","authors":"Motofumi Saisu, Kotaro Ochi, Keizo Uchiyama, Naruhito Mizuno, Masashi Yoshida, Yukihisa Sanada","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7d36","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7d36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident, evacuation orders have gradually been lifted in specified reconstruction and revitalization base areas (SRRBAs) as decontamination efforts have progressed and ambient dose rates (ADs) have decreased. By contrast, the actual state of individual external doses (IDs) during outdoor work in SRRBAs after the lifting of evacuation orders, as well as the applicability of conversion coefficients (CCs) used to estimate IDs from ADs, have not been sufficiently investigated in previous studies. In this study, IDs recorded by personal dosimeters worn by outdoor workers in SRRBAs where the evacuation orders had been lifted, and their relationship with ADs derived from airborne monitoring were statistically evaluated. The Brunner-Munzel test confirmed that the median hourly-average ID, calculated by dividing the cumulative individual dose by the corresponding measurement duration, was significantly lower after the lifting of evacuation orders than before (<i>p</i>< 0.01). Furthermore, the median CC was 0.39, which is lower than the coefficient of 0.6 implicitly used in the Japanese government's radiation exposure dose estimation model. The Brunner-Munzel test showed no significant difference (<i>p</i>> 0.01) between the median CC obtained in this study and that reported in our previous study conducted before the lifting of evacuation orders (median: 0.38). These results suggest that the CC obtained in the present study is consistent with previously reported values, despite environmental changes associated with the lifting of evacuation orders. The findings are expected to contribute to improving external exposure assessment for outdoor workers in SRRBAs after the lifting of evacuation orders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating physical shielding in paediatric chest computed tomography: a phantom-based assessment of dose distribution and image quality.","authors":"Donghee Han, Hidetake Yabuuchi, Choirul Anam, Aishath Nadhiya, Toshioh Fujibuchi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae80d1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ae80d1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caregivers may be at risk of exposure to scattered radiation during paediatric chest computed tomography (CT) examinations. This study re-evaluated the effects of physical shielding on paediatric chest CT under controlled experimental conditions using an anthropomorphic paediatric phantom, with an emphasis on the organ dose distribution, scattered radiation relevant to caregivers, and image quality. The phantom was scanned using two CT protocols: with and without bismuth shielding applied to the anterior chest region. Organ doses were measured using real-time scintillation detectors placed in multiple internal organs at the anterior chest surface location corresponding to the breast. Scattered radiation was assessed at caregiver-relevant positions adjacent to the CT gantry using personal dosimeters positioned at the thyroid, eye, abdominal, and gonadal levels. Image quality was evaluated through region-of-interest-based analyses, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and Hounsfield unit line profile assessments. The results demonstrated that physical shielding primarily altered the dose distribution in the anterior thoracic regions, including a marked reduction in the breast dose, while doses to the posterior and distant organs were minimally affected. In addition, scattered radiation measurements indicated reduced exposure at caregiver-relevant locations when shielding was applied. Quantitative image analysis showed that shielding-induced changes in the SNR and CNR were measurable but did not compromise the interpretability of the lung parenchyma and other diagnostically relevant regions under controlled conditions. Under these conditions, without automatic exposure control (AEC), physical shielding modified the anterior organ dose distribution and reduced scattered radiation while preserving stable image characteristics. Although the routine clinical use of physical shielding is not advocated, these findings provide quantitative reference data to clarify its potential benefits and limitations in paediatric-specific contexts and support further investigations incorporating AEC and clinical image validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worry, coping, and psychological distress under low-dose ionizing radiation exposure: long-term psychological impact among residents of radiation-contaminated buildings.","authors":"Bo-Jun Chen, Ren-Hau Li, Shu-Ling Huang, Feng-Cheng Tang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b45","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term psychological effects of low-dose radiation exposure have received limited attention. This study examined radiation-related worry, coping, and psychological distress among residents exposed to contaminated buildings in Taiwan, and tested the mediating roles of approach and avoidant coping.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional survey (2022-2023) recruited 268 residents with prior exposure. Radiation-related worry, coping strategies, and psychological distress were assessed using validated scales. Correlation and multiple regression analyses evaluated associations and mediation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>overall worry and distress were low, yet they were modestly but significantly correlated (<i>r</i>= .207,<i>p</i>< .01). Approach coping partially mediated the relationship between worry and distress, and was also directly associated with higher distress (<i>β</i>= 0.158,<i>p</i>< .01). Avoidant coping was positively associated with distress (<i>β</i>= 0.247,<i>p</i>< .01) but was not significantly related to worry, and thus did not serve as a mediator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>even decades later, radiation-related worry remains positively associated with psychological distress. Coping strategies appear to play complex roles: approach coping may be linked to higher distress