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Malarial Encounters and Shifting Racial Recruitment Strategies by the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast, 1828-1849. 1828-1849 年黄金海岸巴塞尔传教会的疟原虫遭遇和种族招募策略的转变。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad085
Adam Mohr
{"title":"Malarial Encounters and Shifting Racial Recruitment Strategies by the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast, 1828-1849.","authors":"Adam Mohr","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the early- to mid-nineteenth century, European mortality rates in West Africa were the highest in the world. Mortality estimates included nine missionaries sent from the Basel Mission (established in what is now Switzerland) to the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), eight of whom died between 1828 and 1840, mostly from \"fevers.\" In response to high mortality rates, the Basel Mission recruited several Afro-West Indians to work as Christian missionaries in the Gold Coast, mostly based on the presumption that individuals of African descent would better survive the environment. The decision to recruit Afro-West Indians to evangelize on the Gold Coast seemed to the mission to be a rational decision, one not in need of further justification or an overarching theory of race, environment, and disease. Surprisingly, the Basel Mission did not justify this position Biblically either. Once arrived, the West Indian Christian missionaries mostly lived in the Akwapem hills above Accra at an elevation that would have provided some protection against malaria; subsequently, their mortality rates were significantly lower than the European missionaries. After quinine came to be used as a prophylactic against malaria after 1850, thus lowering European missionary mortality rates, no more Afro-West Indians were recruited by the Basel Mission.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina. 探索 1918 年流感大流行中的种族差异：北卡罗来纳州达勒姆案例研究》。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad066
Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker
{"title":"Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina.","authors":"Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paradox of excess mortality among White Americans during the 1918 influenza pandemic has long puzzled historians and scientists. Recent scholarship has suggested that this disparity was not true for the country as a whole, but rather regional variation was observed. The factors influencing these disparities remain speculative. A case study was conducted of Durham, North Carolina, a city known nationally for the achievements of its Black middle class, to further explore these themes relying on numerous sources including newspapers and death certificates. Though Durham's overall mortality was lower than many places in North Carolina, the White mortality rate greatly exceeded that of the Black population. Previously described theories, including Alfred Crosby's exposure hypothesis and segregation, were explored. The most notable difference between Durham's pandemic narrative and other comparable towns was the robust healthcare response, which was made possible by the excellence of the Black nursing force from Lincoln Hospital. Nursing care was the best treatment available for the 1918 influenza, but most of the nation experienced severe nursing shortages due to the war effort. This study thus provides an example of how the Black health community has proven an active agent in countering the structural forces driving racial disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nature and Purpose of Public Dissections in Early Modern London. 现代早期伦敦公开解剖的性质和目的》（The Nature and Purpose of Public Dissections in Early Modern London）。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad083
Jacob Murel
{"title":"The Nature and Purpose of Public Dissections in Early Modern London.","authors":"Jacob Murel","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern scholarship on the early modern European anatomy theater has long argued that public dissections were theatrical, carnivalesque affairs characterized by viewers' fascination with the material exposure of the dissected body. This essay builds from the recent work on early modern public dissections to argue against such monolithic presentations of the early modern anatomy. To this end, the essay examines three principal source materials connected with public dissections in early modern London to more specifically argue that public dissections in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century London were solemn events focused on promoting the status of London's barber-surgeons' guild, the Royal College of Physicians, and the education and knowledge of their respective members. In this regard, the essay further suggests that there was no single, dominant perception of dissection and anatomy at the time, but that dissection was utilized as a tool for different individual, occupational, and institutional purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anita Guerrini, Experimenting with Humans and Animals: From Aristotle to CRISPR Anita Guerrini，《用人类和动物做实验》：从亚里士多德到 CRISPR
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad082
Elena Conis
{"title":"Anita Guerrini, Experimenting with Humans and Animals: From Aristotle to CRISPR","authors":"Elena Conis","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lucille A. Lester, Women and the Practice of Medicine: A New History (1950-2020) Lucille A. Lester，《妇女与行医》：新历史（1950-2020 年）
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad080
Jessica Leigh Hester
{"title":"Lucille A. Lester, Women and the Practice of Medicine: A New History (1950-2020)","authors":"Jessica Leigh Hester","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Andrew Scull, Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry’s Turbulent Quest to Cure Mental Illness 安德鲁-斯库尔，《绝望的疗法》：精神病学治疗精神疾病的动荡探索
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad075
Victoria N Meyer
{"title":"Andrew Scull, Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry’s Turbulent Quest to Cure Mental Illness","authors":"Victoria N Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"113 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capitalizing a Cure: How Finance Controls the Price and Value of Medicines. Victor Roy 治疗的资本化：金融如何控制药品的价格和价值》。维克多-罗伊
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad073
Erin L Paterson
{"title":"Capitalizing a Cure: How Finance Controls the Price and Value of Medicines. Victor Roy","authors":"Erin L Paterson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"A Vile Custom": The Strange Career of William Osler's "Professional Notes". “卑劣的习俗”:威廉·奥斯勒“专业笔记”的奇特生涯。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad072
Jenna Healey
{"title":"\"A Vile Custom\": The Strange Career of William Osler's \"Professional Notes\".","authors":"Jenna Healey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1882, William Osler wrote \"Professional Notes among the Indian Tribes about Great Slave Lake, NWT,\" a fantastical essay that purportedly described the sexual and obstetric customs of Indigenous peoples residing in the Canadian Northwest. Originally prepared as a prank, \"Professional Notes,\" along with Osler's alter ego Egerton Yorrick Davis, became an elaborate inside joke that circulated widely among the medical elite for decades after Osler's death. In this essay, I trace the history and afterlife of \"Professional Notes,\" considering both the colonial context of its creation as well as the reasons for its enduring popularity. I argue that \"Professional Notes\" both reflected and reinforced the anti-Indigenous racism that permeated the medical profession, particularly during its consolidation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. I also make a methodological argument for the study of joking within the history of medicine, presenting \"Professional Notes\" as a powerful example of the role humour has played in shaping medical culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Envisioning African Intersex: Challenging Colonial and Racist Legacies in South African Medicine, Amanda Lock Swarr 设想非洲双性人：挑战南非医学中的殖民和种族主义遗产，阿曼达-洛克-斯瓦尔
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad078
Jacob Ivey
{"title":"Envisioning African Intersex: Challenging Colonial and Racist Legacies in South African Medicine, Amanda Lock Swarr","authors":"Jacob Ivey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Life Worth Living: Disability, Pain, and Morality, Joel Michael Reynolds 值得活下去的生活》，乔尔-迈克尔-雷诺兹残疾、痛苦与道德》，乔尔-迈克尔-雷诺兹
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad071
Alexandra Pucciarelli
{"title":"The Life Worth Living: Disability, Pain, and Morality, Joel Michael Reynolds","authors":"Alexandra Pucciarelli","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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