in uncontrollable contexts, while avoidant coping is independently associated with distress. In long-term, low-dose radiation exposure contexts, interventions focusing on managing excessive engagement and recalibrating active coping strategies may help individuals to achieve better psychological adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameterisation of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome mortality based on models of neutrophil kinetics.","authors":"Zach Meisel, Scott Lorette","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae80d2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae80d2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Planning and preparedness for response to radiological and nuclear incidents and accidents requires accurate predictions of radiation-induced mortality. Present estimates are primarily based on empirical fits to historical data sets which can be idiosyncratic and may be limited in general applicability. To provide an alternative approach based on more fundamental principles, we present a hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome mortality dose response parameterisation based on model calculations relating absolute neutrophil count (ANC) kinetics to overall survival (OS) probability. ANC-to-OS calculations were performed using a kinetic-pharmacodynamic approach for acute whole-body radiation doses from 0 to 15 Gy. Results were approximated with a two-parameter Weibull distribution function. The resulting dose response curve is in agreement with radiation-induced mortality data from historical incidents and accidents, while differing from commonly used dose response curve estimates. When applied to a notional prompt-exposure scenario, the new dose response curve results in a 6×greater requirement (approximately 1500 savable persons) for administration of life-saving medical countermeasures (MCMs) compared to estimates based on the Nuclear Regulatory Series (NUREG) dose-response curve (approximately 260 savable persons). We briefly comment on the prospects for extending the present work to include the impact of MCMs and biological factors, such as illness/injury, age, and possibly sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A FMEA-based risk analysis of nuclear medicine equipment quality control.","authors":"Vitor Moura de Paula, Lidia Vasconcelos de Sá, Luis Alexandre Gonçalves Magalhães, Marcelo Coelho Loureiro, Susie Medeiros Oliveira, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7383","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In diagnostic nuclear medicine, quality control (QC) procedures are often conducted without structured risk-informed frameworks capable of systematically prioritizing failures with radiological, operational, or quantitative imaging impact. This study developed and applied an adapted failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) model employing multidimensional severity criteria tailored to diagnostic nuclear medicine workflows to identify and prioritise failure modes affecting system stability, metrological consistency, and radiation safety. Risks were assessed employing failure occurrence (<i>O</i>), severity (<i>S</i>), and detection (<i>D</i>) scores, each ranked from 1 to 10. Risk priority numbers (RPN) were calculated as RPN =<i>O</i>×<i>S</i>×<i>D</i>, and critical failures were defined as RPN > 125 and<i>S</i>⩾ 7. The analysis identified 405 failure modes, resulting in 2073 potential failures, with 23 categorised as critical risk, primarily associated with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/SPECT-CT) and positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) procedures. The highest-risk events included mishandling of radioactive sources during sensitivity testing and dose calibrator-PET/CT desynchronisation, both affecting quantitative accuracy and radiation safety. Within the evaluated institutional context, the adapted FMEA framework enabled structured prioritisation of QC-related vulnerabilities and identification of targets for risk-informed quality management interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goodness of fit for censored regression in internal dosimetry.","authors":"J Godfrey, D Gregoratto","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b43","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation doses from incorporated radionuclides are typically estimated from monitoring data using the maximum-likelihood method followed by a check of the goodness of fit. The likelihood function depends not only on the assumed biokinetic model but also on the information provided by the measurement process. Measurements recorded as below a known censoring threshold (type-I left censoring) are still encountered in internal dosimetry, particularly in historical databases used for epidemiological studies. This paper considers a goodness of fit method for datasets that include censored observations. We focus on censored regression, commonly used in internal dosimetry to estimate intakes from measurements. The method relies on the Tobit likelihood function assuming that both observed and censored data follow a specified probability distribution. We propose the use of the deviance, a generalisation of the familiarχ2quantity, as a measure of discrepancy between measurements and the model predictions. Goodness of fit is then evaluated by comparing the observed deviance to its reference probability distribution. Although this reference distribution does not have generally a closed analytical form it is simple to compute via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. As a computationally more efficient alternative, we derive analytical approximations for the distribution of the deviance of normally and lognormally distributed data. These approximations are expressed in terms of the gamma distribution, which includes theχ2distribution as a special case. The derived gamma approximations have been validated against MC simulations for several exposure scenarios. While censoring should be avoided when possible, providing a simple method for assessing the goodness of fit should further encourage internal dosimetrists to rely on the censored regression technique rather than using substitution methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of lunar regolith radiation shielding usingin situresource utilisation.","authors":"Eric He","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7d37","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7d37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustained human operations on the lunar surface require robust radiation protection, as the Moon lacks both a substantial atmosphere and a global magnetosphere, leaving crews exposed to galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The surface radiation field is also influenced by albedo secondaries, particularly neutrons and gamma rays produced when primary particles interact with lunar regolith. These secondaries can contribute substantially to biological dose. This review synthesises lunar and orbital measurements, radiation transport modelling, and experimental beam and neutron transmission studies to evaluate lunar regolith as anin situresource utilisation shielding material for surface habitats. Across published simulations, the first few tens of grams per square centimetre of regolith often reduce dose equivalent by fragmenting high linear energy transfer ions and lowering the average quality factor. At greater thicknesses, additional shielding can yield diminishing returns as secondary neutron production increases. Hybrid shielding strategies that place a hydrogen-rich material as an interior liner generally outperform shielding strategies with only regolith. Experimental results broadly support these trends and show that benchmarked Monte Carlo configurations can reproduce measured effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBITUARYRoger Clarke 1943-2026.","authors":"J W Stather, Roger Cox, Abel J Gonzalez, M C O'Riordan, Jack Valentin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ae8307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rogwe Clarke, CBE, passed away 9 April 2026 at an age of 82 years following a short illness. He is survived by his wife and a son and a daughter and their families. His distinguished career as Directif of the UK National Radioloogical Protection Board (NRPB) and Chairman of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research status and development trends of human decontamination agents for nuclear and chemical medical rescue.","authors":"Junliang Huang, Hao Xu, Chen Chen, Zhidan Gao, Xueze Wang, Junyu Chen, Yunpeng Wang, Bing Liu, Yongjian Hao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7386","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In nuclear and chemical incidents, cutaneous contamination is the primary route leading to acute injury and internal radiation exposure. Consequently, carrying out prompt and effective decontamination within the 'golden rescue window' is a crucial prerequisite for mitigating harm and preserving lives. This paper reviews the research and development of human skin decontamination agents for nuclear and chemical scenarios, systematically elucidating their distinct mechanisms of action, technical classifications, and current product status. Nuclear decontamination primarily involves the physical removal of radioactive particles via washing, adsorption, and chelation. In contrast, chemical decontamination focuses on degrading toxic molecules through acid-base neutralisation, oxidation, and complexation. Core challenges pertaining to the efficacy, safety, and stability of current agents are analysed. Future development trends are projected toward high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, intelligent, and environmentally friendly formulations. This paper is intended to provide a comprehensive perspective integrating nuclear and chemical decontamination strategies to address increasingly complex emergency scenarios, offering theoretical references and technical insights for the development of next-generation high-performance human decontamination agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GMMC-IR: a GPU-accelerated fast dose calculation algorithm for interventional radiology.","authors":"Wang Xinjie, Zhang Xiaoxia, Gao Han, Wu Tao, Guo Jiahao, Chen Yuanji, Xu Wenxing, Zheng Mingxu, Hu Lixing, Yan Kaijin, Wei Shenglan, Zhang Yan, Wu Xinyi, Dong Jie, Jiang Yongqi, Niu Binquan, Wang Rensheng, Sun Liang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b44","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged fluoroscopy during interventional radiology (IR) procedures exposes both operators and patients to potential radiation injury risks. Accurate assessment of organ absorbed doses for both operators and patients in complex clinical scenarios is critical. Traditional central processing unit based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are often limited in routine clinical workflows due to substantial computational demands. This work describes the development and validation of GMMC-IR graphics processing unit (GPU mesh MC for IR), a GPU accelerated MC code specifically tailored for IR applications to achieve rapid dosimetry while maintaining high physical fidelity. To address GPU thread divergence, an event-based approach was employed to port Geant4 physics functions into NVIDIA CUDA kernels, incorporating optimisations such as static memory pooling, event-pool-based particle encoding, and dynamic scheduling. For geometry navigation, the hardware-accelerated ray-tracing capabilities of NVIDIA OptiX™ were utilised. GMMC-IR was benchmarked and validated against Geant4 in a homogeneous water phantom, the ICRP adult female mesh-type phantom mesh-type reference computational phantom (MRCP_AF), and typical IR scenarios. Geant4 simulations were executed using 100 threads on a server equipped with dual AMD EPYC 7763 64-core processors and 512 GB of RAM, while GMMC-IR was run on an NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU with 24 GB of VRAM. For coupled photon-electron transport in the water phantom, differences in depth dose and lateral dose profiles were within 3%. In the MRCP_AF and typical IR scenarios, organ dose differences remained within 5%. Compared to the Geant4 baseline, GMMC-IR achieved speedup factors of approximately 90-855. This study provides a viable tool for the rapid assessment of dose distributions for both operators and patients in IR settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}